@article{boscu2026ai,
  title = {AI Emulation of Stochastic Sudden Stratospheric Warming with Interpretable Latent Structure},
  author = {C. Daniel Boscu and Daniel Hernandez and Fabio Alvarez Ventura and Justin Finkel and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Dorian S. Abbot},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.02069},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02069},
}

@article{enescu2026unsupervised,
  title = {Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Enhanced Radiometer Image Precipitation Estimation using Conditional Flow Matching},
  author = {Victor Enescu and Assaad Zeghina and Matthieu Meignin and Nicolas Viltard and Cécile Mallet},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.01890},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01890},
}

@article{pennino2026vardasingle10,
  title = {Varda-single-1.0: deterministic data-driven weather forecasting at 1 km resolution over Switzerland's complex topography},
  author = {Alberto Pennino and Francesco Zanetta and Michele Cattaneo and Claire Merker and Radi Radev and Jonas Bhend and Louis Frey and Hugues de Laroussilhe and Ophélia Miralles and Carlos Osuna and Daniele Nerini and Andreas Pauling and Daniel Hupp and Ulrich Hamann and Mary McGlohon and Marti Bosch and Luca Lanzilao and Marco Arpagaus and Lukas Jansing and Daniel Leuenberger and Mark A. Liniger and Katrin Ehlert and Matthew Chantry and Håvard Homleid Haugen and Gert Mertes and Ana Prieto Nemesio and Mario Santa Cruz and Jasper Wijnands and Gabriel Moldovan and Harrison Cook and Oliver Fuhrer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.01835},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01835},
}

@article{hui2026explaining,
  title = {Explaining El Niño Forecasts with the Average Gradient Outer Product},
  author = {Yuan Hui and Dorian S. Abbot and Robert J. Webber},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.01095},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01095},
}

@article{biswas2026weather,
  title = {Weather Jiu-Jitsu: Exploring the Feasibility of Control Paradigms in Weather Foundation Models},
  author = {Prakriti Biswas and Kobi Abayomi and Upmanu Lall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.00792},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00792},
}

@article{huang2026benchmarking,
  title = {Benchmarking Generative Models for Weather Data Assimilation on Real Station Observations},
  author = {Ruizhe Huang and Qidong Yang and Jonathan Giezendanner and Sherrie Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.00728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00728},
}

@article{li2026stcformer,
  title = {STCFormer: Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Modeling with Dynamic Cluster Transformer for Station-based Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Rongwen Li and Haixin Xie and Mingyang Wang and Hongwu Liu and Kun Fang and Changjian Chen and Zhuo Tang and Kenli Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2610.00377},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00377},
}

@article{marey2026less,
  title = {Less is more: error-distance scaling relation for data-efficient kilometer-scale downscaling of extreme heat},
  author = {Ahmed Marey and Henry Lu and Abhishek Gaur and Sherif Goubran and Malek Aloui and Theodore Potsis and David Rolnick and Alex Hernandez-Garcia and Liangzhu Leon Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.40140},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.40140},
}

@article{lemaire2026rainatlas,
  title = {RainAtlas: A Multi-Continental Dataset for Precipitation Downscaling},
  author = {Pierre-Louis Lemaire and Luca Schmidt and Wietze Suijker and Alex Hernandez-Garcia and David Rolnick},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.39833},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39833},
}

@article{kurth2026library,
  title = {A library for differentiable signal processing and machine learning on the sphere},
  author = {Thorsten Kurth and Max Rietmann and Mauro Bisson and Andrea Paris and Alberto Carpentieri and Jean Kossaifi and Anima Anandkumar and Christian Hundt and Boris Bonev},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.39737},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39737},
}

@article{leung2026butterfly,
  title = {Butterfly Effect Confirmed in Global AI Weather Models: Evidence from Tropical Cyclone Forecasting},
  author = {Jeremy Cheuk-Hin Leung and Daosheng Xu and Weiye Yu and Shaojing Zhang and Xiaodong Zeng and Gaozhen Nie and Jie Feng and Jingchen Pu and Yi Li and Kaijun Ren and Qingcun Zeng and Banglin Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.39379},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39379},
}

@article{park2026proper,
  title = {Proper Scoring Rule-based Diffusion for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Joonhyeong Park and Giung Nam and Hyungi Lee and Kyunghyun Cho and Byoungwoo Park and Juho Lee},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.38632},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38632},
}

@article{hamill2026methodological,
  title = {Methodological Changes to the Attention ResUNet Hourly Precipitation Postprocessor},
  author = {Thomas M. Hamill},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.38609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38609},
}

@article{mello2026inputfrugal,
  title = {An Input-Frugal Deep Learning Framework for Weather-Driven National Crop-Yield Forecasting: A Case Study of Brazilian Soybean},
  author = {Fernando Dupin da Cunha Mello and Prashant Kumar and Erick G. Sperandio Nascimento},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.38447},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38447},
}

@article{nagashima2026physicsguided,
  title = {Physics-Guided Flow-Map Matching for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Shunya Nagashima and Takumi Bannai and Makoto Misaizu and Keisuke Maeda and Takahiro Ogawa and Miki Haseyama},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.37487},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37487},
}

@article{xu2026nowcastdit,
  title = {NowcastDiT: Diffusion Transformers are Effective Precipitation Nowcasters},
  author = {Haoran Xu and Xingzhuo Guo and Yuchen Zhang and Jincheng Zhong and Jianmin Wang and Mingsheng Long},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.37038},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.37038},
}

@article{pastine2026neural,
  title = {A neural network-based Universal Thermal Climate Index for reliable global thermal-stress classification across extreme weather},
  author = {Bikem Pastine and Milan Klöwer and Tianning Tang and Sarah Wilson Kemsley and Louise Slater},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.35949},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35949},
}

@article{erickson2026explainable,
  title = {Explainable Deep Learning for Probabilistic Nowcasting of Radar Reflectivity in Tornadic Storms},
  author = {Nathan Erickson and Amy McGovern and Aaron Hill},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.35675},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35675},
}

@article{liu2026safe,
  title = {Safe Greenhouse Climate Control Using Lagrangian-Constrained PPO with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks},
  author = {Hangzun Liu and Yuling Fan and Fang Tian and Zhilong Bie and Zaiwen Feng and Yongliang Qiao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.34966},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34966},
}

@article{wang2026mwnowcast,
  title = {MW-Nowcast: Six-hour ensemble nowcasting of extreme precipitation},
  author = {Ning Wang and Zuliang Fang and Weixin Jin and Zhongjian Lv and Shuang Qin and Pengcheng Zhao and Siqi Xiang and Jiang Bian and Haoyi Xiong and Nan Guan and Bin Zhang and Liangjie Zhang and Denvy Deng and Qi Zhang and Matt Corey and Jitu Keshri and Sridhar Iyer and Hongyu Sun and Kit Thambiratnam and Jonathan Weyn and Richard E. Turner and Haiyu Dong},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.34836},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34836},
}

@article{bao2026predicting,
  title = {Predicting Delayed Train Trajectories on the Dutch Railway Network: Explainable AI Evaluation of Topological, Operational and Weather Features with Tree Based Ensemble Methods},
  author = {Jia Long Bao and Ali Mohammed Mansoor Alsahag and Seyed Sahand Mohammadi Ziabari},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.34692},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34692},
}

@article{ciais2026low,
  title = {Low latency global carbon budget reveals strong land sink recovery in 2025},
  author = {Philippe Ciais and Piyu Ke and Xiangjun Tian and Stephen Sitch and Wei Li and Xiaomeng Du and Xiaofan Gui and Ben Poulter and Thomas Colligan and Auke M. van der Woude and Anne-Wil van den Berg and Wouter Peters and Zhu Liu and Zhu Deng and Zhe Jin and Yilong Wang and Junjie Liu and Sudhanshu Pandey and Chris O'Dell and Jiang Bian and John Miller and Xin Lan and Jefferson Goncalves De Souza and Michael O'Sullivan and Pierre Friedlingstein and Youngryel Ryu and Helin Zhang and Julien Alléon and Yi Xi and Daniel S. Goll and Lei Zhu and Guido R. van der Werf and Yitong Yao and Shilong Piao and Frédéric Chevallier},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.34226},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34226},
}

@article{ozaytac2026statd2gan,
  title = {StatD2GAN: When Calibration Masks Generator Quality in Held-Out Evaluation of Synthetic Weather Sequences},
  author = {Mustafa Ozaytac and Ozge Karadag Atas},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.33761},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.33761},
}

@article{nath2026suitable,
  title = {Suitable Measures for the Potential Operational Utility of AI NWP Rainfall Forecasts Over Africa},
  author = {Shruti Nath and Docko Sow and Koomi Toussaint Amoussouvi and Fenwick Cooper and Josiah Kiarie Kimani and John Bagiliko and Florian Pappenberger and Rendani Mbuvha},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.31775},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31775},
}

@article{zhao2026learning,
  title = {Learning Hierarchical Causal Representations of the Effects of Forcings on Temperature in Climate Models},
  author = {Shan Zhao and Ilija Trajkovic and Julia Kaltenborn and Yaniv Gurwicz and Peer Nowack and David Rolnick and Julien Boussard},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.30995},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30995},
}

@article{thiel2026mechanismaware,
  title = {Mechanism-Aware Ensemble Conditioning for Data-Limited Emulation of Extreme Events},
  author = {Isabella S. Thiel and Juan Bello-Rivas and Yannis G. Kevrekidis and Themistoklis P. Sapsis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.30746},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30746},
}

@article{zhai2026limits,
  title = {On the Limits of Univariate Deep Learning for Significant Wave Height Forecasting},
  author = {Yilin Zhai and Hongyuan Shi and Zaijin You},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.30688},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30688},
}

@article{fan2026understanding,
  title = {Understanding Perturbed Parameter Ensemble Sensitivities Using A Contrastive Learning Approach},
  author = {Da Fan and David John Gagne and Gregory S Elsaesser and Brian Medeiros and Addisu G Semie and Qingyuan Yang and Akila Sampath and Subashree Venkatasubramanian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.30420},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30420},
}

@article{mclean2026lightweight,
  title = {Lightweight Probabilistic Downscaling from a Deterministic Base Model},
  author = {Joseph McLean and Tiffany Vlaar and Sigrid Passano Hellan and Linus Ericsson},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.29383},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29383},
}

@article{xu2026generative,
  title = {Generative Atmospheric Super-Resolution from Heterogeneous In Situ Observations through Composable Interfaces},
  author = {Yang Xu and Dibyajyoti Chakraborty and Haiwen Guan and Sen Wang and Romit Maulik},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.29027},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29027},
}

@article{qian2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating Cross-region Generalization for Wavelet-Diffusion Precipitation Downscaling},
  author = {Weikang Qian and Yixin Wen and Chugang Yi and Zhi Li and Lingcheng Li and Haizhao Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.28749},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28749},
}

@article{nowak2026hclimrepocean,
  title = {HClimRep-Ocean: A Global Ocean Emulator on an Unstructured Mesh},
  author = {Kacper Nowak and Aleksei Koldunov and Nikolay Koldunov and Savvas Melidonis and Ankit Patnala and Simon Grasse and Julius Polz and Christian Lessig and Martin Schultz and Thomas Jung},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.28601},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28601},
}

@article{lee2026pisces,
  title = {PISCES: Physics-Informed Solar-wind Convolutional autoEncoder for Space-weather Anomaly Detection and Early Warning},
  author = {Kevin Lee and Alison J. March},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.28022},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28022},
}

@article{chegini2026sparseobservation,
  title = {Sparse-Observation Atmospheric Thermal Forecasting with Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Climate-Aware Digital Twins},
  author = {Tannaz Goodarzvand Chegini and Elyas Shivanian and Behzad Karimi and Faraz Dadgostari},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.27290},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27290},
}

@article{walter2026analysis,
  title = {Analysis of trade-offs in urban heat mitigation using a Bayesian Optimization framework for an urban canopy layer model},
  author = {Rebekka Walter and Johanna Gelhaus and David Anton and Henning Wessles and Stephan Weber},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.25953},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25953},
}

@article{skok2026dataset,
  title = {A dataset of one-dimensional idealized probabilistic fields},
  author = {Gregor Skok and Romain Pic},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.25720},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25720},
}

@article{rouzegari2026westwrf,
  title = {West-WRF AI 2-km: High-Resolution Prediction of Integrated Vapor Transport and Precipitation},
  author = {Nazak Rouzegari and Vesta Afzali Gorooh and Agniv Sengupta and Phu Nguyen and Kuo-Lin Hsu and Amir AghaKouchak and Soroosh Sorooshian and F. Martin Ralph and Luca Delle Monache},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.25512},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25512},
}

@article{xiao2026fastml,
  title = {FAST-ML: A Hybrid Physics-Machine Learning Framework for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting},
  author = {Shijie Xiao and Jonathan Lin and Thomas Ehrmann and Ali Sarhadi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.25505},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25505},
}

@article{schonfeld2026learning,
  title = {Learning Prognostic Variables for AI Convective Parameterizations via Symbolic Distillation},
  author = {Jurij Schönfeld and Tom Beucler and Julien Savre and Steven Sherwood and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.24882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24882},
}

@article{budnick2026inference,
  title = {Inference of Unknown Dynamical Components Using Next Generation Reservoir Computing: From Chaotic Systems to Climate Data},
  author = {Jule Budnick and Andrew Keane and Serhiy Yanchuk},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.24754},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24754},
}

@article{cerdabautista2026climate,
  title = {Climate Variability Modulates the Impact of Price Spikes on Food Insecurity},
  author = {Jordi Cerdà-Bautista and Vasileios Sitokonstantinou and Homer Durand and Gherardo Varando and Michele Ronco and Gustau Camps-Valls},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.24394},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24394},
}

@article{clark2026regional,
  title = {From Regional to Global: Transfer Learning for Atmospheric Transport Emulators},
  author = {Jeff Clark and Elena Fillola and Nawid Keshtmand and Raul Santos-Rodriguez and Matthew Rigby},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.23838},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23838},
}

@article{hess2026climtipgml,
  title = {ClimTip-GML: A global bias-corrected and downscaled dataset for assessing impacts of climate tipping events},
  author = {Philipp Hess and Sebastian Bathiany and Lucas Ferreira Correa and Laura C. Jackson and Casey R. Patrizio and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.23149},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23149},
}

