@article{liu2026safe,
  title = {Safe Greenhouse Climate Control Using Lagrangian-Constrained PPO with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks},
  author = {Hangzun Liu and Yuling Fan and Fang Tian and Zhilong Bie and Zaiwen Feng and Yongliang Qiao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.34966},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34966},
}

@article{zhao2026learning,
  title = {Learning Hierarchical Causal Representations of the Effects of Forcings on Temperature in Climate Models},
  author = {Shan Zhao and Ilija Trajkovic and Julia Kaltenborn and Yaniv Gurwicz and Peer Nowack and David Rolnick and Julien Boussard},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.30995},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30995},
}

@article{fan2026understanding,
  title = {Understanding Perturbed Parameter Ensemble Sensitivities Using A Contrastive Learning Approach},
  author = {Da Fan and David John Gagne and Gregory S Elsaesser and Brian Medeiros and Addisu G Semie and Qingyuan Yang and Akila Sampath and Subashree Venkatasubramanian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.30420},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30420},
}

@article{walter2026analysis,
  title = {Analysis of trade-offs in urban heat mitigation using a Bayesian Optimization framework for an urban canopy layer model},
  author = {Rebekka Walter and Johanna Gelhaus and David Anton and Henning Wessles and Stephan Weber},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.25953},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25953},
}

@article{schonfeld2026learning,
  title = {Learning Prognostic Variables for AI Convective Parameterizations via Symbolic Distillation},
  author = {Jurij Schönfeld and Tom Beucler and Julien Savre and Steven Sherwood and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.24882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24882},
}

@article{cerdabautista2026climate,
  title = {Climate Variability Modulates the Impact of Price Spikes on Food Insecurity},
  author = {Jordi Cerdà-Bautista and Vasileios Sitokonstantinou and Homer Durand and Gherardo Varando and Michele Ronco and Gustau Camps-Valls},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.24394},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24394},
}

@article{valva2026more,
  title = {A more predictable Madden-Julian Oscillation index derived from Koopman spectral analysis},
  author = {Claire Valva and Edwin P. Gerber},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.19435},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19435},
}

@article{yang2026selfdiagnosing,
  title = {A Self-Diagnosing Structural Error-Aware Parameter Estimation Method for Earth System Models},
  author = {Qingyuan Yang and Addisu G Semie and Brian Medeiros and Gregory S Elsaesser and Da Fan and Wayne Chuang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.16210},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16210},
}

@article{fahad2026physicsml,
  title = {A Physics--ML Multi-Fidelity Strategy for Earth System Model Parameter Optimization: A QG Proof-of-Concept},
  author = {Abdullah A. Fahad and Manmeet Singh and Donifan Barahona and Anton Darmenov and Andrea Molod},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.13275},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13275},
}

@article{lima2026stresstesting,
  title = {Stress-Testing Dynamical and Generative Downscaling Using Subseasonal Extreme Precipitation Forecasts},
  author = {Mauricio Lima and Marika Koukoula and Romain Pilon and Monika Feldmann and Erwan Koch and Daniela I. V. Domeisen and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.11696},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11696},
}

@article{donno2026neptune,
  title = {Neptune: An AI model for Global Ocean Subseasonal Prediction},
  author = {Davide Donno and Italo Epicoco and Massimo Cafaro and Gabriele Accarino and Mohammad M. Amirian and Viviana Acquaviva and Paola Nassisi and Doroteaciro Iovino and Annalisa Bracco and Simona Masina and Pierre Gentine},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08606},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08606},
}

@article{meinshausen2026gcmagicc,
  title = {GCMagicc v1: a fast generative emulator for multivariate climate-impact ensembles},
  author = {Nicolai Meinshausen and Malte Meinshausen and Jared Lewis and Zebedee Nicholls and Sarah Schöngart and Alister Self and Xinwei Shen and Karla Spiller and Elisabeth Vogel},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08383},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08383},
}

@article{kim2026eastasiaclimateextremes,
  title = {EastAsiaClimateExtremes: An AI-Ready Dataset of Weekly Atmospheric and Oceanic Extremes over East Asia for Subseasonal Prediction Research},
  author = {Miae Kim and Yun-Young Lee and Uran Chung},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08241},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08241},
}

@article{giani2026radiative,
  title = {Radiative and Dynamical Controls on the Land-Ocean Warming Contrast in Climate Models},
  author = {Paolo Giani and Arlene M. Fiore and Raffaele Ferrari and Paul A. O'Gorman and Vincent T. Cooper and Noelle E. Selin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.03658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03658},
}

@article{dainelli2026checklist,
  title = {A Checklist to assess the energy and carbon impacts of ML/AI applications in Earth System Modeling},
  author = {Filippo Dainelli and Amirpasha Mozaffari and Marina Castaño and Aina Gaya i Àvila and Lluís Palma Garcia and Alessio Melli and Oscar Dimdore Miles and Amanda Duarte},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.00847},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00847},
}

@article{dang2026simcasts2s,
  title = {SimCast-S2S: An Efficient Generative Model for Subseasonal Precipitation Forecasting via Transfer Learning from Climate Simulations},
  author = {Hiep V. Dang and Antonios Mamalakis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.26594},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26594},
}

@article{ling2026uhibench,
  title = {UHI-Bench: Benchmarking Dual-Source Urban Heat Island Modeling Across Cities in Diverse Climate Regimes},
  author = {Wanyun Ling and Chenxi Liu and Yi Xie and Aopu Xu and Zhuoqi Zeng and Ziyue Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.23857},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23857},
}

@article{stamatelopoulos2026dysco,
  title = {DySCo: Dynamically consistent data-driven downscaling of extremes in climate projections},
  author = {S. Stamatelopoulos and M. Wang and I. Lopez-Gomez and L. Zepeda-Nunez and Z. Y. Wan and R. Carver and F. Sha and T. P. Sapsis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.21998},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21998},
}

@article{wang2026interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable AI predicts a 2026 summer dry anomaly in central China},
  author = {Anran Wang and Wen Shi and Yong Luo and Jianbin Huang and Lijuan Chen and Junhu Zhao and Weixin Jin and Huihui Yuan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.19163},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19163},
}

@article{dettling2026developing,
  title = {Developing an Offshore Machine Learning Surface Layer Scheme},
  author = {Susan Dettling and Sue Ellen Haupt and Thomas Brummet and Patrick Hawbecker and Branko Kosović and David John Gagne},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.14935},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.14935},
}

@article{subel2026paleoclimate,
  title = {Paleoclimate Boundary Conditions as an Out-of-Sample Test for the Forced Response of Ocean Climate Emulators},
  author = {Adam Subel and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.13494},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.13494},
}

@article{howard2026do,
  title = {Do AI Forecast Ensembles Sample the Correct Conditional Distribution?},
  author = {Lucas J. Howard and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.08954},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08954},
}

@article{funk2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Deep Learning for Drought Forecasting: Role of Internal Climate Variability},
  author = {Henri Funk and Cornelia Gruber and Göran Kauermann and Helmut Küchenhoff and Magdalena Mittermeier},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.01864},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01864},
}

@article{ruan2026sequencetosequence,
  title = {A Sequence-to-Sequence ConvLSTM Approach for Leaf Area Index Forecasting over the South-Central United States},
  author = {Zhixing Ruan and Lixin Lu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.00879},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00879},
}

@article{zeba2026anomalous,
  title = {Anomalous Diffusion of Tropical Cyclones Observed in Huge Ensembles of Hindcasts},
  author = {Abdoul R. Zeba and William D. Collins and Ankur Mahesh and Boris Bonev and Karthik Kashinath and Thorsten Kurth and Michael S. Pritchard and Shashank Subramanian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.21954},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21954},
}

@article{huang2026flexible,
  title = {Flexible generation of daily Earth system model projections across radiative forcing scenarios},
  author = {Yu Huang and Sebastian Bathiany and Shangshang Yang and Philipp Hess and Michael Aich and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.21382},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21382},
}

@article{banerjee2026deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Earth System Model Simulation of Indian Monsoon Intraseasonal and Interannual Variability},
  author = {Bijit Kumar Banerjee and Devabrat Sharma and R. I. Sujith and Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan and Manikandan Narayanan and Subodh K. Saha and Anurag Dipankar and Utpal Sarma and B. N. Goswami},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.01676},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01676},
}

@article{palma2026learning,
  title = {Learning Climate Variability from Scarce Data with Diffusion Models: A Test Case for ENSO},
  author = {Lluis Palma and Vincent Verjans and Amanda Duarte and Albert Soret and Markus Donat},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.27094},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.27094},
}

@article{wu2026sampling,
  title = {Sampling sea state using a diffusion model},
  author = {Jiarong Wu and Bertrand Chapron and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.26389},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26389},
}

@article{zanna2026bridging,
  title = {Towards bridging the gap between data-driven and theoretical turbulence closures in stratified flows},
  author = {Laure Zanna and Pavel Perezhogin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.20901},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20901},
}

@article{ko2026exploring,
  title = {Exploring the potential of AlphaEarth and TESSERA embeddings for Fine-scale Local Climate Zone Mapping: A case study across five cities in Switzerland},
  author = {Htet Yamin Ko Ko and Clement Atzberger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.20034},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20034},
}

@article{womack2026optimal,
  title = {Optimal scenario design for climate emulation},
  author = {Christopher B. Womack and Shahine Bouabid and Andrei Sokolov and Popat Salunke and Glenn Flierl and Sebastian D. Eastham and Noelle E. Selin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.19302},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19302},
}

@article{lassen2026investigating,
  title = {Investigating Inductive Biases for Machine Learning Emulation of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in Idealised Isca Simulations},
  author = {Oskar Bohn Lassen and Simon Driscoll and Stephen I. Thomson and Sebastian Schemm and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.18857},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18857},
}

@article{legasa2026regional,
  title = {Regional Climate Model Emulation with Diffusion Approaches: What is the Added Value of Generative Machine Learning?},
  author = {Mikel N. Legasa and Antoine Doury and Achille Gellens and Redouane Lguensat and Clara Naldesi and Soulivanh Thao and Mathieu Vrac},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.14570},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14570},
}

@article{mozaffari2026scalable,
  title = {Scalable Deep Learning Framework for Global High-Resolution Land Use Reconstruction},
  author = {Amirpasha Mozaffari and Marina Castaño and Stefano Materia and Etienne Tourigny and Oscar Molina-Sedano and Jordi Varela-Agrelo and Dario Garcia-Gasulla and Miguel Castrillo Melguizo and Mario Acosta and Amanda Duarte},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.11793},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11793},
}