@article{srivastava2026diffusionbased,
  title = {Diffusion-Based Super-Resolution of Adriatic Sea Oceanographic Fields},
  author = {Rajat Srivastava and Muhammad Sarmad and Emanuele Mele and Massimo Cafaro and Marco Pulimeno and Italo Epicoco},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.22574},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22574},
}

@article{pic2026spatial,
  title = {Spatial Aggregation of ROC and Precision-Recall Curves},
  author = {Romain Pic and Zhongwei Zhang and Sebastian Engelke and Johanna Ziegel},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.19517},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19517},
}

@article{valva2026more,
  title = {A more predictable Madden-Julian Oscillation index derived from Koopman spectral analysis},
  author = {Claire Valva and Edwin P. Gerber},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.19435},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19435},
}

@article{chen2026butterfly,
  title = {Butterfly Effect and the Kinetic Energy Cascade in Probabilistic Machine Learning Weather Prediction Models},
  author = {Jiakai Chen and Joel Oskarsson and Simon Driscoll and Sebastian Schemm},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.18489},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18489},
}

@article{elberkennou2026every,
  title = {Every Fixed Metric Has a Blind Spot: A Learned Atmospheric Critic for Scoring Forecast Realism},
  author = {Younes Elberkennou and Dmitri Demler and Thierry Meier and Luca Rispoli and Fanny Lehmann and Joel Oskarsson},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.18381},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.18381},
}

@article{camilletti2026irene,
  title = {IRENE: A Convolutional GRU Ensemble Model for Radar Precipitation Nowcasting over Italy},
  author = {Alessandro Camilletti and Gabriele Franch and Elena Tomasi and Marco Cristoforetti},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.17175},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.17175},
}

@article{shu2026predictabilityguided,
  title = {Predictability-Guided Multiscale Probabilistic Forecasting of Wind Direction under Extreme Shear},
  author = {Hailong Shu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.16707},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16707},
}

@article{yang2026selfdiagnosing,
  title = {A Self-Diagnosing Structural Error-Aware Parameter Estimation Method for Earth System Models},
  author = {Qingyuan Yang and Addisu G Semie and Brian Medeiros and Gregory S Elsaesser and Da Fan and Wayne Chuang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.16210},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16210},
}

@article{morsing2026aries,
  title = {Aries: A Proprietary Medium-Range Weather Prediction Model for the Energy Industry},
  author = {Lukas Hedegaard Morsing and Arian Bakhtiarnia and Jonas Lynge Olesen and Tómas Bragi Björnsson Leth and Christian Gøbel Bach},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.13292},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13292},
}

@article{fahad2026physicsml,
  title = {A Physics--ML Multi-Fidelity Strategy for Earth System Model Parameter Optimization: A QG Proof-of-Concept},
  author = {Abdullah A. Fahad and Manmeet Singh and Donifan Barahona and Anton Darmenov and Andrea Molod},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.13275},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13275},
}

@article{kieckhefen20264d,
  title = {4D Parallelism Unlocks Exascale Bayesian Neural Networks for High-Fidelity Atmospheric Modeling},
  author = {Deifilia Kieckhefen and Juan Pedro Gutiérrez Hermosillo Muriedas and Lars Helge Heyen and Mathis Bode and Iida Hakulinen and Andreas Herten and Chelsea Maria John and Thorsten Kurth and Anni Moisala and Asena Karolin Özdemir and Kaleb Phipps and Oskar Taubert and Arvid Weyrauch and Markus Götz and Charlotte Debus},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.12815},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12815},
}

@article{dubey2026optimizing,
  title = {Optimizing Geoengineering Interventions Using Differentiable Climate Models},
  author = {Pulkit Dubey and Dorian S. Abbot and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.12528},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12528},
}

@article{perera2026automated,
  title = {Automated Detection and Structuring of Social Tipping Point Evidence in Climate related Documents: A Modular AI Framework},
  author = {Kavindu Perera and Mohammad Abaeiani and Ekaterina Gilman and Lauri Loven and Mourad Oussalah and Tassos Kanellos and Beatrice Gobbo and Dante Adami and Nicolò Ferriani and Maximiliano Romero and Pierre Rossel and Marc Bonazountas and Christina Deligianni and Nikos Xyderis and Artur Bogucki and Lampros Argyriou and Prasasthy Balasubramanian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.12254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12254},
}

@article{bazlen2026windbench,
  title = {WIND-Bench: A Benchmark Dataset for In-Situ Near-Surface Wind Speed Observations Across the Conterminous United States},
  author = {Kyla Bazlen and Grant Buster and Brandon Benton and Lauren North and Ansley Baring and David D. Turner and Emily Wells and Laura Vimmerstedt},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.12228},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12228},
}

@article{lima2026stresstesting,
  title = {Stress-Testing Dynamical and Generative Downscaling Using Subseasonal Extreme Precipitation Forecasts},
  author = {Mauricio Lima and Marika Koukoula and Romain Pilon and Monika Feldmann and Erwan Koch and Daniela I. V. Domeisen and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.11696},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11696},
}

@article{avireddy2026steering,
  title = {Steering Diffusion Priors with Sparse Observations for High-Resolution Temperature Downscaling},
  author = {Anirudh Avireddy and Manmeet Singh and Shivanshi Singh and Ayush Raj and Saptarishi Dhanuka and Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay and Sandeep Juneja},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.09247},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.09247},
}

@article{donno2026neptune,
  title = {Neptune: An AI model for Global Ocean Subseasonal Prediction},
  author = {Davide Donno and Italo Epicoco and Massimo Cafaro and Gabriele Accarino and Mohammad M. Amirian and Viviana Acquaviva and Paola Nassisi and Doroteaciro Iovino and Annalisa Bracco and Simona Masina and Pierre Gentine},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08606},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08606},
}

@article{adamov2026stochastically,
  title = {Stochastically Perturbed Weights: Ensembles from Deterministic Machine-Learning Weather Models},
  author = {Simon Adamov and Oliver Fuhrer and Reto Knutti and Sebastian Schemm},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08412},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08412},
}

@article{meinshausen2026gcmagicc,
  title = {GCMagicc v1: a fast generative emulator for multivariate climate-impact ensembles},
  author = {Nicolai Meinshausen and Malte Meinshausen and Jared Lewis and Zebedee Nicholls and Sarah Schöngart and Alister Self and Xinwei Shen and Karla Spiller and Elisabeth Vogel},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08383},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08383},
}

@article{kim2026eastasiaclimateextremes,
  title = {EastAsiaClimateExtremes: An AI-Ready Dataset of Weekly Atmospheric and Oceanic Extremes over East Asia for Subseasonal Prediction Research},
  author = {Miae Kim and Yun-Young Lee and Uran Chung},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.08241},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08241},
}

@article{yu2026climatemodernbert,
  title = {Climate-ModernBERT: Revisiting Corpus Composition for Domain-Adaptive Continued Pretraining},
  author = {Yongan Yu and Shantam Raj and Jingwei Ni and Ario Saeid Vaghefi and Dominik Stammbach and Markus Leippold},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.07798},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07798},
}

@article{lakatos2026statistical,
  title = {Statistical versus machine learning-based spatial interpolation of post-processed ensemble weather forecasts},
  author = {Mária Lakatos},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.07512},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07512},
}

@article{sun2026pcsdiff,
  title = {PCSDiff: Diffusion-Based Bias Correction and Super Resolution Toward Practical Operational Medium-Term Precipitation Forecast},
  author = {Yuze Sun and Shiyi Wang and Jiancheng Pan and Die Wang and Andreas F. Prein and Wentao Luo and Linhan Jiang and Jie Wu and Quan Zhang and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.06942},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.06942},
}

@article{partio2026nowcasting,
  title = {From Nowcasting to Forecasting: Adapting a Reanalysis-Trained},
  author = {Mikko Partio and Leila Hieta and Ossi Laine},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.03763},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03763},
}

@article{giani2026radiative,
  title = {Radiative and Dynamical Controls on the Land-Ocean Warming Contrast in Climate Models},
  author = {Paolo Giani and Arlene M. Fiore and Raffaele Ferrari and Paul A. O'Gorman and Vincent T. Cooper and Noelle E. Selin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.03658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03658},
}

@article{rasp2026weathernext,
  title = {WeatherNext 3: Increasing resolution and performance of global weather models with raw observations},
  author = {Stephan Rasp and Boris Babenko and Dominic Masters and Andrew El-Kadi and Samier Merchant and Guy Shalev and Ilan Price and Fred Zyda and Remi Lam and Sasha Shysheya and Matthew Willson and Stratis Markou and Shreya Agrawal and Suhani Vora and Mohammed Alewi Hassen and Sunny Mak and Tom R. Andersson and Megan Bela and Akib Uddin and Nofar Peled Levi and Ben Gaiarin and Ferran Alet and Aaron Bell and Peter Battaglia and Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.03582},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03582},
}

@article{schmitt2026improving,
  title = {Improving precipitation forecasts in an AI weather model using observational data},
  author = {Julian F. Schmitt and Bertrand Delorme and Robert C. King and Yashica Patodia and Tapio Schneider and Aditi Sheshadri and Ravi Jain},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.03210},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03210},
}

@article{vandal2026distilling,
  title = {Distilling deep optical flow stereo methods to retrieve dense three-dimensional wind fields},
  author = {Thomas J. Vandal and Dong L. Wu and James L. Carr and Derek J. Posselt and Elise Penn and Tristan Ballard and August Posch and Kate Duffy},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.03100},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03100},
}

@article{wang2026tcnext,
  title = {TC-Next: Zero-Shot Multimodal Cyclone Forecasting},
  author = {Zhe Wang and Sijie Chen and Yiming Luo and Daehyun Kim and Chien-Yi Chang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.02085},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02085},
}

@article{sha2026kilometerscale,
  title = {Kilometer-Scale AI Downscaling of Atlantic Hurricanes with Generative Ensembles},
  author = {Yingkai Sha and Talea L. Mayo and Ethan D. Gutmann and Lulin Xue and Andrew Newman},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.02034},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02034},
}

@article{monsalve2026sensoradaptive,
  title = {A Sensor-Adaptive Incremental Learning Framework for Artifact Detection in Satellite Precipitation Data},
  author = {Andres F. Monsalve and Hernan A. Moreno and Christian D. Kummerow},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.01514},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.01514},
}

@article{dainelli2026checklist,
  title = {A Checklist to assess the energy and carbon impacts of ML/AI applications in Earth System Modeling},
  author = {Filippo Dainelli and Amirpasha Mozaffari and Marina Castaño and Aina Gaya i Àvila and Lluís Palma Garcia and Alessio Melli and Oscar Dimdore Miles and Amanda Duarte},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.00847},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00847},
}

@article{golkar2026genonet,
  title = {GenONet: A Generative operator Network for High-Resolution Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Mohammad Kian Golkar and Luciano Alves de Oliveira and Mohammad Khanjani},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.00544},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00544},
}

@article{acquaviva2026how,
  title = {How well is surface ocean carbon represented in observations and ocean models?},
  author = {Viviana Acquaviva and Romina Wild and Alessandro Laio and Amanda R. Fay and Thea H. Heimdal and Galen A. McKinley},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2609.00133},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00133},
}

@article{almeida2026uncertaintyaware,
  title = {Uncertainty-Aware End-to-End AI Weather Forecasting: Disentangling Observation and Model Contributions},
  author = {Rodrigo Almeida and Noelia Otero and Jost Arndt and Simon Baur and Wojciech Samek and Jackie Ma},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.30795},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.30795},
}

@article{zhu2026pythonfortran,
  title = {Python-Fortran Hybrid Programming to Fuse AI and Physical Models: Examples of AI-LDA in climate and weather models (Hf2pMDA_v1.0)},
  author = {Xianrui Zhu and Zikuan Lin and Shaoqing Zhang and Zebin Lu and Songhua Wu and Xiangyun Hou and Zhisheng Xiao and Zhicheng Ren and Jiangyu Li and Jing Xu and Yang Gao and Rixu Hao and Xiaolin Yu and Mingkui Li and Guangliang Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.29532},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29532},
}

@article{yang2026diffusion,
  title = {Diffusion Distillation for Efficient Weather Ensembles},
  author = {Yiming Yang and Valentin Brekke and James Briant and Serge Guillas},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.27728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27728},
}

@article{martinazzo2026application,
  title = {Application of the latent twins approach for clear sky retrieval from IASI observations},
  author = {Michele Martinazzo and Cristina Sgattoni and Marco Menarini and Chiara Zugarini and Tiziano Maestri and Luca Sgheri},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.27692},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27692},
}

@article{singh2026climate,
  title = {Climate Physics Dynamic Matching},
  author = {Gurjeet Sangra Singh and Frantzeska Lavda and Alexandros Kalousis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.26907},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26907},
}

@article{smith2026bridging,
  title = {Bridging short- and medium-range weather forecasting with machine learning},
  author = {Timothy A. Smith and Mariah Pope and Sergey Frolov and Brett Basarab and Daniel Abdi and Paul Madden and Isidora Jankov},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.26822},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26822},
}

@article{dang2026simcasts2s,
  title = {SimCast-S2S: An Efficient Generative Model for Subseasonal Precipitation Forecasting via Transfer Learning from Climate Simulations},
  author = {Hiep V. Dang and Antonios Mamalakis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.26594},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26594},
}

@article{pena2026when,
  title = {When Does Forecast-Error Energy Grow Logistically in Geophysical Turbulence?},
  author = {Malaquias Peña},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.26492},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26492},
}

@article{ribeiro2026precipitation,
  title = {Precipitation Downscaling Using Foundation Model-Conditioned Diffusion},
  author = {Victor Nascimento Ribeiro and Jorge Guevara and Jorge Sebastian Moraga and Chris Lucas and Natalie Lord and Andrew Taylor and Edward Lockhart and Will Trojak and Johannes Schmude and Anne Jones},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.25858},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25858},
}

@article{hassanzadeh2026missing,
  title = {Missing the Butterfly and Predicting the Past: Features or Bugs of Accurate AI Weather Models?},
  author = {Pedram Hassanzadeh and Weidong Li and Y. Qiang Sun and Jiangdi Wang and Alexander Wikner and Justin Finkel and Jonathan Q. Weare},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.25835},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25835},
}

@article{salgueiro2026tropospheric,
  title = {Tropospheric temperature and humidity profile retrieval from Meteosat Flexible Combined Imager based on deep learning},
  author = {Alejandro Salgueiro and Johannes Rausch and Julie Thérèse Villinger and Angela Meyer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.25700},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25700},
}