@article{sheikh2026mmclima,
  title = {MMClima: A Framework for Multimodal Climate Science Data and Evaluation},
  author = {Muhammad Umer Sheikh and Hassan Abid and Khawar Shehzad and Ufaq Khan and Muhammad Haris Khan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.10194},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10194},
}

@article{hagg2026unetaccelerated,
  title = {U-Net-Accelerated Quality-Diversity Optimization for Climate-Adaptive Urban Layouts},
  author = {Alexander Hagg and Tania Guerrero and Dirk Reith},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.04658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.04658},
}

@article{loer2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic storyline attribution using machine learning},
  author = {Frieder Loer and Maybritt Schillinger and Sebastian Sippel},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02550},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02550},
}

@article{singh2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating Skill and Stability of ArchesWeather and ArchesWeatherGen under Multi-Decadal Climate Simulations},
  author = {Renu Singh and Robert Brunstein and Antonia Jost and Yana Hasson and Thomas Rackow and Claire Monteleoni and Christian Lessig and Guillaume Couairon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.29976},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29976},
}

@article{gooya2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic bias adjustment of seasonal forecasts using generative machine learning: A case study of Arctic sea ice predictions},
  author = {Parsa Gooya and Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.29172},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29172},
}

@article{stanleyclamp2026no,
  title = {No Epoch Like the Present: Robust Climate Emulation Requires Out-of-Distribution Generalisation},
  author = {Bradley Stanley-Clamp and Anson Lei and Hannah M. Christensen and Ingmar Posner},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.22248},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22248},
}

@article{shipway2026blending,
  title = {Blending machine learning and physics-based approaches for weather and climate: a typology},
  author = {Benjamin J Shipway and Caroline Bain and David Walters and Ben B. B. Booth and Ian Boutle and Robin T. Clark and Katherine L. Hill and Elizabeth Kendon and Simon B. Vosper},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.20925},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20925},
}

@article{houedry2026spherical,
  title = {Spherical Harmonic Optimal Transport: Application to Climate Models Comparisons},
  author = {Pierre Houédry and Iskander Legheraba and Léo Buecher and Nicolas Courty},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.18389},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18389},
}

@article{ozeki2026learning,
  title = {Learning Displacement-Robust Representations for Landslide Early Warning under Rainfall Forecast Uncertainty},
  author = {Ren Ozeki and Hamada Rizk and Hirozumi Yamaguchi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.17419},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17419},
}

@article{clyne2026emulating,
  title = {Emulating the Forced Response of Climate Models with Flow Matching},
  author = {Graham Clyne and Julia Kaltenborn and Peer Nowack and Claire Monteleoni and Anasatase Charantonis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.16929},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16929},
}

@article{lee2026assessment,
  title = {Assessment of cloud and associated radiation fields from a GAN stochastic cloud subcolumn generator},
  author = {Dongmin Lee and Lazaros Oreopoulos and Nayeong Cho and Daeho Jin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.11968},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11968},
}

@article{heranval2026wasserstein,
  title = {A Wasserstein GAN-based climate scenario generator for risk management and insurance: the case of soil subsidence},
  author = {Antoine Heranval and Olivier Lopez and Didier Ngatcha and Daniel Nkameni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.06678},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06678},
}

@article{haslauer2026interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable Neural Networks to Predict Momentum Fluxes of Orographic Gravity Waves},
  author = {Elias Haslauer and Mierk Schwabe and Andreas Dörnbrack and Edwin P. Gerber and Markus Rapp and Nedjeljka Žagar and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.05052},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05052},
}

@article{tivenan2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Classification and Uncertainty Quantification of Sahara Desert Climate Using Feedforward Neural Networks},
  author = {Stephen Tivenan and Indranil Sahoo and Yanjun Qian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.04286},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04286},
}

@article{manshausen2026accurate,
  title = {Towards accurate extreme event likelihoods from diffusion model climate emulators},
  author = {Peter Manshausen and Noah Brenowitz and Julius Berner and Karthik Kashinath and Mike Pritchard},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.03802},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03802},
}

@article{biswas2026physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Neural Learning for State Reconstruction and Parameter Identification in Coupled Greenhouse Climate Dynamics},
  author = {Sani Biswas and Khursheed J. Ansari and Md. Nasim Akhtar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.02524},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02524},
}

@article{dubus2026leveraging,
  title = {Leveraging Climate Services to Build Climate Resilient Power Systems},
  author = {Laurent Dubus and Alberto Troccoli and Aron zuiker and Laurens Stoop},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00717},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00717},
}

@article{wu2026amplified,
  title = {Amplified Urban Climate Extremes from Global Warming-Urbanization Synergy: A Physics-Informed Intelligence Paradigm},
  author = {Qiuxia Wu and Yaqiang Wang and Huabing Ke},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.24333},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24333},
}

@article{meinhardt2026deep,
  title = {Deep Clustering for Climate: Analyzing Teleconnections through Learned Categorical States},
  author = {Lívia Meinhardt and Dário Oliveira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.22909},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22909},
}

@article{ahmed2026assessing,
  title = {Assessing Emulator Design and Training for Modal Aerosol Microphysics Parameterizations in E3SMv2},
  author = {Shady E. Ahmed and Hui Wan and Saad Qadeer and Panos Stinis and Kezhen Chong and Mohammad Taufiq Hassan Mozumder and Kai Zhang and Ann S. Almgren},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.21233},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21233},
}

@article{wang2026climtparaformer,
  title = {climt-paraformer: Stable Emulation of Convective Parameterization using a Temporal Memory-aware Transformer},
  author = {Shuochen Wang and Nishant Yadav and Joy Merwin Monteiro and Auroop R. Ganguly},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.21085},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21085},
}

@article{shin2026connecting,
  title = {Connecting the forward problem to the inverse problem in uncertainty quantification of Earth system models using fast emulators},
  author = {Ethan YoungIn Shin and Baris Kale and Michael F. Howland},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.19500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19500},
}

@article{knoblauch2026aibased,
  title = {AI-based Waste Mapping for Addressing Climate-Exacerbated Flood Risk},
  author = {Steffen Knoblauch and Levi Szamek and Iddy Chazua and Benedcto Adamu and Innocent Maholi and Alexander Zipf},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.18151},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18151},
}

@article{guan2026enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing AI and Dynamical Subseasonal Forecasts with Probabilistic Bias Correction},
  author = {Hannah Guan and Soukayna Mouatadid and Paulo Orenstein and Judah Cohen and Haiyu Dong and Zekun Ni and Jeremy Berman and Genevieve Flaspohler and Alex Lu and Jakob Schloer and Joshua Talib and Jonathan A. Weyn and Lester Mackey},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.16238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16238},
}

@article{gruber2026capturing,
  title = {Capturing Aleatoric Uncertainty in Climate Models},
  author = {Cornelia Gruber and Henri Funk and Magdalena Mittermeier and Helmut Küchenhoff and Göran Kauermann},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.15067},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15067},
}

@article{hall2026monthly,
  title = {Monthly Diffusion v0.9: A Latent Diffusion Model for the First AI-MIP},
  author = {Kyle J. C. Hall and Maria J. Molina},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.13481},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13481},
}

@article{zhang2026fast,
  title = {Fast and principled equation discovery from chaos to climate},
  author = {Yuzheng Zhang and Weizhen Li and Rui Carvalho},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.11929},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11929},
}

@article{dejong2026cerberus,
  title = {CERBERUS: A Three-Headed Decoder for Vertical Cloud Profiles},
  author = {Emily K. deJong and Nipun Gunawardena and Kevin Smalley and Hassan Beydoun and Peter Caldwell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.08772},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08772},
}

@article{paul2026optimizing,
  title = {Optimizing Objective Model Calibration Approaches using Single Column Models},
  author = {Pappu Paul and Cristian Proistosescu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03594},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03594},
}

@article{keisler2026generative,
  title = {Generative Unsupervised Downscaling of Climate Models via Domain Alignment: Application to Wind Fields},
  author = {Julie Keisler and Boutheina Oueslati and Anastase Charantonis and Yannig Goude and Claire Monteleoni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03341},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03341},
}

@article{kaselimi2026artificial,
  title = {Toward Artificial Intelligence Enabled Earth System Coupling},
  author = {Maria Kaselimi and Anna Belehaki},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03289},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03289},
}

@article{jiang2026miranda,
  title = {MIRANDA: MId-feature RANk-adversarial Domain Adaptation toward climate change-robust ecological forecasting with deep learning},
  author = {Yuchang Jiang and Jan Dirk Wegner and Vivien Sainte Fare Garnot},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.00800},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00800},
}

@article{antonio2026ace2nemo,
  title = {ACE2-NEMO: Coupling an ML atmospheric emulator to a full-depth dynamical ocean model},
  author = {Bobby Antonio and Kristian Strommen and Pablo Ortega and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.28704},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28704},
}

@article{moreno2026do,
  title = {Do Climate Models Need Microphysical and Convective Parameterizations to Generate Accurate Precipitation Fields?},
  author = {Raul Moreno and Dale Durran},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25936},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25936},
}

@article{shi2026impact,
  title = {Impact of Data-Driven Eddy Parameterization on Climate State in an Idealized Coupled CESM Model},
  author = {Jia-Rui Shi and Pavel Perezhogin and Laure Zanna and Alistair Adcroft},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25843},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25843},
}

@article{banerjee2026subseasonal,
  title = {Sub-seasonal Modulation and Predictability of Indian monsoon hourly Rainfall Extremes},
  author = {Bijit Kumar Banerjee and Devabrat Sharma and Mahen Konwar and Simanta Das and Utpal Sarma and B. N. Goswami},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.24374},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24374},
}

@article{schmidt2026how,
  title = {How Can Machine Learning Emulators Best Support Climate Science?},
  author = {Luca Schmidt and Nina Effenberger and Vitus Benson and Philine L. Bommer and Robert Brunstein and Mikel N. Legasa and Maxim Samarin and Maybritt Schillinger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.22320},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22320},
}

@article{esclapez2026constructing,
  title = {Constructing efficient score functions for rare event simulation in high-dimensional ocean-climate models},
  author = {Lucas Esclapez and Valérian Jacques-Dumas and Reyk Börner and Laurent Soucasse and Henk A. Dijkstra},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.20257},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20257},
}

@article{loon2026recent,
  title = {Recent Weakening of the Global Radiative Feedback},
  author = {Senne Van Loon and Maria Rugenstein and Mark D. Zelinka and Timothy Andrews},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.12515},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12515},
}

@article{rozanov2026carbonbench,
  title = {CarbonBench: A Global Benchmark for Upscaling of Carbon Fluxes Using Zero-Shot Learning},
  author = {Aleksei Rozanov and Arvind Renganathan and Yimeng Zhang and Vipin Kumar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.09868},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09868},
}

@article{ismaili2026machine,
  title = {Machine Learning of Vertical Fluxes by Unresolved Midlatitude Mesoscale Processes},
  author = {Erisa Ismaili and Robert C. Jnglin Wills and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.07712},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07712},
}

@article{costa2026artificial,
  title = {Artificial Intelligence for Climate Adaptation: Reinforcement Learning for Climate Change-Resilient Transport},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Carolin Schmidt and João Miranda and Morten W. Petersen and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrisey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.06278},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06278},
}

@article{mozaffari2026rise,
  title = {The Rise of AI in Weather and Climate Information and its Impact on Global Inequality},
  author = {Amirpasha Mozaffari and Amanda Duarte and Lina Teckentrup and Stefano Materia and Gina E. C. Charnley and Lluis Palma and Eulalia Baulenas Serra and Dragana Bojovic and Paula Checchia and Aude Carreric and Francisco Doblas-Reyes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.05710},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05710},
}

@article{yang2026effect,
  title = {The Effect of Planetary Rotation Period on Clouds in a Global Climate Model with a Bin Microphysics Scheme},
  author = {Huanzhou Yang and Eric T. Wolf and Cheng-Cheng Liu and Yunqian Zhu and Owen B. Toon and Dorian S. Abbot},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.03767},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03767},
}

@article{zhang2026nearsurface,
  title = {Near-surface Extreme Wind Events and Their Responses to Climate Forcings in a Hierarchy of Global Climate Models},
  author = {G. Zhang and M. Rao and I. Simpson and K. A. Reed and B. Medeiros and H. -H. Chou and T. Shaw},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.03483},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03483},
}

@article{remshard2026addressing,
  title = {Addressing Climate Action Misperceptions with Generative AI},
  author = {Miriam Remshard and Yara Kyrychenko and Sander van der Linden and Matthew H. Goldberg and Anthony Leiserowitz and Elena Savoia and Jon Roozenbeek},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.22564},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22564},
}

@article{mahesh2026examining,
  title = {Examining Fast Radiatively Driven Responses Using Machine-Learning Weather Emulators},
  author = {Ankur Mahesh and William D. Collins and Travis A. O'Brien and Paul B. Goddard and Sinclaire Zebaze and Shashank Subramanian and James P. C. Duncan and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Boris Bonev and Thorsten Kurth and Karthik Kashinath and Michael S. Pritchard and Da Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.16090},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16090},
}

@article{guan2026highresolution,
  title = {High-Resolution Climate Projections Using Diffusion-Based Downscaling of a Lightweight Climate Emulator},
  author = {Haiwen Guan and Dibyajyoti Chakraborty and Moein Darman and Troy Arcomano and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Romit Maulik},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.13416},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13416},
}

@article{jamal2026selection,
  title = {Selection of CMIP6 Models for Regional Precipitation Projection and Climate Change Assessment in the Jhelum and Chenab River Basins},
  author = {Saad Ahmed Jamal and Ammara Nusrat and Muhammad Azmat and Muhammad Osama Nusrat},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.13181},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13181},
}

@article{gooya2026generative,
  title = {Toward generative machine learning for boosting ensembles of climate simulations},
  author = {Parsa Gooya and Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso and Johannes Exenberger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.06287},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06287},
}

@article{hu2026resilient,
  title = {Resilient Load Forecasting under Climate Change: Adaptive Conditional Neural Processes for Few-Shot Extreme Load Forecasting},
  author = {Chenxi Hu and Yue Ma and Yifan Wu and Yunhe Hou},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.04609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04609},
}

@article{zhou2026data,
  title = {Data Driven Air Entrainment Velocity Parameterization by Breaking Waves},
  author = {Xiaohui Zhou and Anton S. Darmenov and Kianoosh Yousefi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.04067},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04067},
}

@article{iacus2026spatial,
  title = {Spatial Heterogeneity in Climate Risk and Human Flourishing: An Exploration with Generative AI},
  author = {Stefano Maria Iacus and Haodong Qi and Devika Jain},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.20880},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20880},
}

@article{costa2026learning,
  title = {Learning long term climate-resilient transport adaptation pathways under direct and indirect flood impacts using reinforcement learning},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Carolin Schmidt and Morten W. Petersen and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.18586},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18586},
}

@article{meuer2026fieldspace,
  title = {Field-Space Autoencoder for Scalable Climate Emulators},
  author = {Johannes Meuer and Maximilian Witte and Étiénne Plésiat and Thomas Ludwig and Christopher Kadow},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.15102},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15102},
}

@article{kamrani2026multivariate,
  title = {Multivariate LSTM-Based Forecasting for Renewable Energy: Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation},
  author = {Farshid Kamrani and Kristen Schell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.10961},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10961},
}

@article{chobtham2026reinforcement,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning to Discover a North-East Monsoon Index for Rainfall Prediction in Thailand},
  author = {Kiattikun Chobtham},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.10181},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10181},
}

@article{nath2026making,
  title = {Making Tunable Parameters State-Dependent in Weather and Climate Models with Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Pritthijit Nath and Sebastian Schemm and Henry Moss and Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh and Mark J. Webb},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.04268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04268},
}

@article{wang2025optformer,
  title = {OptFormer: Optical Flow-Guided Attention and Phase Space Reconstruction for SST Forecasting},
  author = {Yin Wang and Chunlin Gong and Zhuozhen Xu and Lehan Zhang and Xiang Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2601.06078},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06078},
}

@article{kim2025how,
  title = {How Large Language Models Systematically Misrepresent American Climate Opinions},
  author = {Sola Kim and Jieshu Wang and Marco A. Janssen and John M. Anderies},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.23889},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23889},
}

@article{martin2025longrange,
  title = {Long-Range Distillation: Distilling 10,000 Years of Simulated Climate into Long Timestep AI Weather Models},
  author = {Scott A. Martin and Noah Brenowitz and Dale Durran and Michael Pritchard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22814},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22814},
}

@article{konczal2025machine,
  title = {Machine learning models for predicting catastrophe bond coupons using climate data},
  author = {Julia Kończal and Michał Balcerek and Krzysztof Burnecki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22660},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22660},
}

@article{zhou2025complete,
  title = {The Complete Anatomy of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Revealed by Artificial Intelligence},
  author = {Xiao Zhou and Yuze Sun and Jie Wu and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22144},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22144},
}

@article{baldassare2025even,
  title = {Even Small Companies Can Save Lives by Reducing Emissions},
  author = {Daniel Baldassare and Abby Lute and Hikari Murayama and Cora Kingdon and Christopher Schwalm},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.20473},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20473},
}

@article{christiansen2025quantum,
  title = {Quantum Bayesian Optimization for the Automatic Tuning of Lorenz-96 as a Surrogate Climate Model},
  author = {Paul J. Christiansen and Daniel Ohl de Mello and Cedric Brügmann and Steffen Hien and Felix Herbort and Martin Kiffner and Lorenzo Pastori and Veronika Eyring and Mierk Schwabe},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.20437},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20437},
}

@article{whittaker2025learning,
  title = {Learning vertical coordinates via automatic differentiation of a dynamical core},
  author = {Tim Whittaker and Seth Taylor and Elsa Cardoso-Bihlo and Alejandro Di Luca and Alex Bihlo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17877},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17877},
}

@article{mcafee2025am,
  title = {Am I Confused or Is This Confusing?: Deep Ensembles for ENSO Uncertainty Quantification},
  author = {Devin M. McAfee and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17153},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17153},
}

@article{happe2025interpretable,
  title = {An Interpretable Latent Space reveals changing dynamics of European heatwaves},
  author = {Tamara Happé and Jasper Wijnands and Paolo Scussolini and Peter Pfleiderer and Dim Coumou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17097},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17097},
}

@article{schwabe2025quantum,
  title = {Quantum Machine Learning for Climate Modelling},
  author = {Mierk Schwabe and Lorenzo Pastori and Valentina Sarandrea and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.14208},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14208},
}

@article{mu2025skillful,
  title = {Skillful Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Forecasting of Extreme Events with a Multi-Sphere Coupled Probabilistic Model},
  author = {Bin Mu and Yuxuan Chen and Shijin Yuan and Bo Qin and Hao Guo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.12545},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12545},
}

@article{lee2025nori,
  title = {NORi: An ML-Augmented Ocean Boundary Layer Parameterization},
  author = {Xin Kai Lee and Ali Ramadhan and Andre Souza and Gregory LeClaire Wagner and Simone Silvestri and John Marshall and Raffaele Ferrari},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.04452},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.04452},
}

@article{storer2025harmonic,
  title = {Harmonic Extension for Multiscale Analysis and Modeling Near Boundaries, with an Ocean Application},
  author = {Benjamin A. Storer and Mehrnoush Kharghani and Alistair Adcroft and Hussein Aluie},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.03051},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03051},
}

@article{akande2025ecocast,
  title = {EcoCast: A Spatio-Temporal Model for Continual Biodiversity and Climate Risk Forecasting},
  author = {Hammed A. Akande and Abdulrauf A. Gidado},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.02260},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02260},
}

@article{mansfield2025epistemic,
  title = {Epistemic and Aleatoric Uncertainty Quantification in Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Laura A. Mansfield and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.23448},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23448},
}

@article{immorlano2025technical,
  title = {Technical Report: Towards Unified Diffusion Models for Multi-Model Climate Emulation at Scale},
  author = {Francesco Immorlano and Elijah Tavares and Felix Draxler and Padhraic Smyth and Pierre Gentine and Stephan Mandt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.22970},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22970},
}

@article{lin2025crowdsourcing,
  title = {Crowdsourcing the Frontier: Advancing Hybrid Physics-ML Climate Simulation via a $50,000 Kaggle Competition},
  author = {Jerry Lin and Zeyuan Hu and Tom Beucler and Katherine Frields and Hannah Christensen and Walter Hannah and Helge Heuer and Peter Ukkonnen and Laura A. Mansfield and Tian Zheng and Liran Peng and Ritwik Gupta and Pierre Gentine and Yusef Al-Naher and Mingjiang Duan and Kyo Hattori and Weiliang Ji and Chunhan Li and Kippei Matsuda and Naoki Murakami and Shlomo Ron and Marec Serlin and Hongjian Song and Yuma Tanabe and Daisuke Yamamoto and Jianyao Zhou and Mike Pritchard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.20963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20963},
}

@article{hua2025extratropical,
  title = {Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation Response to ENSO in Deep Learning Pacific Pacemaker Experiments},
  author = {Zhanxiang Hua and Christina Karamperidou and Zilu Meng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.20899},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20899},
}