@article{wang2026frequencyaware,
  title = {Frequency-aware forecasting for short-term typhoon gust prediction},
  author = {Xuefei Wang and Tingyi Liu and Heng Zhang and Shengjun Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.25604},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25604},
}

@article{blom2026energy,
  title = {Energy Yield and Lifetime Climate Classification via Machine Learning for Optimizing Photovoltaic Module Design and Materials},
  author = {Youri Blom and Sofia Dutto and Alexandru Costache and Rowan Richie and Ruben Pelsser and Wesley Berger and Jing Sun and Rudi Santbergen and Olindo Isabella and Malte Ruben Vogt},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.25448},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25448},
}

@article{singh2026afdbench,
  title = {AFDBench: A Reasoning-First AI Scientist for NationalWeather Service Forecast Discussions},
  author = {Manmeet Singh and Somnath Luitel and Prabhjot Singh and Manraaj Banga and Naveen Sudharsan and Josh Durkee},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.24954},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24954},
}

@article{georgakis2026deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Super Resolution for Satellite Cloud Mask Downscaling},
  author = {Angelos Georgakis and Valentina Kanaki and Giorgos Giannopoulos and Stella Girtsou and Ioannis Kontogiorgakis and Charalampos Kontoes and Kostas Philippopoulos},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.24715},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24715},
}

@article{goecke2026aicon,
  title = {AICON: An operational global machine learning weather forecasting model},
  author = {Tobias Goecke and Marek Jacob and Florian Prill and Michael Denhard and Felix Fundel and Jan Keller and Roland Potthast and Hendrik Reich and Britta Seegebrecht and Sven Ulbrich and Arianna Valmassoi and Sabrina Wahl},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.24651},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24651},
}

@article{beronvera2026predictability,
  title = {Predictability of El Niño from Delayed Observations},
  author = {Francisco J. Beron-Vera},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.24428},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24428},
}

@article{ling2026uhibench,
  title = {UHI-Bench: Benchmarking Dual-Source Urban Heat Island Modeling Across Cities in Diverse Climate Regimes},
  author = {Wanyun Ling and Chenxi Liu and Yi Xie and Aopu Xu and Zhuoqi Zeng and Ziyue Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.23857},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23857},
}

@article{shen2026scorebased,
  title = {A score-based particle flow filter for non-Gaussian data assimilation in high-dimensional chaotic systems},
  author = {Zheqi Shen and Youmin Tang and Yuewei Fang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.22454},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22454},
}

@article{anirudh2026tracing,
  title = {Tracing the Unlabeled Storm: Cross-Variable Transfer in a Lagrangian Atmospheric JEPA Framework},
  author = {K M Anirudh and S Sandeep and Hariprasad Kodamana},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.22358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22358},
}

@article{gauld2026quantifying,
  title = {Quantifying AI data center nitrogen oxide (NO$_x$) emissions from space},
  author = {Kevin D. Gauld and Daniel J. Varon and Nicholas Balasus and Daniel H. Cusworth},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.22153},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22153},
}

@article{stamatelopoulos2026dysco,
  title = {DySCo: Dynamically consistent data-driven downscaling of extremes in climate projections},
  author = {S. Stamatelopoulos and M. Wang and I. Lopez-Gomez and L. Zepeda-Nunez and Z. Y. Wan and R. Carver and F. Sha and T. P. Sapsis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.21998},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21998},
}

@article{dolean2026advanced,
  title = {Advanced Linear Algebra with Applications - Part I (Numerical linear algebra for PDEs, machine learning, and data assimilation)},
  author = {Victorita Dolean and Jemima Tabeart},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.21234},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21234},
}

@article{raghuveeran2026graph,
  title = {A Graph Neural Network Framework for Characterizing Rainfall Variability Regimes across India},
  author = {Pradyumnan Raghuveeran and Gaurav Chopra and Ajay Bankar and R. I. Sujith},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.20947},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20947},
}

@article{kimpara2026goeseast,
  title = {GOES-East full-disk AI nowcasting of cloud evolution in observation space},
  author = {Dhamma Kimpara and Omid Bagheri and Ivette Hernandez Banos and Byoung-Joo Jung and Chris Snyder},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.20540},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20540},
}

@article{ahmadi2026agentic,
  title = {An Agentic Approach for Active Data Collection, Travel Behavior Modeling, and Weather-Sensitive Demand Prediction},
  author = {Narges Ahmadi and Yubo Jiao and Jônatas Augusto Manzolli and Jiangbo Yu and Luis Miranda-Moreno},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.20320},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20320},
}

@article{silva2026impact,
  title = {The impact of feature engineering and an optimisation framework for ocean colour machine learning},
  author = {Edson Silva and Julien Brajard and Simon Cappe and Lasse H. Pettersson and François Counillon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.19899},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19899},
}

@article{meng2026coupled,
  title = {Coupled multiscale paleoclimate reconstruction with four-dimensional variational data assimilation},
  author = {Zilu Meng and Gregory J. Hakim and Julien Emile-Geay and Tanaya Gondhalekar and Eric J. Steig},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.19469},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19469},
}

@article{wang2026interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable AI predicts a 2026 summer dry anomaly in central China},
  author = {Anran Wang and Wen Shi and Yong Luo and Jianbin Huang and Lijuan Chen and Junhu Zhao and Weixin Jin and Huihui Yuan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.19163},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19163},
}

@article{lin2026extremes,
  title = {Extremes on Rewind: Generating 1,000-Member Ensembles Initialized at a Final Condition},
  author = {Jerry Lin and Mu-Ting Chien and Mansi Sakarvadia and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.19008},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19008},
}

@article{ghirri2026europes,
  title = {Europe's Climate Ambition Under Scrutiny: Evidence from Deep Learning Emission Projections},
  author = {Jacopo Ghirri and Carlos Rodriguez-Pardo and Lara Aleluia Reis and Massimo Tavoni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.18690},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.18690},
}

@article{zhang2026tianmutc,
  title = {Tianmu-TC: Physics-constraints Generative Artificial Intelligence for Global Tropical Cyclone Forecasting},
  author = {Shiqi Zhang and Pan Mu and Cheng Huang and Hanting Yan and Yuchao Zhu and Jinglin Zhang and Shengyong Chen and Shoujuan Shu and Cong Bai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.18500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.18500},
}

@article{merchant2026how,
  title = {How Do AI Climate Models Respond to Warming Across Climate Zones?},
  author = {Charlotte C. Merchant and Milan Klöwer and Bradley Stanley-Clamp and Maren Höver and Simon L. L. Michel and Edward Groot and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.17986},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.17986},
}

@article{amini2026rapid,
  title = {Rapid Debris-Volume Estimation from Post-Hurricane Aerial Imagery},
  author = {Kooshan Amini and Jamie Ellen Padgett and Guha Balakrishnan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.17165},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.17165},
}

@article{benassi2026decadal,
  title = {Decadal wave reconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea with graph neural networks},
  author = {Federica Benassi and Lorenzo Mentaschi and Salvatore Causio and Daniel Holmberg and Ivan Federico and Nadia Pinardi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.16449},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16449},
}

@article{wang2026rainfall,
  title = {Rainfall Sensing via Mobile Communication Signals},
  author = {Zhongqin Wang and J. Andrew Zhang and Kai Wu and Y. Jay Guo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.16088},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.16088},
}

@article{martin2026generative,
  title = {Generative data assimilation highlights fronts as key regulators of ocean energy cascade},
  author = {Scott A. Martin and Georgy E. Manucharyan and Patrice Klein},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.14955},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.14955},
}

@article{dettling2026developing,
  title = {Developing an Offshore Machine Learning Surface Layer Scheme},
  author = {Susan Dettling and Sue Ellen Haupt and Thomas Brummet and Patrick Hawbecker and Branko Kosović and David John Gagne},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.14935},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.14935},
}

@article{pearce2026meteorologydriven,
  title = {Meteorology-driven Causal Nowcasting of Fugitive Landfill Emissions Enables Proactive Public Health Response},
  author = {Timothy C. Pearce and David J. T. Smith and Alec Dobney and Alessia Freddo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.14254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.14254},
}

@article{subel2026paleoclimate,
  title = {Paleoclimate Boundary Conditions as an Out-of-Sample Test for the Forced Response of Ocean Climate Emulators},
  author = {Adam Subel and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.13494},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.13494},
}

@article{xu2026machine,
  title = {Machine learning correction of satellite precipitation is governed by mechanism purity, not algorithmic complexity: a proof-of-concept study in Hunan, China, with pre-registered cross-regional validation},
  author = {Yi Xu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.12988},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.12988},
}

@article{hamill2026highresolution,
  title = {High-resolution Calibrated Probabilistic Hourly Precipitation from a Deterministic Forecast},
  author = {Thomas M Hamill},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.12685},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.12685},
}

@article{sousa2026earth,
  title = {Earth observation embeddings are effective sub-grid descriptors for probabilistic weather downscaling},
  author = {Pedro Sousa and Will Tebbutt and Sadiq Jaffer and Robin Young and Anil Madhavapeddy and Richard E. Turner},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.12271},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.12271},
}

@article{espinosa2026dlesymocean,
  title = {DLESyM-Ocean: A Deep Learning Probabilistic Global Model for Simulating Present-Day Upper Ocean and Sea Ice},
  author = {Zachary I Espinosa and Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay and William Yik and Cecilia M. Bitz and Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth and Peter Harrington and David Pruitt and Michael S. Pritchard and Dale R. Durran},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.11545},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11545},
}

@article{fabel2026farsky,
  title = {FarSky: Task-Aware Latent-Space Coupling for Generative Intra-Hour Solar Forecasting},
  author = {Yann Fabel and Bijan Nouri and Milon Miah and Niklas Blum and Luis F. Zarzalejo and Julia Kowalski and Robert Pitz-Paal},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.11254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.11254},
}

@article{weng2026observational,
  title = {Observational Evidence Revises Presumed Large Ozone Worsening from Nitrogen Oxides Cuts},
  author = {Xiang Weng and Xiao Lu and Jiawei Li and Grant Forster and Jessica Chapman and Beckie George and Yunbo Lu and Guowen He and Haofan Wang and Jingcheng Lai and Peer Nowack},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.10399},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10399},
}

@article{wu2026stochastic,
  title = {Stochastic Emulation of a Fully Coupled Preindustrial E3SMv3 Simulation},
  author = {Elynn Wu and James P. C. Duncan and Troy Arcomano and Jeremy McGibbon and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Christopher S. Bretherton and Naser Mahfouz and Claudia Tebaldi and Luke Van Roekel and Andrew Roberts and Wuyin Lin and Finn Rebassoo and Jean-Christophe Golaz and Peter M. Caldwell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.10277},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10277},
}

@article{jadhav2026deep,
  title = {Deep Learning-Based Statistical Downscaling of Sea Surface Temperature Using a Residual Corrective Neural Network},
  author = {Onkar Jadhav and Tim French and Ivica Janekovic and Nicole L. Jones and Matthew Rayson},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.10022},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.10022},
}

@article{gabler2026do,
  title = {Do AI weather models miss extremes?},
  author = {Marvin Vincent Gabler and Roberto Molinaro and Niall Siegenheim and Henry Martin and Mark Frey and Niels Poulsen and Philipp Seitz and Olivier Lam},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.09972},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09972},
}

@article{silvasosa2026realtime,
  title = {Real-Time Climate Risk Assessment for Supply Chain Resilience: A Data-Driven Nowcasting Framework for Colombian Agriculture},
  author = {Hernan J. Silva-Sosa},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.09846},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09846},
}

@article{agrawal2026deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Imputation of Missing Radius of Maximum Winds (Rmax) Values in Tropical Cyclone Best-Track Data},
  author = {Swastik Agrawal and Nishkal Hundia and Ziyue Liu and Michelle Bensi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.09683},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09683},
}

@article{chen2026veincast,
  title = {VeinCast: Physics-Guided Dynamic Field Graphs with Graph-Conditioned Fusion for Global Medium-Range Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Zhisheng Chen and Jinhan Li and Yuxuan Li and Yuan Gao and Hao Wu and Zheng Lu and Jinlong Du and Kun Wang and Bo An},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.09286},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09286},
}

@article{howard2026do,
  title = {Do AI Forecast Ensembles Sample the Correct Conditional Distribution?},
  author = {Lucas J. Howard and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.08954},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08954},
}

@article{fang2026frecast,
  title = {FreCast: Refining Radar Echo Intensity via Phase-Preserving Amplitude Residual Diffusion for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Heping Fang and Zihuai Yin and Kaicheng Mao and Peiguang Zhang and Peng Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.08436},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08436},
}

@article{zannat2026tropical,
  title = {Tropical Cyclone Forecasting via Latent Rectified Flow using Satellite Imagery and Atmospheric Fields},
  author = {Meheru Zannat and Sk. Md. Masudul Ahsan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.08354},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.08354},
}

@article{higgs2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating Explainable AI Methods for Geoscientific Regression: Insights from Applications and the Lorenz-63 System},
  author = {Ieuan Higgs and Todd Jones and Kieran Hunt and Anna-Louise Ellis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.07406},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07406},
}

@article{levang2026timestepconditioned,
  title = {Timestep-Conditioned Transformers for Global Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Sam Levang and Fran Bartolic and Ty Dickinson and Chase Dwelle and Paulius Rauba and Viktor Cikojevic},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.06241},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.06241},
}

@article{kalita2026densecast,
  title = {Dense-Cast: A lightweight ensemble of deep learning architectures for precipitation nowcasting},
  author = {Gourav Jyoti Kalita and Hidam Kumarjit Singh},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.06082},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.06082},
}

@article{zhang2026temporal,
  title = {Temporal Bridges for Spatial Resolution: Enhancing Climate Data Super-Resolution with Bidirectional Alignment},
  author = {Yichen Zhang and Yixiong Xiao and Congxi Xiao and Jingbo Zhou},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.05981},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05981},
}

@article{carroll2026marscast,
  title = {MarsCast: Transfer Learning of AI Weather Foundation Models to Planetary Atmospheres},
  author = {M. L. Carroll and J. Li and S. D. Guzewich and G. Villanueva and J. A. Caraballo-Vega and M. J. Frost},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.05054},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05054},
}

@article{doshi2026transferable,
  title = {Transferable Dual-Stream Representations for Mesoscale-Preserving Sea Surface Temperature Downscaling},
  author = {Parth Doshi and Priyanka Aravindan and Vaishnav Vaidheeswaran and Md Mahbub Alam and Gabriel Spadon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.04230},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.04230},
}

@article{pfreundschuh2026prithviprecip,
  title = {Prithvi-Precip: Integrating Satellite Observations into an Atmospheric AI Foundation Model for Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Simon Pfreundschuh and Christian D. Kummerow and Johannes Schmude and Sujit Roy and Rahul Ramachandran and Tsengdar Lee and Valentine Anantharaj and Katherine H. Breen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.03959},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.03959},
}

@article{funk2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Deep Learning for Drought Forecasting: Role of Internal Climate Variability},
  author = {Henri Funk and Cornelia Gruber and Göran Kauermann and Helmut Küchenhoff and Magdalena Mittermeier},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.01864},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01864},
}

@article{koldunov2026fesom2jax,
  title = {FESOM2-JAX v1.0: a differentiable shadow of the ocean-sea-ice model FESOM2, cast onto GPUs},
  author = {Nikolay V. Koldunov and Sergey Danilov and Suvarchal Cheedela and Dmitry Sidorenko and Sebastian Beyer and Patrick Scholz and Ivan Kuznetsov and Jan Streffing and Aleksei Koldunov and Dmitrii Pantiukhin and Svetlana N. Loza and Thomas Jung},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.01546},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01546},
}

@article{wang2026climatedyna,
  title = {Climate-Dyna Deep Hedging for XVAs: Model-Based Reinforcement Learning, Residual Climate HVA, and Hedge-Instrument Discovery},
  author = {Xiaozhen Wang and Francois Buet-Golfouse},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.01208},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01208},
}

@article{ruan2026sequencetosequence,
  title = {A Sequence-to-Sequence ConvLSTM Approach for Leaf Area Index Forecasting over the South-Central United States},
  author = {Zhixing Ruan and Lixin Lu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.00879},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00879},
}

@article{tamesue2026machine,
  title = {A Machine Learning-based Non-precipitating Clouds Estimation for THz Dual-Frequency Radar},
  author = {Kazuhiko Tamesue and Zheng Wen and Shotaro Yamaguchi and Hiroyuki Kasai and Wataru Kameyama and Toshio Sato and Yutaka Katsuyama and Takuro Sato and Takeshi Maesaka},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2608.00653},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00653},
}

@article{herreramarin2026memory,
  title = {Memory compression and physical state augmentation favor different AMOC prediction tasks},
  author = {Mauricio Herrera-Marín},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.28468},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28468},
}

@article{decancq2026weather,
  title = {Weather Emulators at the Frontier of Heat Extremes Predictability},
  author = {Cas Decancq and Thomas Mortier and Jessica Keune and Diego G. Miralles},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.28220},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28220},
}

@article{pribotkin2026meteosat,
  title = {Meteosat Third Generation imagery improves CNN-based SSI retrieval},
  author = {Gordei Pribõtkin and Piia Post and Velle Toll},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.28093},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28093},
}

@article{ghosh2026benchmarking,
  title = {Benchmarking ConvLSTM for One-Day-Ahead IMDAA Rainfall-Field Prediction across Four Indian Cities},
  author = {Tanmay Ghosh and Shaurabh Anand and Rakesh Gomaji Nannewar and Nithin Nagaraj},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.26581},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.26581},
}

@article{wang2026conceptual,
  title = {From Conceptual Hydrologic Models to Conceptually Interpretable Neural Networks: A Snow-Water Mass-Conserving-Perceptron Framework for Discovering Catchment-Scale Precipitation-Storage-Runoff Representations},
  author = {Yuan-Heng Wang and Hoshin V. Gupta},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.26492},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.26492},
}

@article{hammoud2026heat,
  title = {From Heat Stress to Perception: Interpretable Data-Driven Models of Human Thermal Sensation},
  author = {Abed Hammoud and Xinjie Huang and Qinqin Kong and Marialena Nikolopoulou and Elie Bou-Zeid},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.25850},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25850},
}

@article{khan2026physicsinformed,
  title = {A Physics-Informed Neural Operator for Thermal Ranking of Low-Cost Wall Materials in Hot-Dry Climates},
  author = {Muhammad Akbar Khan and Fahim Raees and Ubaida Fatima},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.25668},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25668},
}

@article{zeba2026anomalous,
  title = {Anomalous Diffusion of Tropical Cyclones Observed in Huge Ensembles of Hindcasts},
  author = {Abdoul R. Zeba and William D. Collins and Ankur Mahesh and Boris Bonev and Karthik Kashinath and Thorsten Kurth and Michael S. Pritchard and Shashank Subramanian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.21954},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21954},
}

@article{wang2026mapcast,
  title = {MAPCast: A Convection Allowing MPAS Emulator for Ensemble-based Background Error Covariance Estimation Toward Multi-Scale Data Assimilation},
  author = {Yongming Wang and Xuguang Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.21917},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21917},
}

@article{huang2026flexible,
  title = {Flexible generation of daily Earth system model projections across radiative forcing scenarios},
  author = {Yu Huang and Sebastian Bathiany and Shangshang Yang and Philipp Hess and Michael Aich and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.21382},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21382},
}

@article{cai2026nipping,
  title = {Nipping the Butterfly Effect in the Bud: Self-Output Fine-Tuning for Autoregressive Weather Prediction},
  author = {Yun-Ye Cai and Hsuan-Tien Lin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.21080},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21080},
}

@article{hu2026mechanistic,
  title = {Toward Mechanistic Interpretability of an AI Foundation Model Fine-Tuned for Atmospheric Chemistry},
  author = {Jason Y. Hu and Ivan Higuera-Mendieta and Patrick Obin Sturm and Makoto M. Kelp},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.20778},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20778},
}

@article{hover2026spatial,
  title = {Spatial Generalization Tests for Machine Learning-based Weather Models to Assess Physical Consistency},
  author = {Maren Höver and Milan Klöwer and Christian Schroeder de Witt and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.20716},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.20716},
}

@article{cromp2026geospatial,
  title = {Geospatial Diffusion-based Evolution Synthesis (GeoDES) for Storm-Centered Weather Augmentation},
  author = {Sonia Cromp and Satya Sai Srinath Namburi GNVV and Youran Wang and Grace Kisslinger and Frederic Sala and James Booth and Allegra LeGrande},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.19522},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.19522},
}

@article{singh2026aircastmars,
  title = {Aircast-Mars: A Mars Foundation Model for Global Weather Forecasting with HEALPix-Aware Convolutions},
  author = {Manmeet Singh and Saptarishi Dhanuka and Naveen Sudharsan and Houman Owhadi and Krista M. Soderlund and Alphan Altinok},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.19370},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.19370},
}

@article{lang2026sensitivity,
  title = {On the sensitivity of machine-learned probabilistic weather forecast models to scale-aware scoring rules},
  author = {Simon Lang and Martin Leutbecher and Sam Hatfield},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.19161},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.19161},
}

@article{xu2026physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Super-Resolution of Atmospheric Data},
  author = {Chang Xu and Gencer Sumbul and Hugo Porta and Manon Béchaz and Sebastian Schemm and Devis Tuia},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.18877},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.18877},
}

@article{chapman2026hard,
  title = {Hard conservation correctors can hide a degrading model when training autoregressive emulators},
  author = {William E. Chapman and John Schreck and Yingkai Sha},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.18416},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.18416},
}

@article{piao2026fourier,
  title = {Fourier Geometric Wind Power Forecasting with Numerical Weather Prediction},
  author = {Shiyuan Piao and Fan Zehui and Yang Liu and Hong Cheng and Juepeng Zheng and Jie Zhou and Fugee Tsung},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.17095},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17095},
}

@article{frastali2026apeliotes,
  title = {Apeliotes: A Diffusion-Based Modeling Framework for km-scale Multi-Level Atmospheric Fields},
  author = {Evangelia Rafaela Frastali and Achyut Paudel and Maryam Golbazi and Frank Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.17037},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17037},
}

@article{white2026c3dir,
  title = {C3DIR: A Deep Learning 3-Dimensional Cloud Property Retrieval Scheme for Passive Satellite Imagers},
  author = {Charles H. White and Yoo-Jeong Noh and John M. Haynes and Imme Ebert-Uphoff},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.16929},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16929},
}

@article{wang2026physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Feature Engineering 1D-CNN for Multilayer Cloud Detection from Geostationary Satellites},
  author = {Fu Wang and Chi Yang and Qi-Feng Lu and Rui-Xia Liu and Xiao-Fei Yang and Xiao-Fang Liu and Bo Li and Lin Chen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.16270},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16270},
}

@article{sunil2026physicsbased,
  title = {Physics-Based Deep Spatiotemporal Hyperlocal Radar Nowcasting with a Multi-Variable U-Net for High-Resolution Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Akshay Sunil and Muhammed Rashid and Raja Sekhar Sivaraju and Sushma Nair and Subimal Ghosh},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.16080},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16080},
}

@article{gholoubi2026ocelot,
  title = {OCELOT: Direct Atmospheric Forecasting from Heterogeneous Earth Observations Using a Graph-Transformer Hybrid Model},
  author = {Azadeh Gholoubi and Ronald McLaren and Mu-Chieh Ko and Xin Jin and Nicholas Esposito and Andrew Collard and Cory Martin and Russ Treadon and Daniel Holdaway and Daryl Kleist},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.14196},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14196},
}

@article{yang2026tssm,
  title = {TSSM: Triaxial State Space Model for Global Station Weather Forecasting with Temporal-Variable-Historical Modeling},
  author = {Songru Yang and Zili Liu and Tao Han and Ben Fei and Fenghua Ling and Lei Bai and Chang Liu and Xiangyang Ji and Zhenwei Shi and Zhengxia Zou},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.13101},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13101},
}

@article{chen2026robustness,
  title = {Robustness of Deep Learning Models for PV Power Forecasting under NWP Forecast Errors: A Spatiotemporal and Physically Interpretable Analysis},
  author = {Dandan Chen and Yan Zhao and Xuepeng Chen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.12954},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.12954},
}

@article{luitel2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating the Fidelity of GraphCast AI Forecasts for the Indian Summer Monsoon: A Climatological Assessment Against ERA-5 Reanalysis and IMERG Observations},
  author = {Somnath Luitel and Manmeet Singh and Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay and Sandeep Juneja and Saptarishi Dhanuka},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.11905},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11905},
}

@article{gokdeniz2026predictive,
  title = {Predictive Modeling of High-Altitude Clear Air Turbulence in the United States: A Machine Learning Approach},
  author = {Kadir Gokdeniz and Irem Ulku},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.11899},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11899},
}

@article{he2026omnipmnet,
  title = {OmniPMNet: Bridging discrete and gridded PM10 forecasts via omni-query neural processes},
  author = {Shuangshuang He and Shuo Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.11896},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11896},
}

@article{sukianto2026improved,
  title = {Improved Global Ocean Heat Content Estimation by Modeling Vertical Spatio-Temporal Dependence},
  author = {Thea Sukianto and Donata Giglio and Mikael Kuusela},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.11832},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11832},
}

@article{ingstad2026hourglass,
  title = {HourGlass: A probabilistic data-driven temporal downscaler for global and regional weather forecasting},
  author = {Magnus Sikora Ingstad and Mariana C. A. Clare and Olav Ersland and Vera Gahlen and Håvard Homleid Haugen and Ophélia Miralles and Even M. Nordhagen and Thomas N. Nipen and Ivar A. Seierstad and John Bjørnar Bremnes and Michael Maier-Gerber and Zied Ben Bouallègue and Harrison Cook and Christian Lessig and Gert Mertes and Cathal O'Brien and Florian Pinault and Ana Prieto Nemesio and Matthew Chantry},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.11457},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11457},
}

@article{saleh2026aeromeld,
  title = {AeroMELD: A Linear Embedding of Aerosol Populations for Diagnostics and Latent Dynamics},
  author = {Ehsan Saleh and Saba Ghaffari and Wenhan Tang and Jeffrey H. Curtis and Lekha Patel and Peter A. Bosler and Nicole Riemer and Matthew West},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.11073},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11073},
}

@article{sikora2026exploratory,
  title = {Exploratory Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Forecasting Meteorological Parameters in the Agricultural Sector},
  author = {Piotr Sikora and Sotirios Kontogiannis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.10208},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10208},
}

@article{perezcarrasquilla2026tracing,
  title = {Tracing the space-time causal origins of Earth system extremes},
  author = {Jhayron S. Pérez-Carrasquilla and J. Jake Nichol and Vanessa Robledo and Diana Bull and Katherine Dagon and Michael N. Evans and Maria J. Molina},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.10033},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10033},
}

@article{lean2026global,
  title = {Global reanalysis from observations alone with machine learning},
  author = {Peter Lean and Ewan Pinnington and Patrick Laloyaux and Mihai Alexe and Eulalie Boucher and Simon Lang and Tomas Kral and Paul Poli and Hans Hersbach and Niels Bormann and Matthew Chantry and Anthony McNally},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.07879},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07879},
}

@article{akami2026superresolution,
  title = {Super-Resolution of Radar/Raingauge-Analyzed Precipitation Using Gaussian Process Regression with a Steering Kernel},
  author = {Shoichi Akami and Tsuyoshi T. Sekiyama and Mizuo Kajino},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.07290},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07290},
}

@article{trentini2026integrating,
  title = {Integrating GNSS-Derived Zenith Wet Delay into a Weather Foundation Model Improves Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Leonardo Trentini and Fanny Lehmann and Laura Crocetti and Benedikt Soja},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.05658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05658},
}

@article{wang2026domainadaptive,
  title = {Domain-Adaptive Climate Downscaling Under Temporal Distribution Shift},
  author = {Shuochen Wang and Nishant Yadav and Auroop R. Ganguly},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.05645},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05645},
}

@article{wang2026air,
  title = {Air Quality Downscaling with Station-Guided Pseudo-Supervision},
  author = {Guorun Wang and Simone Foti and Andreas D. Demou and Leonidas Kotoulas and Theodoros Christoudias and Alexandros Koliousis and Mihalis Nicolaou and Stefanos Zafeiriou},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.05292},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05292},
}

@article{schloer2026aifssubs,
  title = {AIFS-SUBS: Extending Data-Driven Forecasting to Sub-Seasonal Timescales},
  author = {Jakob Schloer and Steffen Tietsche and Christopher D. Roberts and Lorenzo Zampieri and Simon Lang and Gert Mertes and Gareth Jones and Matthew Chantry and Frederic Vitart},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.05100},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05100},
}