@article{temraz2025augmenting,
  title = {Augmenting The Weather: A Hybrid Counterfactual-SMOTE Algorithm for Improving Crop Growth Prediction When Climate Changes},
  author = {Mohammed Temraz and Mark T Keane},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11945},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11945},
}

@article{huebscher2025clinb,
  title = {CLINB: A Climate Intelligence Benchmark for Foundational Models},
  author = {Michelle Chen Huebscher and Katharine Mach and Aleksandar Stanić and Markus Leippold and Ben Gaiarin and Zeke Hausfather and Elisa Rawat and Erich Fischer and Massimiliano Ciaramita and Joeri Rogelj and Christian Buck and Lierni Sestorain Saralegui and Reto Knutti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11597},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11597},
}

@article{liu2025efficient,
  title = {Efficient Regional Storm Surge Surrogate Model Training Strategy Under Evolving Landscape and Climate Scenarios},
  author = {Ziyue Liu and Mohammad Ahmadi Gharehtoragh and Brenna Kari Losch and David R. Johnson},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.07269},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07269},
}

@article{loganathan2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning-Driven Downscaling for Climate Risk Assessment of Projected Temperature Extremes in the Nordic Region},
  author = {Parthiban Loganathan and Elias Zea and Ricardo Vinuesa and Evelyn Otero},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03770},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03770},
}

@article{shah2025assessing,
  title = {Assessing Climate Vulnerability Risk for Substations in Massachusetts Via Sensitivity Analysis},
  author = {Hritik Gopal Shah and Elli Ntakou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03748},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03748},
}

@article{costa2025climate,
  title = {Climate Adaptation with Reinforcement Learning: Economic vs. Quality of Life Adaptation Pathways},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03243},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03243},
}

@article{costa2025incorporating,
  title = {Incorporating Quality of Life in Climate Adaptation Planning via Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03238},
}

@article{alipourhajiagha2025probabilistic,
  title = {A Probabilistic U-Net Approach to Downscaling Climate Simulations},
  author = {Maryam Alipourhajiagha and Pierre-Louis Lemaire and Youssef Diouane and Julie Carreau},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03197},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03197},
}

@article{roque2025intercomparison,
  title = {Intercomparison of a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model Ensemble for Catchment-Scale Water Cycle Processes under Human Influence},
  author = {J. L. Roque and F. Da Silva Lopes and J. A. Giles and B. D. Gutknecht and B. Schalge and Y. Zhang and M. Ferro and P. Friederichs and K. Goergen and S. Poll and A. Valmassoi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.02799},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02799},
}

@article{falga2025unified,
  title = {Towards a Unified Data-Driven Boundary Layer Momentum Flux Parameterization for Ocean and Atmosphere},
  author = {Renaud Falga and Sara Shamekh and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.01766},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01766},
}

@article{zanna2025framework,
  title = {A Framework for Hybrid Physics-AI Coupled Ocean Models},
  author = {Laure Zanna and William Gregory and Pavel Perezhogin and Aakash Sane and Cheng Zhang and Alistair Adcroft and Mitch Bushuk and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Brandon Reichl and Dhruv Balwada and Julius Busecke and William Chapman and Alex Connolly and Danni Du and Kelsey Everard and Fabrizio Falasca and Renaud Falga and David Kamm and Etienne Meunier and Qi Liu and Antoine Nasser and Matthew Pudig and Andrew Shao and Julia L. Simpson and Linus Vogt and Jiarong Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.22676},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22676},
}

@article{zhou2025physicsguided,
  title = {A Physics-Guided AI Cascaded Corrector Model Significantly Extends Madden-Julian Oscillation Prediction Skill},
  author = {Xiao Zhou and Yuze Sun and Jie Wu and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.21796},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21796},
}

@article{liu2025stochastic,
  title = {A Stochastic Parameterization of Non-Orographic Gravity Waves Induced Mixing for Mars Planetary Climate Model},
  author = {Jiandong Liu and Ehouarn Millour and François Forget and François Lott and Jean-Yves Chaufray},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20410},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20410},
}

@article{nguyen2025omnicast,
  title = {OmniCast: A Masked Latent Diffusion Model for Weather Forecasting Across Time Scales},
  author = {Tung Nguyen and Tuan Pham and Troy Arcomano and Veerabhadra Kotamarthi and Ian Foster and Sandeep Madireddy and Aditya Grover},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.18707},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18707},
}

@article{thapa2025digestible,
  title = {Digestible Pieces: comparing three options for partitioning the Northeast Pacific Coast for S2S sea surface height prediction},
  author = {Laura Thapa and Marybeth Arcodia and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.18133},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18133},
}

@article{dutta2025quantifying,
  title = {Quantifying Climate Policy Action and Its Links to Development Outcomes: A Cross-National Data-Driven Analysis},
  author = {Aditi Dutta},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.17425},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17425},
}

@article{west2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for Climate Policy: Understanding Policy Progression in the European Green Deal},
  author = {Patricia West and Michelle WL Wan and Alexander Hepburn and Edwin Simpson and Raul Santos-Rodriguez and Jeffrey N Clark},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.16233},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16233},
}

@article{meng2025evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating the Prediction of Wind Power Ramping Events in the Belgian Offshore Zone},
  author = {Ruoke Meng and Geert Smet and Dieter Van den Bleeken and Aaron Van Poecke and Hossein Tabari and Peter Hellinckx and Piet Termonia and Joris Van den Bergh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.15474},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15474},
}

@article{roqui2025multimodal,
  title = {A Multimodal Approach to Heritage Preservation in the Context of Climate Change},
  author = {David Roqui and Adèle Cormier and nistor Grozavu and Ann Bourges},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.14136},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14136},
}

@article{altuntas2025specification,
  title = {Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling},
  author = {Alper Altuntas and Allison H. Baker and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Stephen F. Siegel},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.13425},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13425},
}

@article{joy2025attentionenhanced,
  title = {Attention-Enhanced LSTM Modeling for Improved Temperature and Rainfall Forecasting in Bangladesh},
  author = {Usman Gani Joy and Shahadat kabir and Tasnim Niger},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10702},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10702},
}

@article{erfani2025interactive,
  title = {Interactive Atmospheric Composition Emulation for Next-Generation Earth System Models},
  author = {Seyed Mohammad Hassan Erfani and Kara Lamb and Susanne Bauer and Kostas Tsigaridis and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Gavin Schmidt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10654},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10654},
}

@article{stiller2025topofatmosphere,
  title = {Top-of-atmosphere radiation over the last millennium reconstructed from proxies},
  author = {Dominik Stiller and Gregory J. Hakim},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09896},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09896},
}

@article{gooya2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic bias adjustment of seasonal predictions of Arctic Sea Ice Concentration},
  author = {Parsa Gooya and Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09891},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09891},
}

@article{chakravarty2025spatial,
  title = {Spatial Uncertainty Quantification in Wildfire Forecasting for Climate-Resilient Emergency Planning},
  author = {Aditya Chakravarty},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09666},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09666},
}

@article{heuer2025beyond,
  title = {Beyond the Training Data: Confidence-Guided Mixing of Parameterizations in a Hybrid AI-Climate Model},
  author = {Helge Heuer and Tom Beucler and Mierk Schwabe and Julien Savre and Manuel Schlund and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.08107},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08107},
}

@article{lassen2025climate,
  title = {Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM},
  author = {Oskar Bohn Lassen and Serio Angelo Maria Agriesti and Filipe Rodrigues and Francisco Camara Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.07971},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07971},
}

@article{rahaman2025developing,
  title = {Developing a Sequential Deep Learning Pipeline to Model Alaskan Permafrost Thaw Under Climate Change},
  author = {Addina Rahaman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06258},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06258},
}

@article{seneca2025climate,
  title = {Climate Model Tuning with Online Synchronization-Based Parameter Estimation},
  author = {Jordan Seneca and Suzanne Bintanja and Frank M. Selten},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06180},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06180},
}

@article{hafner2025representing,
  title = {Representing Subgrid-Scale Cloud Effects in a Radiation Parameterization using Machine Learning: MLe-radiation v1.0},
  author = {Katharina Hafner and Sara Shamekh and Guillaume Bertoli and Axel Lauer and Robert Pincus and Julien Savre and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.05963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05963},
}

@article{bouabid2025scorebased,
  title = {Score-based generative emulation of impact-relevant Earth system model outputs},
  author = {Shahine Bouabid and Andre Nogueira Souza and Raffaele Ferrari},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.04358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04358},
}

@article{zheng2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning Workflows in Climate Modeling: Design Patterns and Insights from Case Studies},
  author = {Tian Zheng and Subashree Venkatasubramanian and Shuolin Li and Amy Braverman and Xinyi Ke and Zhewen Hou and Peter Jin and Samarth Sanjay Agrawal},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.03305},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03305},
}

@article{moustakas2025land,
  title = {The land use-climate change-biodiversity nexus in European islands stakeholders},
  author = {Aristides Moustakas and Irene Christoforidi and George Zittis and Nazli Demirel and Mauro Fois and Savvas Zotos and Eirini Gallou and Valentini Stamatiadou and Elli Tzirkalli and Christos Zoumides and Kristina Košić and Aikaterini Christopoulou and Aleksandra Dragin and Damian Łowicki and Artur Gil and Bruna Almeida and Panos Chrysos and Mario V. Balzan and Mark D. C. Mansoldo and Rannveig Ólafsdóttir and Cigdem Kaptan Ayhan and Lutfi Atay and Mirela Tase and Vladimir Stojanović and Maja Mijatov Ladičorbić and Juan Pedro Díaz and Francisco Javier Expósito and Sonia Quiroga and Miguel Ángel Casquet Cano and Haoran Wang and Cristina Suárez and Paraskevi Manolaki and Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02829},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02829},
}

@article{cheng2025generative,
  title = {Generative AI for subgrid turbulence in large-eddy simulations},
  author = {Yu Cheng and Tianle Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.00383},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00383},
}

@article{wogan2025opensource,
  title = {The Open-Source Photochem Code: A General Chemical and Climate Model for Interpreting (Exo)Planet Observations},
  author = {Nicholas F. Wogan and Natasha E. Batalha and Kevin Zahnle and Joshua Krissansen-Totton and David C. Catling and Eric T. Wolf and Tyler D. Robinson and Victoria Meadows and Giada Arney and Shawn Domagal-Goldman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.25578},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25578},
}