@article{erfani2026genealogy,
  title = {On the Genealogy of Machine Learning Weather Prediction},
  author = {Mohammad Hassan Erfani},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.05045},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05045},
}

@article{wang2026enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing the Forecasting Capability of Multi-Model Blending Algorithms for Extreme Precipitation via Joint Use of Station and Gridded Observations},
  author = {Yu Wang and Yong Cao and Kan Dai and Yue Shen and Xiaoqing Zeng and Ruixia Zhao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.04862},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04862},
}

@article{passos2026exploring,
  title = {Exploring Convolutional Neural Processes for Weather Downscaling},
  author = {Francisco Passos},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.04190},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04190},
}

@article{ramachandran2026glaciercastai,
  title = {GlacierCastAI: Predicting Glacier Retreat from Multi-Modal Satellite Imagery and Climate Signals},
  author = {Arunkumar Ramachandran},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.04117},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04117},
}

@article{rodriguezpardo2026harmonised,
  title = {A harmonised dataset for Earth system foundation models},
  author = {Carlos Rodriguez-Pardo and Massimo Tavoni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.03298},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03298},
}

@article{kamzela2026global,
  title = {From Global to Local: Efficient Regional Weather Downscaling with Global Weather Foundation Model},
  author = {Wiktor Kamzela and Jakub Kubiak and Adam Dobosz and Jędrzej Miczke and Anatol Kaczmarek and Piotr Wyrwiński and Wojciech Stefaniak and Wojciech Kotłowski},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.03279},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03279},
}

@article{wang2026less,
  title = {Less Tokens, Better Forecasts: Sparse Residual Routing for Efficient Weather Prediction},
  author = {Janet Wang and Yunbei Zhang and Lin Zhao and Xi Xiao and Jihun Hamm and Xiao Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.02829},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02829},
}

@article{bakketun2026enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing a high resolution data-driven weather prediction model with surface descriptors},
  author = {Åsmund Bakketun and Håvard Homleid Haugen and Jostein Blyverket and Thomas Nils Nipen and Malte Müller},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.02824},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02824},
}

@article{banerjee2026deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Earth System Model Simulation of Indian Monsoon Intraseasonal and Interannual Variability},
  author = {Bijit Kumar Banerjee and Devabrat Sharma and R. I. Sujith and Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan and Manikandan Narayanan and Subodh K. Saha and Anurag Dipankar and Utpal Sarma and B. N. Goswami},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.01676},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01676},
}

@article{yu2026spatial,
  title = {Spatial Support Matters: Geometry-Aware Graph Fusion for Rainfall Field Reconstruction},
  author = {Low Jun Yu and Niramay Kachhadiya and Herath Mudiyanselage Viraj Vidura Herath and Sanka Rasnayaka and Lucy Amanda Marshall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.01621},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01621},
}

@article{tasim2026windaware,
  title = {Wind-Aware Reinforcement Learning Control of a Small Quadrotor Using Learned Onboard Wind Estimation in Simulated Atmospheric Turbulence},
  author = {Abdullah Al Tasim and Wei Sun},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2607.01528},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01528},
}

@article{sukianto2026locally,
  title = {Locally stationary Argo ocean heat content estimates: Modeling, validation and uncertainty quantification},
  author = {Thea Sukianto and Mikael Kuusela and Donata Giglio and Anirban Mondal and Pulong Ma and Douglas W. Nychka},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.31957},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31957},
}

@article{fabisch2026deep,
  title = {Deep Reinforcement Learning for Spacecraft Attitude Control During Atmospheric Re-Entry},
  author = {Alexander Fabisch and Melvin Laux and Mariela De Lucas Álvarez and Edoardo Caroselli and Julian Theis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.31291},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31291},
}

@article{hu2026scaling,
  title = {Scaling Storm-Resolving Atmospheric AI Simulation to the Entire Planet},
  author = {Zeyuan Hu and Akshay Subramaniam and Noel Keen and Tao Ge and Jaideep Pathak and Mohammad Shoaib Abbas and Suman Ravuri and Karthik Kashinath and Naser Mahfouz and Peter Caldwell and Mike Pritchard and Noah Brenowitz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.31248},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31248},
}

@article{schreck2026conditional,
  title = {Conditional Tropical Cyclogenesis Rates via Rare-Event Sampling in a Neural Weather Emulator},
  author = {John S. Schreck and William Chapman and Charlie Becker and David John Gagne},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.30920},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.30920},
}

@article{rampal2026cordexmlbench,
  title = {CORDEX-ML-Bench: A Benchmark for Data-Driven Regional Climate Downscaling -Experiment Design and Overview},
  author = {Neelesh Rampal and José González-Abad and Henry Addison and Jorge Baño-Medina and Maria Laura Bettolli and Valentina Blasone and Ben Booth and Erika Coppola and Serafina Di Gioia and Joshua Oldham-Dorrington and Antoine Doury and Francois Engelbrecht and Ramón Fuentes-Franco and Peter B. Gibson and Luca Glawion and Caroline Hardy and Mikhail Ivanov and Hugo Kyo Lee and Mikel N. Legasa and Matias Olmo and Andrew Orr and Julius Polz and Martin S. J. Rogers and Maybritt Schillinger and Shivani Sharma and Pedro M. M. Soares and Stefan Sobolowski and Jessica Steinkopf and Wenchang Tang and Jr-Ben Tian and Ricardo Tomé and Ko-Chih Wang and Yi-Chi Wang and Peter A. G. Watson and Tom Wetherell and Martin Widmann and José M. Gutiérrez},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.29172},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29172},
}

@article{torkaman2026integrated,
  title = {An Integrated Two-Stage Deep-Learning Tool for Rapid Post-Hurricane Damage Identification and Repair Scheduling},
  author = {Hooman Torkaman and Ellis Oti Boateng and Jignesh Solanki and Anurag Srivastava},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.29117},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.29117},
}

@article{saito2026sparse,
  title = {Sparse Sensor Placement for Reducing Forecast Errors in Ensemble Kalman Filtering},
  author = {Takumi Saito and Shunji Kotsuki},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.27267},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.27267},
}

@article{palma2026learning,
  title = {Learning Climate Variability from Scarce Data with Diffusion Models: A Test Case for ENSO},
  author = {Lluis Palma and Vincent Verjans and Amanda Duarte and Albert Soret and Markus Donat},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.27094},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.27094},
}

@article{george2026uncertainty,
  title = {Uncertainty quantification via conformal prediction in data assimilation},
  author = {Catherine George and Alireza Javanmardi and Tijana Janjić and Eyke Hüllermeier},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.27001},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.27001},
}

@article{pacey2026modelling,
  title = {Modelling convective cell occurrence in proximity to cold fronts using extreme gradient boosting},
  author = {George Pacey and Stephan Pfahl and Lisa Schielicke},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.26699},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26699},
}

@article{diaconu2026otter,
  title = {Otter Weather: Skillful and Computationally Efficient Medium-Range Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Cristiana Diaconu and Jonas Scholz and Aliaksandra Shysheya and Stratis Markou and Payel Mukhopadhyay and Miles Cranmer and Richard E. Turner},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.26421},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26421},
}

@article{wu2026sampling,
  title = {Sampling sea state using a diffusion model},
  author = {Jiarong Wu and Bertrand Chapron and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.26389},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26389},
}

@article{kasteleyn2026does,
  title = {Does Aurora Encode Atmospheric Structure? Latent Regime Analysis and Attribution},
  author = {Emma Kasteleyn and Ana Lucic},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.26361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26361},
}

@article{lee2026eventaware,
  title = {Event-Aware Loss Design for Forecasting of Convective Precipitation and Lightning},
  author = {ChangJae Lee and Heecheol Yang and Byeonggwon Kim},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.25937},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25937},
}

@article{burghday2026evaluation,
  title = {Evaluation of medium range machine learning models for sub-seasonal prediction},
  author = {Catherine de Burgh-Day and Chen Li and Debra Hudson and Li Shi and Harrison Cook and Robin Wedd and Griffith Young},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.25417},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25417},
}

@article{dueben2026machine,
  title = {Machine learning is revolutionizing weather forecasting -- the next step is a change in how we work},
  author = {Peter Dueben and Peter Bauer and Oliver Fuhrer and Nikolay Koldunov and Jørn Kristiansen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.25076},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25076},
}

@article{dauvilliers2026motifgen,
  title = {MotifGen: Spatiotemporal interpolation of misaligned satellite images via multi-source generative modeling, in an application to tropical cyclones},
  author = {Clément Dauvilliers and Claire Monteleoni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.24263},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.24263},
}

@article{sarauer2026stable,
  title = {From stable online coupling to decade-long climate simulations: A machine learning parameterization for cloud microphysics in ICON},
  author = {Ellen Sarauer and Mierk Schwabe and Philipp Weiss and Axel Lauer and Philip Stier and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.23829},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.23829},
}

@article{bhattacharya2026arcomars,
  title = {ARCO-Mars: A Unified Cloud-Optimized Archive of Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis},
  author = {Ananyo Bhattacharya},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.21701},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21701},
}

@article{canovasrodriguez2026deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Soil Moisture Estimation: Fusing Satellite Data with Optimally-Lagged Meteorological Features},
  author = {Adrian Canovas-Rodriguez and Aurora González Vidal and Antonio F. Skarmeta},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.21475},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21475},
}

@article{franzoni2026distributional,
  title = {Using Distributional Regression Networks to Retrieve Cloud Properties from Solar Satellite Channels for Data Assimilation},
  author = {Stefano Franzoni and Christopher Bülte and Leonhard Scheck and Christian Keil and George C. Craig},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.21294},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21294},
}

@article{ghanavati2026shortterm,
  title = {Short-Term Electricity Demand Forecasting for New England: A Comprehensive Machine Learning Benchmark with Weather, Calendar, and COVID-19 Indicators},
  author = {Reza Ghanavati and Behrooz Mosallaei},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.20918},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20918},
}

@article{zanna2026bridging,
  title = {Towards bridging the gap between data-driven and theoretical turbulence closures in stratified flows},
  author = {Laure Zanna and Pavel Perezhogin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.20901},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20901},
}

@article{simm2026precover,
  title = {PRecover 1.0: Process Rate Recovery with Machine Learning},
  author = {Miriam Simm and Tom Beucler and Corinna Hoose},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.20165},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20165},
}

@article{ko2026exploring,
  title = {Exploring the potential of AlphaEarth and TESSERA embeddings for Fine-scale Local Climate Zone Mapping: A case study across five cities in Switzerland},
  author = {Htet Yamin Ko Ko and Clement Atzberger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.20034},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20034},
}

@article{shen2026simba,
  title = {SIMBA: ABidirectional Retrieval Forward Simulation Framework for Modeling FY-4A GIIRS Hyperspectral Infrared Radiances Toward NWP Applications},
  author = {Jingdong Shen and Fu Wang* and Qifeng Lu and Hao Huang and Chunqiang Wu and Chi Yang and Xiaofang Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.19943},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19943},
}

@article{asch2026rigorous,
  title = {Rigorous uncertainty quantification of probabilistic AI weather forecasts with conformal prediction},
  author = {Anna Asch and Raphael Rossellini and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Rebecca Willett},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.19642},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19642},
}

@article{womack2026optimal,
  title = {Optimal scenario design for climate emulation},
  author = {Christopher B. Womack and Shahine Bouabid and Andrei Sokolov and Popat Salunke and Glenn Flierl and Sebastian D. Eastham and Noelle E. Selin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.19302},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19302},
}

@article{pinnington2026aifsdop,
  title = {AIFS-DOP: End-to-End Medium-Range Weather Prediction from Observations Alone with Machine Learning},
  author = {Ewan Pinnington and Peter Lean and Mihai Alexe and Eulalie Boucher and Simon Lang and Patrick Laloyaux and Gert Mertes and Tomas Kral and Patricia de Rosnay and Matthew Chantry and Anthony McNally},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.19093},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19093},
}

@article{evans2026hybrid,
  title = {A Hybrid LSTM--Vision Transformer Architecture for Predicting HRRR Forecast Errors},
  author = {David Aaron Evans and Jay C. Rothenberger and Kara J. Sulia and Nick P. Bassill and Chris D. Thorncroft},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.19026},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19026},
}

@article{lassen2026investigating,
  title = {Investigating Inductive Biases for Machine Learning Emulation of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in Idealised Isca Simulations},
  author = {Oskar Bohn Lassen and Simon Driscoll and Stephen I. Thomson and Sebastian Schemm and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.18857},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18857},
}

@article{miralles2026pointwise,
  title = {Pointwise is Pointless? A Multimodal Ablation Study for Precipitation Nowcasting with Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {Ophélia Miralles and Máté Mile and Christoffer Artturi and Thomas Nipen and Ivar Seierstad},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.18436},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18436},
}

@article{bugaev2026physicsconstrained,
  title = {Physics-Constrained Neural Networks for Improved Short-Term Weather Forecasting: A Case Study over the South Pacific},
  author = {Egor Bugaev and Fedor Buzaev and Dmitry Efremenko and Denis Derkach and Fedor Ratnikov},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.17659},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.17659},
}

@article{callesaldarriaga2026amortized,
  title = {Amortized Probabilistic Retrieval of Atmospheric CO2 from OCO-2 Spectra Using Deep Learning with Laplace Approximations and Normalizing Flows},
  author = {Alejandro Calle-Saldarriaga and Felix Jimenez and Jack Grosskreuz and Jiazheng Wang and Jonathan Hobbs and Matthias Katzfuss},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.17413},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.17413},
}

@article{chen2026kftd,
  title = {KFTD: Koopman-Fourier Time-Differentiable Network for Continuous Ocean Spatiotemporal Forecasting},
  author = {Qinghui Chen and Zekai Zhang and Hailong Liu and Jinglin Zhang and Cong Bai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.17070},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.17070},
}

@article{du2026when,
  title = {When the Past Matters: FlashBack Memory for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Yuhao Du and Boxiao Huang and Chengrong Wu and Jiankai Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.16342},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.16342},
}

@article{legasa2026regional,
  title = {Regional Climate Model Emulation with Diffusion Approaches: What is the Added Value of Generative Machine Learning?},
  author = {Mikel N. Legasa and Antoine Doury and Achille Gellens and Redouane Lguensat and Clara Naldesi and Soulivanh Thao and Mathieu Vrac},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.14570},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14570},
}

@article{fofanah2026machine,
  title = {Can Machine Learning Forecast Rice Yields in Data-Constrained Settings? Satellite Climate Data, National Crop Statistics, and Lessons from Sierra Leone},
  author = {Ibrahim Denis Fofanah},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.13959},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.13959},
}

@article{inouzhe2026ai,
  title = {AI Receptivity or AI Adoption Breadth? A Tool-Specific Reanalysis of the Lower-Literacy/Higher-Usage Link},
  author = {Hristo Inouzhe},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.13734},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.13734},
}

@article{mozaffari2026scalable,
  title = {Scalable Deep Learning Framework for Global High-Resolution Land Use Reconstruction},
  author = {Amirpasha Mozaffari and Marina Castaño and Stefano Materia and Etienne Tourigny and Oscar Molina-Sedano and Jordi Varela-Agrelo and Dario Garcia-Gasulla and Miguel Castrillo Melguizo and Mario Acosta and Amanda Duarte},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.11793},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11793},
}

@article{starfeldt2026urban,
  title = {Urban Heat MiniCubes: An AI-Ready dataset for urban heat research},
  author = {Jonathan Starfeldt and Maria J. Molina and Alexander Kerr and Adam Yang and Thomas R. H. Holmes and Christopher R. Hain},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.11534},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11534},
}

@article{kasteleyn2026physmetricsweather,
  title = {PhysMetrics.Weather: An Evaluation Framework for Physical Consistency in ML Weather Models},
  author = {Emma Kasteleyn and Timo Maier and Axel Lauer and Veronika Eyring and Pierre Gentine and Ana Lucic},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.10642},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10642},
}

@article{sheikh2026mmclima,
  title = {MMClima: A Framework for Multimodal Climate Science Data and Evaluation},
  author = {Muhammad Umer Sheikh and Hassan Abid and Khawar Shehzad and Ufaq Khan and Muhammad Haris Khan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.10194},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10194},
}

@article{nieuwkoop2026temporal,
  title = {Temporal Context Conditioning for Seasonality-Aware Precipitation Nowcasting of High-Intensity Rainfall},
  author = {Gijs van Nieuwkoop and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.09959},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.09959},
}

@article{cui2026stochastic,
  title = {Stochastic weather generators for high-frequency wind vector time series},
  author = {Mingshi Cui and Kevin Eng and Justin T. Greene and Zern Ke and Abolfazl Sodagartojgi and Zhiqiu Xia and Gemma E. Moran and Michael L. Stein},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.09941},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.09941},
}

@article{ma2026deep,
  title = {Deep learning reveals a stronger fossil fuel influence than biomass burning in shaping remote tropospheric ozone},
  author = {Chaoqun Ma and Hang Su and Yafang Cheng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.09793},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.09793},
}

@article{kim2026learning,
  title = {Learning to Solve Generative ODEs Beyond the Linear Span},
  author = {Sihyeon Kim and Seunghun Lee and Vikas Singh and Hyunwoo J. Kim},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.08672},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08672},
}

@article{chen2026physicsguided,
  title = {Physics-Guided Dual Decoding and Spectral Supervision for Global 3D Hydrometeor Prediction},
  author = {Dandan Chen and Yaqiang Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.08563},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08563},
}

@article{perez2026setbased,
  title = {Set-Based Transformer for Atmospheric Compensation in Standoff LWIR Hyperspectral Imaging},
  author = {Fabian Perez and Nicolas Quintero and Jeferson Acevedo and Hoover Rueda-Chacon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.08324},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08324},
}

@article{clark2026disentangling,
  title = {Disentangling the effects of sea surface temperature and CO$_2$ in global machine learned weather-climate emulators},
  author = {Spencer K. Clark and Troy Arcomano and James P. C. Duncan and Brian Henn and Anna Kwa and Jeremy McGibbon and W. Andre Perkins and Elynn Wu and Lucas M. Harris and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Christopher S. Bretherton},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.07928},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07928},
}

@article{singh2026temporal,
  title = {Temporal Coverage over Density: Parsimonious Training-Set Design for ML Climate Downscaling},
  author = {Karandeep Singh and Stefan Rahimi and Chad W. Thackeray and Stephen Cropper and Alex Hall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.07898},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07898},
}

@article{zhao2026tianjienviron,
  title = {TianJi-Environ: An Autonomous AI Scientist for Atmospheric Environmental Research},
  author = {Haoluo Zhao and Hongchun Zhang and Nan Li and Jing-Jia Luo and Kaikai Zhang and Mengyang Yu and Nan Chen and Tao Song and Fan Meng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.07697},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07697},
}

@article{rowell2026performance,
  title = {Performance Evaluation of GraphCast for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting over Brazil},
  author = {Wolfgang R. Rowell and Lucas S. Kupssinskü},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.06348},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.06348},
}

@article{hagg2026unetaccelerated,
  title = {U-Net-Accelerated Quality-Diversity Optimization for Climate-Adaptive Urban Layouts},
  author = {Alexander Hagg and Tania Guerrero and Dirk Reith},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.04658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.04658},
}

@article{minoza2026scalable,
  title = {Scalable Uncertainty Quantification for Extreme Weather Forecasting via Empirical Neural Tangent Kernels},
  author = {Jose Marie Antonio Miñoza and Rex Gregor Laylo and Sebastian C. Ibañez},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02886},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02886},
}

@article{dhanuka2026adaweather,
  title = {AdaWeather: Adaptively Mixing Probabilistic Weather Forecasts with Logarithmic Regret},
  author = {Saptarishi Dhanuka and Sarvesh Iyer and Manmeet Singh and Mihir More and Rushil Gupta and Dhruman Gupta and Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay and Sandeep Juneja},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02663},
}

@article{zhou2026learning,
  title = {Learning to Refine: Spectral-Decoupled Iterative Refinement Framework for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Yunlong Zhou and Chen Zhao and Danyang Peng and Fanfan Ji and Xiao-Tong Yuan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02661},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02661},
}

@article{yuan2026samudra,
  title = {Samudra 2: Scaling Ocean Emulators across Resolutions},
  author = {Yuan Yuan and Jesse Rusak and Alexander Merose and Adam Subel and Pavel Perezhogin and Alistair Adcroft and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02610},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02610},
}

@article{loer2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic storyline attribution using machine learning},
  author = {Frieder Loer and Maybritt Schillinger and Sebastian Sippel},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02550},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02550},
}

@article{wetherell2026flow,
  title = {Flow Matching for Convective-Scale Precipitation Downscaling},
  author = {Tom Wetherell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.00281},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00281},
}

@article{schusterbauer2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Precipitation Nowcasting with Rectified Flow Transformers},
  author = {Johannes Schusterbauer and Jannik Wiese and Nick Stracke and Timy Phan and Björn Ommer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.31204},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31204},
}

@article{baggio2026forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting threshold exceedance of atmospheric variables at a specific location},
  author = {Roberta Baggio and Jean-François Muzy},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.31079},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31079},
}

@article{beronvera2026learning,
  title = {Learning effective Sargassum transport dynamics from limited drifter observations},
  author = {F. J. Beron-VEra and M. J. Olascoaga and J. Morell and E. Cruz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.30603},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30603},
}

@article{lehmann2026ai,
  title = {Can AI Weather Models Predict Beyond Two Weeks? A Quantitative Benchmark and Analysis of Long Rollouts},
  author = {Fanny Lehmann and Firat Ozdemir and Yun Cheng and Torsten Hoefler and Sebastian Schemm and Benedikt Soja and Siddhartha Mishra},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.30184},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30184},
}

@article{nieuwkoop2026beyond,
  title = {Beyond MSE: Improving Precipitation Nowcasting with Multi-Quantile Regression},
  author = {Gijs van Nieuwkoop and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.30122},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30122},
}

@article{singh2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating Skill and Stability of ArchesWeather and ArchesWeatherGen under Multi-Decadal Climate Simulations},
  author = {Renu Singh and Robert Brunstein and Antonia Jost and Yana Hasson and Thomas Rackow and Claire Monteleoni and Christian Lessig and Guillaume Couairon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.29976},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29976},
}

@article{huang2026steering,
  title = {Steering Tropical Cyclones Using Small Perturbations in an AI Weather Model},
  author = {Qin Huang and Moyan Liu and Yeongbin Kwon and Upmanu Lall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.29248},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29248},
}

@article{gooya2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic bias adjustment of seasonal forecasts using generative machine learning: A case study of Arctic sea ice predictions},
  author = {Parsa Gooya and Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.29172},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29172},
}

@article{roy2026foundation,
  title = {Towards a Foundation Model for the Martian Atmosphere},
  author = {Sujit Roy and Udayshankar Nair and Yuling Wu and Georgios Priftis and Liping Wang and Anastasia Georgiou and Anne Jones and Björn Lütjens and Johannes Schmude and Campbell Watson and Rachel A. Slank and Ankur Kumar and Anirbit Mukherjee and Procheta Sen and Ramin Lolachi and Haonan Chen and Manil Maskey and Juan Bernabé-Moreno and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.28851},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28851},
}

@article{zhao2026skillful,
  title = {Skillful high-resolution weather forecasting independent of physical models},
  author = {Pengcheng Zhao and Siqi Xiang and Weixin Jin and Zekun Ni and Jiang Bian and Zuliang Fang and Hongyu Sun and Bin Zhang and Richard E. Turner and Jonathan Weyn and Haiyu Dong and Kit Thambiratnam and Qi Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.28153},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28153},
}

@article{rodriguez2026emergent,
  title = {Emergent conservation in atmospheric chemical mechanisms},
  author = {Beatriz Lucia G. Rodriguez and Patrick Obin Sturm and Daniel Getter and Sam J. Silva},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.27271},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27271},
}

@article{kurchaba2026explainable,
  title = {Explainable Comparison of Feature-Based and Deep Learning Models for TROPOMI Methane Plume Screening},
  author = {Solomiia Kurchaba and Joannes D. Maasakkers and Berend J. Schuit and Ilse Aben},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.27236},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27236},
}

@article{luitel2026aircastsr,
  title = {AirCast-SR: A Foundation Model for Kilometer-Scale Atmospheric Super-Resolution via Latent Consistency Diffusion},
  author = {Somnath Luitel and Manmeet Singh and Joshua Durkee and Abdullah Al Fahad and Naveen Sudharsan and Prabhjot Singh and Cenlin He and Harsh Kamath and Zong-Liang Yang and Krishnagopal Halder and Sandeep Juneja and Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay and Saptarishi Dhanuka and Amit Kumar Srivastava},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.26130},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.26130},
}

@article{manjunath2026llm,
  title = {LLM Agent Based Renewable Energy Forecasting Using Edge and IoT Data A Review of Solar Wind Weather and Grid Aware Decision Support},
  author = {Pavan Manjunath and Thomas Pruefer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.25141},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25141},
}

@article{li2026realbench,
  title = {RealBench: Benchmarking Data-Driven Numerical Weather Forecasting Under Operational Conditions and Extreme Event Challenges},
  author = {Ruize Li and Zhibin Wen and Tao Han and Hao Chen and Fenghua Ling and Wei Zhang and Song Guo and Lei Bai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.24945},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24945},
}

@article{chen2026exascale,
  title = {Exascale Hybrid Numerical-AI Ensembles for Operational Flood-Season Forecasting in East Asia: 15-km Decadal Hindcasts and 1-km High-Resolution Capability},
  author = {Mengxuan Chen and Yunpu Xu and Qiuyan Sun and Han Zhang and Jiayi Lai and Zheng Zhou and Juepeng Zheng and Hongsong Meng and Nan Wei and Jinxiao Zhang and Xiongchuan Tan and Haodong Bian and Yinan Cai and Ge Yang and Fang Wang and Yunyun Liu and Conghui He and Runmin Dong and Lanning Wang and Yutong Lu and Yongjiu Dai and Haohuan Fu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.24896},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24896},
}

@article{pierzyna2026jaxscm,
  title = {JAX-SCM v1.0: a modern atmospheric single-column model for boundary layer research},
  author = {Maximilian Pierzyna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.24544},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24544},
}

@article{perezcarrasco2026plume,
  title = {Plume Segmentation from MethaneSAT with Cross-Sensor Transfer Learning and Physics-Informed Postprocessing},
  author = {Manuel Pérez-Carrasco and Maya Nasr and Zhan Zhang and Apisada Chulakadabba and Javier Roger and Raia Ottenheimer and Sébastien Roche and Maryann Sargent and Chris Chan Miller and Daniel Varon and Jack Warren and Luis Guanter and Kang Sun and Jonathan Franklin and Jia Chen and Cecilia Garraffo and Xiong Liu and Ritesh Gautam and Steven Wofsy},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.24273},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24273},
}

@article{zhu2026volador,
  title = {Volador 1.0: A Data-Driven Air-Sea Full-Coupling Regional Forecast Model with Submesoscale-Permitting Based on MOE-Swin-Transformer Framework},
  author = {Yuhang Zhu and Jianxin Wang and Yu-kun Qian and Yineng Li and Yahui Liu and Yankun Gong and Shilin Tang and Shiqiu Peng and Tao Song},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.24032},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24032},
}

@article{james2026improving,
  title = {Improving Ensemble CAPE Forecasts with a Diffusion Model Incorporating Aerosol Information},
  author = {Zachary James and Joseph Guinness and Arthur DeGaetano},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.24009},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24009},
}

@article{sonabendw2026quantification,
  title = {Quantification of atmospheric carbon dioxide from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES East)},
  author = {Aaron Sonabend-W and Sean Campbell and John Platt and Christopher Van Arsdale and Anna M. Michalak},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.23991},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23991},
}

@article{craig2026physics,
  title = {The physics of AI weather models},
  author = {George Craig and Tobias Selz and Matthias Beylich and Kirsten I. Tempest},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.23778},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23778},
}

@article{dong2026precipitation,
  title = {Precipitation diffusion downscaling and application to out-of-distribution simulations with and without stratospheric aerosol injection},
  author = {Cameron Dong and James W. Hurrell and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.23776},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23776},
}

@article{wang2026hybrid,
  title = {Hybrid Quantum-Classical Corrective Diffusion Modeling for Meteorological Downscaling},
  author = {Rui Wang and Edoardo Pasetto and Amer Delilbasic and Morris Riedel and Kristel Michielsen and Gabriele Cavallaro},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.23403},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23403},
}