@article{lewis2025generative,
  title = {Generative AI-Downscaling of Large Ensembles Project Unprecedented Future Droughts},
  author = {Hamish Lewis and Neelesh Rampal and Peter B. Gibson and Luke J. Harrington and Chiara M. Holgate and Anna Ukkola and Nicola M. Maher},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.21844},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21844},
}

@article{ma2025mloz,
  title = {mloz: A Highly Efficient Machine Learning-Based Ozone Parameterization for Climate Sensitivity Simulations},
  author = {Yiling Ma and Nathan Luke Abraham and Stefan Versick and Roland Ruhnke and Andrea Schneidereit and Ulrike Niemeier and Felix Back and Peter Braesicke and Peer Nowack},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.20422},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20422},
}

@article{jakhar2025analytical,
  title = {An Analytical and AI-discovered Stable, Accurate, and Generalizable Subgrid-scale Closure for Geophysical Turbulence},
  author = {Karan Jakhar and Yifei Guan and Pedram Hassanzadeh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.20365},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20365},
}

@article{wisniewski2025disrespect,
  title = {Disrespect Others, Respect the Climate? Applying Social Dynamics with Inequality to Forest Climate Models},
  author = {Luke Wisniewski and Thomas Zdyrski and Feng Fu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.17252},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17252},
}

@article{clyne2025archesclimate,
  title = {ArchesClimate: Probabilistic Decadal Ensemble Generation With Flow Matching},
  author = {Graham Clyne and Guillaume Couairon and Guillaume Gastineau and Claire Monteleoni and Anastase Charantonis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.15942},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15942},
}

@article{nayak2025attentionbased,
  title = {An Attention-Based Stochastic Simulator for Multisite Extremes to Evaluate Nonstationary, Cascading Flood Risk},
  author = {Adam Nayak and Pierre Gentine and Upmanu Lall},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.14162},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14162},
}

@article{navarro2025do,
  title = {Do machine learning climate models work in changing climate dynamics?},
  author = {Maria Conchita Agana Navarro and Geng Li and Theo Wolf and María Pérez-Ortiz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.12147},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12147},
}

@article{navarra2025deepseasons,
  title = {DeepSeasons: a Deep Learning scale-selecting approach to Seasonal Forecasts},
  author = {A. Navarra and G. G. Navarra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.10494},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10494},
}

@article{jones2025deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Model of Lightning Stroke Density},
  author = {Randall Jones and Joel A. Thornton and Chris J. Wright and Robert Holzworth},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.10399},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10399},
}

@article{pangtey2025two,
  title = {Two Stage Context Learning with Large Language Models for Multimodal Stance Detection on Climate Change},
  author = {Lata Pangtey and Omkar Kabde and Shahid Shafi Dar and Nagendra Kumar},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.08024},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08024},
}

@article{gupta2025finetuning,
  title = {Finetuning AI Foundation Models to Develop Subgrid-Scale Parameterizations: A Case Study on Atmospheric Gravity Waves},
  author = {Aman Gupta and Aditi Sheshadri and Sujit Roy and Johannes Schmude and Vishal Gaur and Wei Ji Leong and Manil Maskey and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.03816},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03816},
}

@article{guan2025lucie3d,
  title = {LUCIE-3D: A three-dimensional climate emulator for forced responses},
  author = {Haiwen Guan and Troy Arcomano and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Romit Maulik},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.02061},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02061},
}

@article{spadon2025communitycentered,
  title = {Community-Centered Spatial Intelligence for Climate Adaptation at Nova Scotia's Eastern Shore},
  author = {Gabriel Spadon and Oladapo Oyebode and Camilo M. Botero and Tushar Sharma and Floris Goerlandt and Ronald Pelot},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01845},
}

@article{choi2025advanced,
  title = {Advanced Torrential Loss Function for Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Jaeho Choi and Hyeri Kim and Kwang-Ho Kim and Jaesung Lee},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01348},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01348},
}

@article{hu2025imputing,
  title = {Imputing Missing Long-Term Spatiotemporal Multivariate Atmospheric Data with CNN-Transformer Machine Learning},
  author = {Jiahui Hu and Wenjun Dong and Alan Z. Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01141},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01141},
}

@article{fridlind2025climate,
  title = {Towards a Climate OSSE Framework for Satellite Mission Design},
  author = {Ann M. Fridlind and Gregory S. Elsaesser and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Grégory V. Cesana and Elizabeth Weatherhead and George Tselioudis and Gavin Schmidt and Donifan Barahona and Brian Cairns and William D. Collins and David Considine and Lidia Cucurull and Larry DiGirolamo and Amber Emory and Otto Hasekamp and Shan He and Ryan Kramer and Matthew Lebsock and Tsengdar Lee and Stephen Leroy and Wuyin Lin and Steven Lugauer and Daniel Miller and Johannes Mülmenstädt and Lazaros Oreopoulos and Derek J. Posselt and Mark D. Zelinkas},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00211},
}

@article{wang2025gen2,
  title = {GEN2: A Generative Prediction-Correction Framework for Long-time Emulations of Spatially-Resolved Climate Extremes},
  author = {Mengze Wang and Benedikt Barthel Sorensen and Themistoklis Sapsis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.15196},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15196},
}

@article{nath2025fedrainlite,
  title = {FedRAIN-Lite: Federated Reinforcement Algorithms for Improving Idealised Numerical Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Pritthijit Nath and Sebastian Schemm and Henry Moss and Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh and Mark Webb},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.14315},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14315},
}

@article{kim2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven global ocean model resolving ocean-atmosphere coupling dynamics},
  author = {Jeong-Hwan Kim and Daehyun Kang and Young-Min Yang and Jae-Heung Park and Yoo-Geun Ham},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.10908},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10908},
}

@article{furtado2025setting,
  title = {Setting the Standard: Recommended Practices for Data Preprocessing in Data-Driven Climate Prediction},
  author = {Jason C. Furtado and Maria J. Molina and Marybeth C. Arcodia and Weston Anderson and Tom Beucler and John A. Callahan and Laura M. Ciasto and Vittorio A. Gensini and Michelle L'Heureux and Kathleen Pegion and Jhayron S. Pérez-Carrasquilla and Maike Sonnewald and Ken Takahashi and Baoqiang Xiang and Brian G. Zimmerman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07062},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07062},
}

@article{ko2025machine,
  title = {A Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Microphysical Properties of Ice Crystals from Cloud Particle Imagery},
  author = {Joseph Ko and Jerry Harrington and Kara Sulia and Vanessa Przybylo and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Kara Lamb},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.19759},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19759},
}

@article{guo2025selfevolving,
  title = {A Self-Evolving AI Agent System for Climate Science},
  author = {Zijie Guo and Jiong Wang and Fenghua Ling and Wangxu Wei and Xiaoyu Yue and Zhe Jiang and Wanghan Xu and Jing-Jia Luo and Lijing Cheng and Yoo-Geun Ham and Fengfei Song and Pierre Gentine and Toshio Yamagata and Ben Fei and Wenlong Zhang and Xinyu Gu and Chao Li and Yaqiang Wang and Tao Chen and Wanli Ouyang and Bowen Zhou and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.17311},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17311},
}

@article{li2025met2net,
  title = {Met$^2$Net: A Decoupled Two-Stage Spatio-Temporal Forecasting Model for Complex Meteorological Systems},
  author = {Shaohan Li and Hao Yang and Min Chen and Xiaolin Qin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.17189},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17189},
}

@article{kar2025linear,
  title = {Linear stability of an oceanic front at finite Rossby number},
  author = {Subhajit Kar and Roy Barkan and John R. Taylor},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.13304},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13304},
}

@article{liu2025capturing,
  title = {Capturing Unseen Spatial Heat Extremes Through Dependence-Aware Generative Modeling},
  author = {Xinyue Liu and Xiao Peng and Shuyue Yan and Yuntian Chen and Dongxiao Zhang and Zhixiao Niu and Hui-Min Wang and Xiaogang He},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.09211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09211},
}

@article{ramirez2025sitespecific,
  title = {Site-Specific Parameterization of Ocean Spectra for Power Estimates of Wave Energy Converters},
  author = {Rafael Baez Ramirez and Ethan J. Sloan and Carlos Alejandro Michelén Ströfer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.05440},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05440},
}

@article{meng2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Atmospheric Models Reliably Simulate Out-of-Sample Land Heat and Cold Wave Frequencies},
  author = {Zilu Meng and Gregory J. Hakim and Wenchang Yang and Gabriel A. Vecchi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.03176},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03176},
}

@article{falasca2025probing,
  title = {Probing forced responses and causality in data-driven climate emulators: conceptual limitations and the role of reduced-order models},
  author = {Fabrizio Falasca},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.22552},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22552},
}

@article{zaidan2025artificial,
  title = {Artificial Intelligence for Atmospheric Sciences: A Research Roadmap},
  author = {Martha Arbayani Zaidan and Naser Hossein Motlagh and Petteri Nurmi and Tareq Hussein and Markku Kulmala and Tuukka Petäjä and Sasu Tarkoma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.16281},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16281},
}

@article{mai2025blended,
  title = {Blended parameterization in an atmospheric model: Improving severestorm ensemble prediction by considering uncertainties in model physics},
  author = {Khanh Hung Mai and Duc Le and Kazuo Saito and Tomizawa Futo and Yohei Sawada},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.15472},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15472},
}

@article{landsberg2025aiinformed,
  title = {AI-informed model-analogs for understanding subseasonal-to-seasonal jet stream and North American temperature predictability},
  author = {Jacob B. Landsberg and Matthew Newman and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.14022},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14022},
}

@article{chen2025climatechat,
  title = {ClimateChat: Designing Data and Methods for Instruction Tuning LLMs to Answer Climate Change Queries},
  author = {Zhou Chen and Xiao Wang and Yuanhong Liao and Ming Lin and Yuqi Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13796},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13796},
}

@article{camilletti2025ai,
  title = {AI reconstruction of European weather from the Euro-Atlantic regimes},
  author = {A. Camilletti and G. Franch and E. Tomasi and M. Cristoforetti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13758},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13758},
}

@article{hickman2025causal,
  title = {Causal Climate Emulation with Bayesian Filtering},
  author = {Sebastian Hickman and Ilija Trajkovic and Julia Kaltenborn and Francis Pelletier and Alex Archibald and Yaniv Gurwicz and Peer Nowack and David Rolnick and Julien Boussard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.09891},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09891},
}

@article{shin2025accelerated,
  title = {Accelerated Bayesian calibration and uncertainty quantification of RANS turbulence model parameters for stratified atmospheric boundary layer flows},
  author = {E. Y. Shin and M. F. Howland},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18756},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18756},
}