@article{sanchezdemiguel2026impact,
  title = {Impact of Atmospheric Turbulence and Pointing Error on Earth Observation},
  author = {Celia Sánchez-de-Miguel and Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez and Beatriz Soret and Antonio Jurado-Navas and Miguel Castillo-Vázquez},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.22268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22268},
}

@article{stanleyclamp2026no,
  title = {No Epoch Like the Present: Robust Climate Emulation Requires Out-of-Distribution Generalisation},
  author = {Bradley Stanley-Clamp and Anson Lei and Hannah M. Christensen and Ingmar Posner},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.22248},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22248},
}

@article{peng2026simulation,
  title = {A Simulation Methodology Testbed for Typhoon Sensitivity Analysis: Framework Development and Perturbation-Response Experiments with the Pangu Weather Model},
  author = {Yuehua Peng and Yuchen Zhang and Qin Huang and Chengzhi Ye and Jingsong Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.21864},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21864},
}

@article{pidduck2026licensing,
  title = {From Licensing to Open Access: Designing a Sustainable Transition in Operational Weather Data},
  author = {Emma Pidduck and Umberto Modigliani and Victoria L. Bennett and Fabio Venuti and Florian Pappenberger and Florence Rabier},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.21673},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21673},
}

@article{shin2026visibility,
  title = {Visibility nowcasting in South Korea: a machine learning approach to class imbalance and distribution shift},
  author = {Bong Gyun Shin and Chan Sik Lee and Hyesun Suh},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.21507},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21507},
}

@article{shipway2026blending,
  title = {Blending machine learning and physics-based approaches for weather and climate: a typology},
  author = {Benjamin J Shipway and Caroline Bain and David Walters and Ben B. B. Booth and Ian Boutle and Robin T. Clark and Katherine L. Hill and Elizabeth Kendon and Simon B. Vosper},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.20925},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20925},
}

@article{hillier2026deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Surrogates for Emulating Stochastic Climate Tipping Dynamics},
  author = {Adeline Hillier and Jennifer Sleeman and Jay Brett and Caroline Tang and Jenelle Millison and Anand Gnanadesikan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.20580},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20580},
}

@article{savary2026trainingfree,
  title = {Training-Free Bayesian Filtering with Generative Emulators},
  author = {Thomas Savary and François Rozet and Gilles Louppe},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.20028},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20028},
}

@article{han2026global,
  title = {Global kilometre-scale tropical cyclone inner-core vector winds from sparse scalar CYGNSS observations},
  author = {Xinhai Han and Xiaohui Li and Jingsong Yang and Zeyi Niu and Guoqi Han and Jiuke Wang and Wei Huang and Yunxia Zheng and Hanyue Ni and Yiqi Wang and Wei Tao and Lotfi Aouf and Shaoliang Peng and Dake Chen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.18477},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18477},
}

@article{houedry2026spherical,
  title = {Spherical Harmonic Optimal Transport: Application to Climate Models Comparisons},
  author = {Pierre Houédry and Iskander Legheraba and Léo Buecher and Nicolas Courty},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.18389},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18389},
}

@article{marchisio2026qlifcast,
  title = {QLIF-CAST: Quantum Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire for Time-Series Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Alberto Marchisio and Aayan Ebrahim and Nouhaila Innan and Muhammad Kashif and Muhammad Shafique},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.18333},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18333},
}

@article{wang2026longwang,
  title = {Longwang: Zero-Shot Global Spatiotemporal Precipitation Downscaling with a Latent Generative Prior},
  author = {Yue Wang and Daniele Visioni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.17603},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17603},
}

@article{cheon2026beyond,
  title = {Beyond Linear Superposition: Discovering Climate Features in AI Weather Models with KAN-SAE},
  author = {Minjong Cheon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.17493},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17493},
}

@article{ozeki2026learning,
  title = {Learning Displacement-Robust Representations for Landslide Early Warning under Rainfall Forecast Uncertainty},
  author = {Ren Ozeki and Hamada Rizk and Hirozumi Yamaguchi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.17419},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17419},
}

@article{clyne2026emulating,
  title = {Emulating the Forced Response of Climate Models with Flow Matching},
  author = {Graham Clyne and Julia Kaltenborn and Peer Nowack and Claire Monteleoni and Anasatase Charantonis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.16929},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16929},
}

@article{assouline2026swaitherprecip,
  title = {SwAIther-Precip: Lead-Time-Aware Bias Correction Enables Kilometer-Scale Downscaling of Global AI Precipitation Forecasts over Switzerland},
  author = {Dan Assouline and Erwan Koch and Federico Amato and Filippo Quarenghi and Daniele Nerini and Thibaut Loiseau and Kyle van de Langemheen and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.16163},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16163},
}

@article{holmberg2026njord,
  title = {Njord: A Probabilistic Graph Neural Network for Ensemble Ocean Forecasting},
  author = {Daniel Holmberg and Joel Oskarsson and Erik Wikingsson and Fredrik Lindsten and Teemu Roos},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.15470},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15470},
}

@article{shi2026mambarain,
  title = {MambaRain: Multi-Scale Mamba-Attention Framework for 0-3 Hour Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Chunlei Shi and Cui Wu and Xiang Xu and Hao Li and Ni Fan and Xue Han and Yongchao Feng and Yufeng Zhu and Boyu Liu and Zengliang Zang and Hongbin Wang and Yanlan Yang and Dan Niu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.14606},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14606},
}

@article{shi2026vmudiff,
  title = {VMU-Diff: A Coarse-to-fine Multi-source Data Fusion Framework for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Chunlei Shi and Hao Li and Yufeng Zhu and Boyu Liu and Yongchao Feng and Zengliang Zang and Hongbin Wang and Yanlan Yang and Dan Niu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.14597},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14597},
}

@article{yang2026plugandplay,
  title = {A plug-and-play generative framework for multi-satellite precipitation estimation},
  author = {Yunfan Yang and Haofei Sun and Xiuyu Sun and Wei Han and Xiaoze Xu and Xingtao Song and Jun Li and Zhiqiu Gao and Wei Huang and Hao Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.14426},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14426},
}

@article{ueyama2026guided,
  title = {Guided Diffusion Sampling for Precipitation Forecast Interventions},
  author = {Ayumu Ueyama and Kazuhiko Kawamoto and Hiroshi Kera},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.14317},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14317},
}

@article{jia2026forcingdas,
  title = {ForcingDAS: Unified and Robust Data Assimilation via Diffusion Forcing},
  author = {Yixuan Jia and Siyi Chen and Yida Pan and Xiao Li and Lianghe Shi and Chanyong Jung and Haijie Yuan and Ismail Alkhouri and Yue Cynthia Wu and Saiprasad Ravishankar and Jeffrey A Fessler and Qing Qu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.14285},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14285},
}

@article{kurchaba2026spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatiotemporal downscaling and nowcasting of urban land surface temperatures with deep neural networks},
  author = {Solomiia Kurchaba and Angela Meyer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.13566},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13566},
}

@article{wen2026mccast,
  title = {McCast: Memory-Guided Latent Drift Correction for Long-Horizon Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Penghui Wen and Yu Luo and Lintao Wang and Mengwei He and Patrick Filippi and Thomas Francis Bishop and Zhiyong Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.13197},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13197},
}

@article{wen2026stable,
  title = {Stable Attention Response for Reliable Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Penghui Wen and Zexin Hu and Sen Zhang and Patrick Filippi and Xiaogang Zhu and Allen Benter and Thomas Bishop and Zhiyong Wang and Kun Hu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.13181},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13181},
}

@article{lee2026assessment,
  title = {Assessment of cloud and associated radiation fields from a GAN stochastic cloud subcolumn generator},
  author = {Dongmin Lee and Lazaros Oreopoulos and Nayeong Cho and Daeho Jin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.11968},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11968},
}

@article{kutsuna2026generative,
  title = {Generative climate downscaling enables high-resolution compound risk assessment by preserving multivariate dependencies},
  author = {Takuro Kutsuna and Noriko N. Ishizaki and Norihiro Oyama and Hiroaki Yoshida},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.11531},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11531},
}

@article{park2026acceleration,
  title = {Acceleration of horizontal numerical advection for atmospheric modeling through surrogate modeling with temporal coarse-graining},
  author = {Manho Park and Christopher V. Rackauckas and Christopher W. Tessum},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.10956},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10956},
}

@article{horvathmakkos2026interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable rainfall modelling reveals rapid reorganisation of Amazonian rainfall under vegetation loss},
  author = {Lilly Horvath-Makkos and Fayyaz Minhas},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.10948},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10948},
}

@article{zhu2026pixelflowcast,
  title = {PixelFlowCast: Latent-Free Precipitation Nowcasting via Pixel Mean Flows},
  author = {Yufeng Zhu and Chunlei Shi and Yongchao Feng and Dan Niu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.10046},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10046},
}

@article{castro2026metbra25y,
  title = {METBRA25Y: Brazil Surface Meteorology Archive with Harmonized Variables and Quality Control},
  author = {Matheus Lima Castro and William Dantas Vichete and Leopoldo Lusquino Filho},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.08701},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.08701},
}

@article{tolentino2026learning,
  title = {Learning from Translation: Seasonal Errors and Feature Importance of the ERA5 Turbulence Predictions},
  author = {Arial Tolentino and Markus Petters and Luat T. Vuong},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.07981},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07981},
}

@article{xu2026cloudtop,
  title = {Cloud-top infrared observations reveal the four-dimensional precipitation structure},
  author = {Tianchi Xu and Ziqiang Ma and Andrea Marinoni and Yuanpeng He and Xiaoqing Li and Chuanfeng Zhao and Kang He and Jintao Xu and Bohan Zhou and Wenbo Zhao and Haoshuang Chen and Tun Wang and Dongdong Wang and Yang Hong},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.07499},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07499},
}

@article{pfreundschuh2026gprofir,
  title = {GPROF-IR: An Improved Single-Channel Infrared Precipitation Retrieval for Merged Satellite Precipitation Products},
  author = {Simon Pfreundschuh and Christian D. Kummerow and Jackson Tan and George J. Huffman},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.07167},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07167},
}

@article{henn2026aimip,
  title = {AIMIP Phase 1: systematic evaluations of AI weather and climate models},
  author = {Brian Henn and Christopher S. Bretherton and Nikolay Koldunov and Christian Lessig and Maria J. Molina and Troy Arcomano and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Guillaume Couairon and Renu Singh and Robert Brunstein and Yana Hasson and Antonia Jost and Noah Brenowitz and Peter Manshausen and Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay and Dale Durran and Kyle Joseph Chen Hall and Janni Yuval and Dmitrii Kochkov and Stephan Hoyer and Ignacio Lopez-Gomez},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.06944},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06944},
}

@article{xu2026tyche,
  title = {Tyche: One Step Flow for Efficient Probabilistic Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Fan Xu and Yuan Gao and Kun Wang and Rui Su and Fenghua Ling and Hao Wu and Wanli Ouyang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.06916},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06916},
}

@article{heranval2026wasserstein,
  title = {A Wasserstein GAN-based climate scenario generator for risk management and insurance: the case of soil subsidence},
  author = {Antoine Heranval and Olivier Lopez and Didier Ngatcha and Daniel Nkameni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.06678},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06678},
}

@article{gong2026eartho1,
  title = {Earth-o1: A Grid-free Observation-native Atmospheric World Model},
  author = {Junchao Gong and Kaiyi Xu and Wangxu Wei and Siwei Tu and Jingyi Xu and Zili Liu and Hang Fan and Zhiwang Zhou and Tao Han and Yi Xiao and Xinyu Gu and Zhangrui Li and Wenlong Zhang and Hao Chen and Xiaokang Yang and Yaqiang Wang and Lijing Cheng and Pierre Gentine and Wanli Ouyang and Feng Zhang and Zhe-Min Tan and Bowen Zhou and Fenghua Ling and Ben Fei and Lei Bai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.06337},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06337},
}

@article{sarabia2026drops,
  title = {From Drops to Grid: Noise-Aware Spatio-Temporal Neural Process for Rainfall Estimation},
  author = {Rafael Pablos Sarabia and Joachim Nyborg and Morten Birk and Ira Assent},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.05912},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05912},
}

@article{edris2026prediction,
  title = {Prediction of Drought and Flash Drought in Africa at the Seasonal-to-Subseasonal Scale using the Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin Framework},
  author = {Stuart Edris and Amy McGovern and Jason Hickey},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.05255},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05255},
}

@article{haslauer2026interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable Neural Networks to Predict Momentum Fluxes of Orographic Gravity Waves},
  author = {Elias Haslauer and Mierk Schwabe and Andreas Dörnbrack and Edwin P. Gerber and Markus Rapp and Nedjeljka Žagar and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.05052},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05052},
}

@article{tivenan2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Classification and Uncertainty Quantification of Sahara Desert Climate Using Feedforward Neural Networks},
  author = {Stephen Tivenan and Indranil Sahoo and Yanjun Qian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.04286},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04286},
}

@article{froehlich2026climatebased,
  title = {Climate-based Pre-screening of Self-sustaining Regreening Opportunities in Drylands: A Case Study for Saudi Arabia},
  author = {Katja Froehlich and Jonathan Klein and Ibrahim S. Elbasyoni and Julian D. Hunt and Yoshihide Wada and Dominik L. Michels},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.04206},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04206},
}

@article{morrow2026enabling,
  title = {Enabling Real-Time Training of a Wildfire-to-Smoke Map with Multilinear Operators},
  author = {Zachary Morrow and Joseph Crockett and John D. Jakeman and Dan J. Krofcheck},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.04164},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04164},
}

@article{hernandez2026aerosol,
  title = {Aerosol memory in stratocumulus clouds leads to noise-induced patterns and non-ergodic sampling},
  author = {Benjamin Hernandez and Franziska Glassmeier},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.04002},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04002},
}

@article{pohle2026uncertainty,
  title = {Uncertainty Quantification in Forecast Comparisons},
  author = {Marc-Oliver Pohle and Tanja Zahn and Sebastian Lerch},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.03997},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03997},
}

@article{manshausen2026accurate,
  title = {Towards accurate extreme event likelihoods from diffusion model climate emulators},
  author = {Peter Manshausen and Noah Brenowitz and Julius Berner and Karthik Kashinath and Mike Pritchard},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.03802},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03802},
}

@article{jadhav2026podiff,
  title = {PODiff: Latent Diffusion in Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Space for Scientific Super-Resolution},
  author = {Onkar Jadhav and Tim French and Matthew Rayson and Nicole L. Jones},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.03399},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03399},
}