@article{badekale2025aidriven,
  title = {AI-Driven Climate Policy Scenario Generation for Sub-Saharan Africa},
  author = {Rafiu Adekoya Badekale and Adewale Akinfaderin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18694},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18694},
}

@article{gregory2025advancing,
  title = {Advancing global sea ice prediction capabilities using a fully-coupled climate model with integrated machine learning},
  author = {William Gregory and Mitchell Bushuk and Yong-Fei Zhang and Alistair Adcroft and Laure Zanna and Colleen McHugh and Liwei Jia},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18328},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18328},
}

@article{chen2025improving,
  title = {Improving the Predictability of the Madden-Julian Oscillation at Subseasonal Scales with Gaussian Process Models},
  author = {Haoyuan Chen and Emil Constantinescu and Vishwas Rao and Cristiana Stan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.15934},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15934},
}

@article{rodriguezpardo2025netzero,
  title = {Net-Zero: A Comparative Study on Neural Network Design for Climate-Economic PDEs Under Uncertainty},
  author = {Carlos Rodriguez-Pardo and Louis Daumas and Leonardo Chiani and Massimo Tavoni},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.13264},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13264},
}

@article{silva2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting temperatures in Brazilian states capitals via Machine Learning},
  author = {Sidney T. da Silva and Enrique C. Gabrick and Ana Luiza R. de Moraes and Ricardo L. Viana and Antonio M. Batista and Iberê L. Caldas and Jürgen Kurths},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.11511},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11511},
}

@article{liu2025quantumenhanced,
  title = {Quantum-Enhanced Parameter-Efficient Learning for Typhoon Trajectory Forecasting},
  author = {Chen-Yu Liu and Kuan-Cheng Chen and Yi-Chien Chen and Samuel Yen-Chi Chen and Wei-Hao Huang and Wei-Jia Huang and Yen-Jui Chang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.09395},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09395},
}

@article{yu2025reinforcement,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning (RL) Meets Urban Climate Modeling: Investigating the Efficacy and Impacts of RL-Based HVAC Control},
  author = {Junjie Yu and John S. Schreck and David John Gagne and Keith W. Oleson and Jie Li and Yongtu Liang and Qi Liao and Mingfei Sun and David O. Topping and Zhonghua Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.07045},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07045},
}

@article{zhou2025machine,
  title = {A machine learning model for skillful climate system prediction},
  author = {Chenguang Zhou and Lei Chen and Xiaohui Zhong and Bo Lu and Hao Li and Libo Wu and Jie Wu and Jiahui Hu and Zesheng Dou and Pang-Chi Hsu and Xiaoye Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.06269},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06269},
}

@article{grundner2025reduced,
  title = {Reduced Cloud Cover Errors in a Hybrid AI-Climate Model Through Equation Discovery And Automatic Tuning},
  author = {Arthur Grundner and Tom Beucler and Julien Savre and Axel Lauer and Manuel Schlund and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.04358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04358},
}

@article{mockert2025windows,
  title = {Windows of opportunity in subseasonal weather regime forecasting: A statistical-dynamical approach},
  author = {Fabian Mockert and Christian M. Grams and Sebastian Lerch and Julian Quinting},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.02680},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02680},
}

@article{zhang2025advancing,
  title = {Advancing Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity with a Hybrid AI-Physics Climate Model},
  author = {Gan Zhang and Megha Rao and Janni Yuval and Ming Zhao},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.01455},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01455},
}

@article{biswas2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Equity of Climate Policies using Multi-Agent Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Palok Biswas and Zuzanna Osika and Isidoro Tamassia and Adit Whorra and Jazmin Zatarain-Salazar and Jan Kwakkel and Frans A. Oliehoek and Pradeep K. Murukannaiah},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.01115},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01115},
}

@article{snaiki2025novel,
  title = {A Novel Dynamic Bias-Correction Framework for Hurricane Risk Assessment under Climate Change},
  author = {Reda Snaiki and Teng Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00832},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00832},
}

@article{ibikunle2025aiready,
  title = {AI-ready Snow Radar Echogram Dataset (SRED) for climate change monitoring},
  author = {Oluwanisola Ibikunle and Hara Talasila and Debvrat Varshney and Jilu Li and John Paden and Maryam Rahnemoonfar},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00786},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00786},
}

@article{pasula2025data,
  title = {Data Driven Deep Learning for Correcting Global Climate Model Projections of SST and DSL in the Bay of Bengal},
  author = {Abhishek Pasula and Deepak N. Subramani},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20620},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20620},
}

@article{hadas2025quantifying,
  title = {Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Storm Activity Using Machine Learning},
  author = {Or Hadas and Yohai Kaspi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20521},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20521},
}

@article{wang2025multidimensional,
  title = {Multidimensional precipitation index prediction based on CNN-LSTM hybrid framework},
  author = {Yuchen Wang and Pengfei Jia and Zhitao Shu and Keyan Liu and Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20442},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20442},
}

@article{pasula2025global,
  title = {Global Climate Model Bias Correction Using Deep Learning},
  author = {Abhishek Pasula and Deepak N. Subramani},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.19145},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19145},
}

@article{darman2025fourier,
  title = {Fourier analysis of the physics of transfer learning for data-driven subgrid-scale models of ocean turbulence},
  author = {Moein Darman and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Laure Zanna and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.15487},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15487},
}

@article{hasan2025invarianceembedded,
  title = {Invariance-embedded Machine Learning Sub-grid-scale Stress Models for Meso-scale Hurricane Boundary Layer Flow Simulation I: Model Development and $\textit{a priori}$ Studies},
  author = {Md Badrul Hasan and Meilin Yu and Tim Oates},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.14473},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14473},
}

@article{vandervoort2025reinforcement,
  title = {Using Reinforcement Learning to Integrate Subjective Wellbeing into Climate Adaptation Decision Making},
  author = {Arthur Vandervoort and Miguel Costa and Morten W. Petersen and Martin Drews and Sonja Haustein and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.10031},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10031},
}

@article{bommer2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Meets Teleconnections: Improving S2S Predictions for European Winter Weather},
  author = {Philine L. Bommer and Marlene Kretschmer and Fiona R. Spuler and Kirill Bykov and Marina M. -C. Höhne},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.07625},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07625},
}

@article{vemula2025graph,
  title = {Graph Transformer-Based Flood Susceptibility Mapping: Application to the French Riviera and Railway Infrastructure Under Climate Change},
  author = {Sreenath Vemula and Filippo Gatti and Pierre Jehel},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.03727},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03727},
}

@article{aich2025generating,
  title = {Generating realistic global precipitation fields from modelled atmospheric circulation},
  author = {Michael Aich and Sebastian Bathiany and Philipp Hess and Yu Huang and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.00307},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00307},
}

@article{kent2025skilful,
  title = {Skilful global seasonal predictions from a machine learning weather model trained on reanalysis data},
  author = {Chris Kent and Adam A. Scaife and Nick J. Dunstone and Doug Smith and Steven C. Hardiman and Tom Dunstan and Oliver Watt-Meyer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.23953},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23953},
}

@article{springenberg2025diffscale,
  title = {DiffScale: Continuous Downscaling and Bias Correction of Subseasonal Wind Speed Forecasts using Diffusion Models},
  author = {Maximilian Springenberg and Noelia Otero and Yuxin Xue and Jackie Ma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.23893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23893},
}

@article{hao2025interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable Cross-Sphere Multiscale Deep Learning Predicts ENSO Skilfully Beyond 2 Years},
  author = {Rixu Hao and Yuxin Zhao and Shaoqing Zhang and Guihua Wang and Xiong Deng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.21211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21211},
}

@article{palma2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven Seasonal Climate Predictions via Variational Inference and Transformers},
  author = {Lluís Palma and Alejandro Peraza and David Civantos and Amanda Duarte and Stefano Materia and Ángel G. Muñoz and Jesús Peña-Izquierdo and Laia Romero and Albert Soret and Markus G. Donat},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.20466},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20466},
}

@article{xie2025climategs,
  title = {ClimateGS: Real-Time Climate Simulation with 3D Gaussian Style Transfer},
  author = {Yuezhen Xie and Meiying Zhang and Qi Hao},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.14845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14845},
}

@article{moustakas2025climate,
  title = {Climate land use and other drivers impacts on island ecosystem services: a global review},
  author = {Aristides Moustakas and Shiri Zemah-Shamir and Mirela Tase and Savvas Zotos and Nazli Demirel and Christos Zoumides and Irene Christoforidi and Turgay Dindaroglu and Tamer Albayrak and Cigdem Kaptan Ayhan and Mauro Fois and Paraskevi Manolaki and Attila D. Sandor and Ina Sieber and Valentini Stamatiadou and Elli Tzirkalli and Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis and Ziv Zemah-Shamir and George Zittis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.10278},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10278},
}

@article{prasse2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Climate Action: Computer Vision Analysis of Visual Narratives on X},
  author = {Katharina Prasse and Marcel Kleinmann and Inken Adam and Kerstin Beckersjuergen and Andreas Edte and Jona Frroku and Timotheus Gumpp and Steffen Jung and Isaac Bravo and Stefanie Walter and Margret Keuper},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.09361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09361},
}

@article{wei2025xai4extremes,
  title = {XAI4Extremes: An interpretable machine learning framework for understanding extreme-weather precursors under climate change},
  author = {Jiawen Wei and Aniruddha Bora and Vivek Oommen and Chenyu Dong and Juntao Yang and Jeff Adie and Chen Chen and Simon See and George Karniadakis and Gianmarco Mengaldo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.08163},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08163},
}

@article{zhao2025transforming,
  title = {Transforming Weather Data from Pixel to Latent Space},
  author = {Sijie Zhao and Feng Liu and Xueliang Zhang and Hao Chen and Tao Han and Junchao Gong and Ran Tao and Pengfeng Xiao and Lei Bai and Wanli Ouyang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.06623},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06623},
}

@article{wu2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-Driven Probabilistic Air-Sea Flux Parameterization},
  author = {Jiarong Wu and Pavel Perezhogin and David John Gagne and Brandon Reichl and Aneesh C. Subramanian and Elizabeth Thompson and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.03990},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03990},
}

@article{yang2025generative,
  title = {Generative assimilation and prediction for weather and climate},
  author = {Shangshang Yang and Congyi Nai and Xinyan Liu and Weidong Li and Jie Chao and Jingnan Wang and Leyi Wang and Xichen Li and Xi Chen and Bo Lu and Ziniu Xiao and Niklas Boers and Huiling Yuan and Baoxiang Pan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.03038},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03038},
}

@article{loganathan2025regional,
  title = {Regional climate projections using a deep-learning-based model-ranking and downscaling framework: Application to European climate zones},
  author = {Parthiban Loganathan and Elias Zea and Ricardo Vinuesa and Evelyn Otero},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.20132},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20132},
}

@article{fernandez2025multiyeartodecadal,
  title = {Multi-Year-to-Decadal Temperature Prediction using a Machine Learning Model-Analog Framework},
  author = {M. A. Fernandez and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.17583},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17583},
}

@article{wang2025condensnet,
  title = {CondensNet: Enabling stable long-term climate simulations via hybrid deep learning models with adaptive physical constraints},
  author = {Xin Wang and Jianda Chen and Juntao Yang and Jeff Adie and Simon See and Kalli Furtado and Chen Chen and Troy Arcomano and Romit Maulik and Wei Xue and Gianmarco Mengaldo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.13185},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13185},
}

@article{loon2025reanalysisbased,
  title = {Reanalysis-based Global Radiative Response to Sea Surface Temperature Patterns: Evaluating the Ai2 Climate Emulator},
  author = {Senne Van Loon and Maria Rugenstein and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10893},
}

@article{schwabe2025opportunities,
  title = {Opportunities and challenges of quantum computing for climate modelling},
  author = {Mierk Schwabe and Lorenzo Pastori and Inés de Vega and Pierre Gentine and Luigi Iapichino and Valtteri Lahtinen and Martin Leib and Jeanette M. Lorenz and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10488},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10488},
}

@article{pastori2025quantum,
  title = {Quantum Neural Networks for Cloud Cover Parameterizations in Climate Models},
  author = {Lorenzo Pastori and Arthur Grundner and Veronika Eyring and Mierk Schwabe},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10131},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10131},
}

@article{ale2025advancing,
  title = {Advancing climate model interpretability: Feature attribution for Arctic melt anomalies},
  author = {Tolulope Ale and Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel and Vandana P. Janeja},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.07741},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07741},
}

@article{meunier2025learning,
  title = {Learning to generate physical ocean states: Towards hybrid climate modeling},
  author = {Etienne Meunier and David Kamm and Guillaume Gachon and Redouane Lguensat and Julie Deshayes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.02499},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.02499},
}

@article{song2025physically,
  title = {Physically Interpretable Emulation of a Moist Convecting Atmosphere with a Recurrent Neural Network},
  author = {Qiyu Song and Zhiming Kuang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.08513},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08513},
}

@article{kassel2025utilizing,
  title = {Utilizing long memory and circulation patterns for stochastic forecasts of temperature extremes},
  author = {Johannes A. Kassel and Holger Kantz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.03267},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03267},
}

@article{he2025skillful,
  title = {Skillful High-Resolution Ensemble Precipitation Forecasting with an Integrated Deep Learning Framework},
  author = {Shuangshuang He and Hongli Liang and Yuanting Zhang and Xingyuan Yuan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.02905},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.02905},
}

@article{nath2024mercury,
  title = {MERCURY: A fast and versatile multi-resolution based global emulator of compound climate hazards},
  author = {Shruti Nath and Julie Carreau and Kai Kornhuber and Peter Pfleiderer and Carl-Friedrich Schleussner and Philippe Naveau},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2501.04018},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.04018},
}

@article{jiang2024lasse,
  title = {LASSE: Learning Active Sampling for Storm Tide Extremes in Non-Stationary Climate Regimes},
  author = {Grace Jiang and Jiangchao Qiu and Sai Ravela},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2501.00149},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00149},
}

@article{gou2024uncertainties,
  title = {Uncertainties of Satellite-based Essential Climate Variables from Deep Learning},
  author = {Junyang Gou and Arnt-Børre Salberg and Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi and Mohammad J. Tourian and Ulrich Meyer and Eva Boergens and Anders U. Waldeland and Isabella Velicogna and Fredrik Dahl and Adrian Jäggi and Konrad Schindler and Benedikt Soja},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.17506},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17506},
}

@article{wang2024paraformer,
  title = {Paraformer: Parameterization of Sub-grid Scale Processes Using Transformers},
  author = {Shuochen Wang and Nishant Yadav and Auroop R. Ganguly},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16763},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16763},
}

@article{shan2024correlation,
  title = {From Correlation to Causation: Understanding Climate Change through Causal Analysis and LLM Interpretations},
  author = {Shan Shan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16691},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16691},
}

@article{saha2024rapidb,
  title = {Rapid Climate Model Downscaling to Assess Risk of Extreme Rainfall in Bangladesh in a Warming Climate},
  author = {Anamitra Saha and Sai Ravela},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16407},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16407},
}

@article{schmidt2024generative,
  title = {A Generative Framework for Probabilistic, Spatiotemporally Coherent Downscaling of Climate Simulation},
  author = {Jonathan Schmidt and Luca Schmidt and Felix Strnad and Nicole Ludwig and Philipp Hennig},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.15361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15361},
}

@article{forootani2024climate,
  title = {Climate Aware Deep Neural Networks (CADNN) for Wind Power Simulation},
  author = {Ali Forootani and Danial Esmaeili Aliabadi and Daniela Thraen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.12160},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12160},
}

@article{wan2024regional,
  title = {Regional climate risk assessment from climate models using probabilistic machine learning},
  author = {Zhong Yi Wan and Ignacio Lopez-Gomez and Robert Carver and Tapio Schneider and John Anderson and Fei Sha and Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.08079},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08079},
}

@article{maddison2024online,
  title = {Online learning in idealized ocean gyres},
  author = {James R. Maddison},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.06393},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06393},
}

@article{clark2024ace2som,
  title = {ACE2-SOM: Coupling an ML atmospheric emulator to a slab ocean and learning the sensitivity of climate to changed CO$_2$},
  author = {Spencer K. Clark and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Anna Kwa and Jeremy McGibbon and Brian Henn and W. Andre Perkins and Elynn Wu and Lucas M. Harris and Christopher S. Bretherton},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.04418},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04418},
}

@article{shinde2024wxcbench,
  title = {WxC-Bench: A Novel Dataset for Weather and Climate Downstream Tasks},
  author = {Rajat Shinde and Christopher E. Phillips and Kumar Ankur and Aman Gupta and Simon Pfreundschuh and Sujit Roy and Sheyenne Kirkland and Vishal Gaur and Amy Lin and Aditi Sheshadri and Udaysankar Nair and Manil Maskey and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.02780},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02780},
}

@article{tian2024improving,
  title = {Improving sub-seasonal wind-speed forecasts in Europe with a non-linear model},
  author = {Ganglin Tian and Camille Le Coz and Anastase Alexandre Charantonis and Alexis Tantet and Naveen Goutham and Riwal Plougonven},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.19077},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19077},
}

@article{majumder2024density,
  title = {Density correction for multivariate spatial fields of global climate model output using deep learning},
  author = {Reetam Majumder and Shiqi Fang and A. Sankarasubramanian and Emily C. Hector and Brian J. Reich},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.18799},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.18799},
}

@article{guo2024maximizing,
  title = {Maximizing the Impact of Deep Learning on Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Climate Forecasting: The Essential Role of Optimization},
  author = {Yizhen Guo and Tian Zhou and Wanyi Jiang and Bo Wu and Liang Sun and Rong Jin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.16728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16728},
}

@article{chekroun2024kolmogorov,
  title = {Kolmogorov Modes and Linear Response of Jump-Diffusion Models},
  author = {Mickaël D. Chekroun and Niccolò Zagli and Valerio Lucarini},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14769},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14769},
}

@article{giani2024origin,
  title = {Origin and Limits of Invariant Warming Patterns in Climate Models},
  author = {Paolo Giani and Arlene M. Fiore and Glenn Flierl and Raffaele Ferrari and Noelle E. Selin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14183},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14183},
}

@article{yan2024adjointbased,
  title = {Adjoint-based online learning of two-layer quasi-geostrophic baroclinic turbulence},
  author = {Fei Er Yan and Hugo Frezat and Julien Le Sommer and Julian Mak and Karl Otness},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14106},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14106},
}

@article{chishtie2024advancing,
  title = {Advancing Heatwave Forecasting via Distribution Informed-Graph Neural Networks (DI-GNNs): Integrating Extreme Value Theory with GNNs},
  author = {Farrukh A. Chishtie and Dominique Brunet and Rachel H. White and Daniel Michelson and Jing Jiang and Vicky Lucas and Emily Ruboonga and Sayana Imaash and Melissa Westland and Timothy Chui and Rana Usman Ali and Mujtaba Hassan and Roland Stull and David Hudak},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.13496},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.13496},
}

@article{wattmeyer2024ace2,
  title = {ACE2: Accurately learning subseasonal to decadal atmospheric variability and forced responses},
  author = {Oliver Watt-Meyer and Brian Henn and Jeremy McGibbon and Spencer K. Clark and Anna Kwa and W. Andre Perkins and Elynn Wu and Lucas Harris and Christopher S. Bretherton},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.11268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11268},
}

@article{eftekhari2024building,
  title = {Building Interpretable Climate Emulators for Economics},
  author = {Aryan Eftekhari and Doris Folini and Aleksandra Friedl and Felix Kübler and Simon Scheidegger and Olaf Schenk},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10768},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10768},
}

@article{quilodrancasas2024unearthing,
  title = {Towards unearthing neglected climate innovations from scientific literature using Large Language Models},
  author = {César Quilodrán-Casas and Christopher Waite and Nicole Alhadeff and Diyona Dsouza and Cathal Hughes and Larissa Kunstel-Tabet and Alyssa Gilbert},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10055},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10055},
}

@article{hou2024investesg,
  title = {InvestESG: A multi-agent reinforcement learning benchmark for studying climate investment as a social dilemma},
  author = {Xiaoxuan Hou and Jiayi Yuan and Joel Z. Leibo and Natasha Jaques},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.09856},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.09856},
}

@article{agarwal2024spatially,
  title = {Spatially Regularized Graph Attention Autoencoder Framework for Detecting Rainfall Extremes},
  author = {Mihir Agarwal and Progyan Das and Udit Bhatia},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.07753},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07753},
}

@article{gultekin2024analysis,
  title = {An Analysis of Deep Learning Parameterizations for Ocean Subgrid Eddy Forcing},
  author = {Cem Gultekin and Adam Subel and Cheng Zhang and Matan Leibovich and Pavel Perezhogin and Alistair Adcroft and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.06604},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06604},
}

@article{xu2024hiha,
  title = {HiHa: Introducing Hierarchical Harmonic Decomposition to Implicit Neural Compression for Atmospheric Data},
  author = {Zhewen Xu and Baoxiang Pan and Hongliang Li and Xiaohui Wei},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.06155},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06155},
}

@article{buster2024tackling,
  title = {Tackling extreme urban heat: a machine learning approach to assess the impacts of climate change and the efficacy of climate adaptation strategies in urban microclimates},
  author = {Grant Buster and Jordan Cox and Brandon N. Benton and Ryan N. King},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05952},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05952},
}

@article{gonzalezabad2024deep,
  title = {Are Deep Learning Methods Suitable for Downscaling Global Climate Projections? An Intercomparison for Temperature and Precipitation over Spain},
  author = {Jose González-Abad and José Manuel Gutiérrez},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05850},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05850},
}

@article{willmes2024anticipatory,
  title = {Anticipatory Understanding of Resilient Agriculture to Climate},
  author = {David Willmes and Nick Krall and James Tanis and Zachary Terner and Fernando Tavares and Chris Miller and Joe Haberlin and Matt Crichton and Alexander Schlichting},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05219},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05219},
}

@article{balogh2024online,
  title = {Online Test of a Neural Network Deep Convection Parameterization in ARP-GEM1},
  author = {Blanka Balogh and David Saint-Martin and Olivier Geoffroy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.21920},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21920},
}

@article{saleem2024aute,
  title = {A-UTE: Advection Informed, Uncertainty Aware Temperature Emulator},
  author = {Hira Saleem and Flora Salim and Cormac Purcell},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.21657},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21657},
}

@article{ullrich2024recommendations,
  title = {Recommendations for Comprehensive and Independent Evaluation of Machine Learning-Based Earth System Models},
  author = {Paul A. Ullrich and Elizabeth A. Barnes and William D. Collins and Katherine Dagon and Shiheng Duan and Joshua Elms and Jiwoo Lee and L. Ruby Leung and Dan Lu and Maria J. Molina and Travis A. O'Brien and Finn O. Rebassoo},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.19882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19882},
}

@article{wasi2024dhoroni,
  title = {Dhoroni: Exploring Bengali Climate Change and Environmental Views with a Multi-Perspective News Dataset and Natural Language Processing},
  author = {Azmine Toushik Wasi and Wahid Faisal and Taj Ahmad and Abdur Rahman and Mst Rafia Islam},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.17225},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17225},
}

@article{davis2024spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatio-temporal Multivariate Cluster Evolution Analysis for Detecting and Tracking Climate Impacts},
  author = {Warren L. Davis and Max Carlson and Irina Tezaur and Diana Bull and Kara Peterson and Laura Swiler},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.16544},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.16544},
}

@article{gong2024deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Weather Forecasting: A CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model for Predicting Historical Temperature Data},
  author = {Yuhao Gong and Yuchen Zhang and Fei Wang and Chi-Han Lee},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14963},
}

@article{divyaprakash2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Superdroplet Growth Rates Using DNS Data},
  author = {Divyaprakash and Nikita N. Makwana and Amitabh Bhattacharya and Bipin Kumar},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.13890},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13890},
}

@article{ruddjones2024crafting,
  title = {Crafting Desirable Climate Trajectories with RL Explored Socio-Environmental Simulations},
  author = {James Rudd-Jones and Fiona Thendean and María Pérez-Ortiz},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.07287},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07287},
}

@article{bazgir2024qesm,
  title = {QESM: A Leap Towards Quantum-Enhanced ML Emulation Framework for Earth and Climate Modeling},
  author = {Adib Bazgir and Yuwen Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.01551},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01551},
}

@article{yang2024simple,
  title = {A simple emulator that enables interpretation of parameter-output relationships, applied to two climate model PPEs},
  author = {Qingyuan Yang and Gregory S Elsaesser and Marcus Van Lier-Walqui and Trude Eidhammer},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.00931},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00931},
}

@article{costa2024climate,
  title = {Climate Adaptation with Reinforcement Learning: Experiments with Flooding and Transportation in Copenhagen},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Morten W. Petersen and Arthur Vandervoort and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.18574},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18574},
}

@article{brown2024random,
  title = {Random Forest Regression Feature Importance for Climate Impact Pathway Detection},
  author = {Meredith G. L. Brown and Matt Peterson and Irina Tezaur and Kara Peterson and Diana Bull},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16609},
}

@article{zhou2024new,
  title = {New Insights into Global Warming: End-to-End Visual Analysis and Prediction of Temperature Variations},
  author = {Meihua Zhou and Nan Wan and Tianlong Zheng and Hanwen Xu and Li Yang and Tingting Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16311},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16311},
}

@article{cresswellclay2024deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Earth System Model for Efficient Simulation of the Observed Climate},
  author = {Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay and Bowen Liu and Dale Durran and Zihui Liu and Zachary I. Espinosa and Raul Moreno and Matthias Karlbauer},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16247},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16247},
}

@article{potter2024graph,
  title = {Graph Convolutional Neural Networks as Surrogate Models for Climate Simulation},
  author = {Kevin Potter and Carianne Martinez and Reina Pradhan and Samantha Brozak and Steven Sleder and Lauren Wheeler},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.12815},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12815},
}

@article{bassetti2024diffesm,
  title = {DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models with 3D Diffusion Models},
  author = {Seth Bassetti and Brian Hutchinson and Claudia Tebaldi and Ben Kravitz},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.11601},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11601},
}

@article{mayer2024transfer,
  title = {Can Transfer Learning be Used to Identify Tropical State-Dependent Bias Relevant to Midlatitude Subseasonal Predictability?},
  author = {Kirsten J. Mayer and Katherine Dagon and Maria J. Molina},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.10755},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10755},
}

@article{shmuel2024global,
  title = {Global Lightning-Ignited Wildfires Prediction and Climate Change Projections based on Explainable Machine Learning Models},
  author = {Assaf Shmuel and Teddy Lazebnik and Oren Glickman and Eyal Heifetz and Colin Price},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.10046},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10046},
}

@article{huang2024deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for predicting rate-induced tipping},
  author = {Yu Huang and Sebastian Bathiany and Peter Ashwin and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07590},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07590},
}

@article{lien2024liangkleeman,
  title = {A Liang-Kleeman Causality Analysis based on Linear Inverse Modeling},
  author = {Justin Lien},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06797},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06797},
}

@article{scheuerer2024applications,
  title = {Applications of machine learning to predict seasonal precipitation for East Africa},
  author = {Michael Scheuerer and Claudio Heinrich-Mertsching and Titike K. Bahaga and Masilin Gudoshava and Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06238},
}

@article{dutta2024aqpinns,
  title = {AQ-PINNs: Attention-Enhanced Quantum Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Carbon-Efficient Climate Modeling},
  author = {Siddhant Dutta and Nouhaila Innan and Sadok Ben Yahia and Muhammad Shafique},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.01626},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01626},
}

@article{liu2024realtime,
  title = {Real-Time Multi-Scene Visibility Enhancement for Promoting Navigational Safety of Vessels Under Complex Weather Conditions},
  author = {Ryan Wen Liu and Yuxu Lu and Yuan Gao and Yu Guo and Wenqi Ren and Fenghua Zhu and Fei-Yue Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.01500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01500},
}

@article{jimenezesteve2024aidriven,
  title = {AI-driven weather forecasts enable anticipated attribution of extreme events to human-made climate change},
  author = {Bernat Jiménez-Esteve and David Barriopedro and Juan Emmanuel Johnson and Ricardo Garcia-Herrera},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16433},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16433},
}

@article{nath2024rain,
  title = {RAIN: Reinforcement Algorithms for Improving Numerical Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Pritthijit Nath and Henry Moss and Emily Shuckburgh and Mark Webb},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16118},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16118},
}

@article{yu2024climdetect,
  title = {ClimDetect: A Benchmark Dataset for Climate Change Detection and Attribution},
  author = {Sungduk Yu and Brian L. White and Anahita Bhiwandiwalla and Musashi Hinck and Matthew Lyle Olson and Yaniv Gurwicz and Raanan Y. Rohekar and Tung Nguyen and Vasudev Lal},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.15993},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15993},
}

@article{effenberger2024turbine,
  title = {Turbine location-aware multi-decadal wind power predictions for Germany using CMIP6},
  author = {Nina Effenberger and Nicole Ludwig},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.14889},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.14889},
}

@article{bracco2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for the Physics of Climate},
  author = {Annalisa Bracco and Julien Brajard and Henk A. Dijkstra and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Christian Lessig and Claire Monteleoni},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.09627},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.09627},
}

@article{shukla2024dune,
  title = {DUNE: A Machine Learning Deep UNet++ based Ensemble Approach to Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Climate Forecasting},
  author = {Pratik Shukla and Milton Halem},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.06262},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06262},
}

@article{sorensen2024probabilistic,
  title = {A probabilistic framework for learning non-intrusive corrections to long-time climate simulations from short-time training data},
  author = {Benedikt Barthel Sorensen and Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez and Ignacio Lopez-Gomez and Zhong Yi Wan and Rob Carver and Fei Sha and Themistoklis Sapsis},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.02688},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02688},
}

@article{pottinger2024climatedriven,
  title = {Climate-Driven Doubling of U.S. Maize Loss Probability: Interactive Simulation with Neural Network Monte Carlo},
  author = {A Samuel Pottinger and Lawson Connor and Brookie Guzder-Williams and Maya Weltman-Fahs and Nick Gondek and Timothy Bowles},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.02217},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02217},
}

@article{beucler2024distilling,
  title = {Distilling Machine Learning's Added Value: Pareto Fronts in Atmospheric Applications},
  author = {Tom Beucler and Arthur Grundner and Sara Shamekh and Peter Ukkonen and Matthew Chantry and Ryan Lagerquist},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.02161},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02161},
}

@article{ho2024quantum,
  title = {Quantum Computing for Climate Resilience and Sustainability Challenges},
  author = {Kin Tung Michael Ho and Kuan-Cheng Chen and Lily Lee and Felix Burt and Shang Yu and Po-Heng and Lee},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.16296},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.16296},
}

@article{ke2024low,
  title = {Low latency carbon budget analysis reveals a large decline of the land carbon sink in 2023},
  author = {Piyu Ke and Philippe Ciais and Stephen Sitch and Wei Li and Ana Bastos and Zhu Liu and Yidi Xu and Xiaofan Gui and Jiang Bian and Daniel S Goll and Yi Xi and Wanjing Li and Michael O'Sullivan and Jeffeson Goncalves de Souza and Pierre Friedlingstein and Frederic Chevallier},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.12447},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12447},
}

@article{pahlavan2024importance,
  title = {On the importance of learning non-local dynamics for stable data-driven climate modeling: A 1D gravity wave-QBO testbed},
  author = {Hamid A. Pahlavan and Pedram Hassanzadeh and M. Joan Alexander},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.05224},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.05224},
}