@article{biswas2026physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Neural Learning for State Reconstruction and Parameter Identification in Coupled Greenhouse Climate Dynamics},
  author = {Sani Biswas and Khursheed J. Ansari and Md. Nasim Akhtar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.02524},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02524},
}

@article{nai2026cast3,
  title = {Cast3: Translating numerical weather prediction principles into data-driven forecasting},
  author = {Congyi Nai and Baoxiang Pan and Yuan Liang and Xi Chen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.01599},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01599},
}

@article{s2026prediction,
  title = {Prediction and Predictability of the Wet-Season Rainfall over Southeast India},
  author = {Harini S and Devabrat Sharma and Yogenraj Patil and Gaurav Chopra and Shruti Tandon and B. N. Goswami and R. I. Sujith},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.01326},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01326},
}

@article{mcgovern2026extreme,
  title = {Extreme Weather Bench: A framework and benchmark for evaluation of high-impact weather},
  author = {Amy McGovern and Taylor Mandelbaum and Daniel Rothenberg and Nicholas Loveday and Corey Potvin and Montgomery Flora and Linus Magnusson and Eric Gilleland and John Allen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.01126},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01126},
}

@article{cherukuru2026scientific,
  title = {Toward a Scientific Discovery Engine for Weather and Climate Data: A Visual Analytics Workbench for Embedding-Based Exploration},
  author = {Nihanth W. Cherukuru and Matt Rehme and Kirsten J. Mayer and David John Gagne and John Schreck and John Clyne and Charlie Becker},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00972},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00972},
}

@article{loo2026adaptive,
  title = {An Adaptive Spatiotemporal Clustering Framework for 3D Ocean Subsurface Temperature Reconstruction},
  author = {Ming Shan Loo and Wengen Li and Xudong Jiang and Hailiang Cheng and Zhifei Zhang and Jihong Guan and Yichao Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00860},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00860},
}

@article{ozdemir2026earth,
  title = {Earth System Foundation Model (ESFM): A unified framework for heterogeneous data integration and forecasting},
  author = {Firat Ozdemir and Yun Cheng and Salman Mohebi and Fanny Lehmann and Simon Adamov and Zhenyi Zhang and Leonardo Trentini and Dana Grund and Oliver Fuhrer and Torsten Hoefler and Siddhartha Mishra and Sebastian Schemm and Benedikt Soja and Mathieu Salzmann},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00850},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00850},
}

@article{dubus2026leveraging,
  title = {Leveraging Climate Services to Build Climate Resilient Power Systems},
  author = {Laurent Dubus and Alberto Troccoli and Aron zuiker and Laurens Stoop},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00717},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00717},
}

@article{chen2026federated,
  title = {Federated Weather Modeling on Sensor Data},
  author = {Shengchao Chen and Guodong Long},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00322},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00322},
}

@article{li2026unbox,
  title = {Unbox Responsible GeoAI: Navigating Climate Extreme and Disaster Mapping},
  author = {Hao Li and Steffen Knoblauch},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00315},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00315},
}

@article{becerra2026datadriven,
  title = {Data-Driven Modelling to predict forest fire spread in the Patagonian region in Argentina},
  author = {Lucas Becerra and Monica Malen Denham and Alejandro B. Kolton and Karina Laneri},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.00167},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00167},
}

@article{ballandies2026calibrating,
  title = {Calibrating Attribution Proxies for Reward Allocation in Participatory Weather Sensing},
  author = {Mark C. Ballandies and Michael T. C. Chiu and Claudio J. Tessone},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.27944},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27944},
}

@article{saleem2026pinncast,
  title = {PINN-Cast: Exploring the Role of Continuous-Depth NODE in Transformers and Physics Informed Loss as Soft Physical Constraints in Short-term Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Hira Saleem and Flora Salim and Cormac Purcell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.27313},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27313},
}

@article{mirhoseini2026observationguided,
  title = {Observation-Guided Neural Surrogate Learning for Scientific Simulation Emulation: A Single-Gauge Flood-Inundation Proof of Concept},
  author = {Marzieh Alireza Mirhoseini},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.25890},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25890},
}

@article{mangeleer2026physical,
  title = {The Physical Limit of Neural Hypoxia Detection in the Black Sea from Satellite Observations},
  author = {Victor Mangeleer and Luc Vandenbulcke and Marilaure Grégoire and Gilles Louppe},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.25608},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25608},
}

@article{hahner2026representing,
  title = {Representing the Surface Ocean in ECMWF's data-driven forecasting system AIFS},
  author = {Sara Hahner and Lorenzo Zampieri and Jean-Raymond Bidlot and Philip Browne and Matthew Chantry and Mariana C. A. Clare and Harrison Cook and Peter Dueben and Rachel Furner and Sarah Keeley and Josh Kousal and Simon Lang and Christian Lessig and Gert Mertes and Kristian Mogensen and Gabriel Moldovan and Charles Pelletier and Florian Pinault and Ana Prieto Nemesio and Baudouin Raoult and Irina Sandu and Mario Santa Cruz and Jakob Schloer and Steffen Tietsche and Hao Zuo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.25559},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25559},
}

@article{brinkerhoff2026conditional,
  title = {Conditional Flow Matching for Probabilistic Downscaling of Maximum 3-day Snowfall in Alaska},
  author = {Douglas Brinkerhoff and Elizabeth Fischer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.25172},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25172},
}

@article{kim2026kmetbench,
  title = {K-MetBench: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Fine-Grained Evaluation of Expert Reasoning, Locality, and Multimodality in Meteorology},
  author = {Soyeon Kim and Cheongwoong Kang and Myeongjin Lee and Eun-Chul Chang and Jaedeok Lee and Jaesik Choi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.24645},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24645},
}

@article{wu2026amplified,
  title = {Amplified Urban Climate Extremes from Global Warming-Urbanization Synergy: A Physics-Informed Intelligence Paradigm},
  author = {Qiuxia Wu and Yaqiang Wang and Huabing Ke},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.24333},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24333},
}

@article{cui2026impanet,
  title = {IMPA-Net: Meteorology-Aware Multi-Scale Attention and Dynamic Loss for Extreme Convective Radar Nowcasting},
  author = {Haofei Cui and Guangxin He and Juanzhen Sun and Jingjia Luo and Haonan Chen and Xiaoran Zhuang and Mingxuan Chen and Xian Xiao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.24224},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24224},
}

@article{abubakkar2026interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable Physics-Informed Load Forecasting for U.S. Grid Resilience: SHAP-Guided Ensemble Validation in Hybrid Deep Learning Under Extreme Weather},
  author = {Md Abubakkar and Sajib Debnath and Md. Uzzal Mia},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.23500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.23500},
}

@article{sawadekar2026differentiable,
  title = {A Differentiable Framework for Global Circulation Model Precipitation Bias Correction},
  author = {Kamlesh Sawadekar and Seth McGinnis and Peijun Li and Kathryn Lawson and Chaopeng Shen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.23045},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.23045},
}

@article{meinhardt2026deep,
  title = {Deep Clustering for Climate: Analyzing Teleconnections through Learned Categorical States},
  author = {Lívia Meinhardt and Dário Oliveira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.22909},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22909},
}

@article{essafouri2026explanation,
  title = {Explanation of Dynamic Physical Field Predictions using WassersteinGrad: Application to Autoregressive Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Younes Essafouri and Laure Raynaud and Luciano Drozda and Laurent Risser},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.22580},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22580},
}

@article{polichtchouk2026hybridb,
  title = {Hybrid weather prediction using spectral nudging toward machine-learning forecasts},
  author = {I. Polichtchouk and M. C. A. Clare and M. Chantry and E. Gascón and M. Maier-Gerber and B. Vanniere and S. Lang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.22522},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22522},
}

@article{chapron2026optimal,
  title = {Optimal sensor placement for the reconstruction of ocean states using differentiable Gumbel-Softmax sampling operator},
  author = {Oscar Chapron and Ronan Fablet and Yann Stéphan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.22511},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22511},
}

@article{ahmed2026assessing,
  title = {Assessing Emulator Design and Training for Modal Aerosol Microphysics Parameterizations in E3SMv2},
  author = {Shady E. Ahmed and Hui Wan and Saad Qadeer and Panos Stinis and Kezhen Chong and Mohammad Taufiq Hassan Mozumder and Kai Zhang and Ann S. Almgren},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.21233},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21233},
}

@article{ayapilla2026uncertaintyaware,
  title = {Uncertainty-Aware Spatiotemporal Super-Resolution Data Assimilation with Diffusion Models},
  author = {Aditya Sai Pranith Ayapilla and Kazuya Miyashita and Yuki Yasuda and Ryo Onishi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.21180},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21180},
}

@article{wang2026climtparaformer,
  title = {climt-paraformer: Stable Emulation of Convective Parameterization using a Temporal Memory-aware Transformer},
  author = {Shuochen Wang and Nishant Yadav and Joy Merwin Monteiro and Auroop R. Ganguly},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.21085},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.21085},
}

@article{tempest2026mechanistic,
  title = {Mechanistic Interpretability Tool for AI Weather Models},
  author = {Kirsten I. Tempest and Matthias Beylich and George C. Craig},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.20467},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.20467},
}

@article{shin2026connecting,
  title = {Connecting the forward problem to the inverse problem in uncertainty quantification of Earth system models using fast emulators},
  author = {Ethan YoungIn Shin and Baris Kale and Michael F. Howland},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.19500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19500},
}

@article{iwase2026improvements,
  title = {Improvements to the post-processing of weather forecasts using machine learning and feature selection},
  author = {Kazuma Iwase and Tomoyuki Takenawa},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.19340},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19340},
}

@article{shyam2026attentionbased,
  title = {Attention-based Multi-modal Deep Learning Model of Spatio-temporal Crop Yield Prediction with Satellite, Soil and Climate Data},
  author = {Gopal Krishna Shyam and Ila Chandrakar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.19217},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19217},
}

@article{liu2026instabilityaware,
  title = {Instability-Aware Steering of an Extreme Atmospheric River in an AI Weather Foundation Model},
  author = {Moyan Liu and Qin Huang and Upmanu Lall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.18906},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18906},
}

@article{agarwal2026skillful,
  title = {Skillful Global Ocean Emulation and the Role of Correlation-Aware Loss},
  author = {Niraj Agarwal and Timothy A. Smith and Sergey Frolov and Laura C. Slivinski},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.18727},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18727},
}

@article{ouattara2026stylebased,
  title = {Style-Based Neural Architectures for Real-Time Weather Classification},
  author = {Hamed Ouattara and Pascal Houssam Salmane and Pierre Duthon and Frédéric Bernardin and Omar Ait Aider},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.18251},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18251},
}

@article{knoblauch2026aibased,
  title = {AI-based Waste Mapping for Addressing Climate-Exacerbated Flood Risk},
  author = {Steffen Knoblauch and Levi Szamek and Iddy Chazua and Benedcto Adamu and Innocent Maholi and Alexander Zipf},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.18151},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18151},
}

@article{wang2026climagent,
  title = {ClimAgent: LLM as Agents for Autonomous Open-ended Climate Science Analysis},
  author = {Hao Wang and Jindong Han and Wei Fan and Hao Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.16922},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16922},
}

@article{mctaggartcowan2026wpmip,
  title = {WP-MIP: An Artificial Intelligence, Hybrid, and Physically Based Model Intercomparison Project for Weather Prediction},
  author = {Ron McTaggart-Cowan and Linus Magnusson and Inna Polichtchouk and Duncan Ackerley and Martin Koehler and Barbara Casati and Jan-Huey Chen and Debra Hudson and Masashi Ujiie and Nurizana Amir Aziz and Massimo Bonavita and Zied Ben Bouallegue and Catherine de Burgh-Day and Stephane Chamberland and Kyounngmi Cho and Caio A. S. Coelho and Rostislav Fadeev and Manuel Fuentes and Jorge L. Garcia Franco and Claude Gilbert and Bruno S. Guimaraes and Chris Harris and Michelle Harrold and Syed Husain and Molly James and Alex Kaltenbaugh and Marta Koch and Paulo Y. Kubota and Eun-Hee Lee and Chen Li and Wei Li and Weiwei Li and Llorenc Lledo and Nicholas Loveday and Chrstian Lussana and Zubiar Maalick and Mohau J. Mateyisi and Amy McGovern and Koos van der Merwe and Joel Miller and Marion Mittermaier and Richard Mladek and Kathryn Newman and Andre L. O. Neves and John Pill and Roland Potthast and Maheswar Pradhan and Subhrajit Rath and David S. Richardson and Leo Separovic and Michelle Simoes Reboita and Gregor Skok and Ankur Srivastava and Mikhail Tolstykh and Zhuo Wang and Beth J. Woodham and Fanglin Yang and Radomir Zaripov and Gan Zhang and Hongyan Zhu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.16643},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16643},
}

@article{wang2026global,
  title = {Global Attention with Linear Complexity for Exascale Generative Data Assimilation in Earth System Prediction},
  author = {Xiao Wang and Zezhong Zhang and Isaac Lyngaas and Hong-Jun Yoon and Jong-Youl Choi and Siming Liang and Janet Wang and Hristo G. Chipilski and Ashwin M. Aji and Feng Bao and Peter Jan van Leeuwen and Dan Lu and Guannan Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.16590},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16590},
}

@article{zhdanov2026sparse,
  title = {(Sparse) Attention to the Details: Preserving Spectral Fidelity in ML-based Weather Forecasting Models},
  author = {Maksim Zhdanov and Ana Lucic and Max Welling and Jan-Willem van de Meent},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.16429},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16429},
}

@article{guan2026enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing AI and Dynamical Subseasonal Forecasts with Probabilistic Bias Correction},
  author = {Hannah Guan and Soukayna Mouatadid and Paulo Orenstein and Judah Cohen and Haiyu Dong and Zekun Ni and Jeremy Berman and Genevieve Flaspohler and Alex Lu and Jakob Schloer and Joshua Talib and Jonathan A. Weyn and Lester Mackey},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.16238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16238},
}

@article{panta2026m3r,
  title = {M3R: Localized Rainfall Nowcasting with Meteorology-Informed MultiModal Attention},
  author = {Sanjeev Panta and Rhett M Morvant and Xu Yuan and Li Chen and Nian-Feng Tzeng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.15377},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15377},
}

@article{adu2026ecobee,
  title = {Eco-Bee: A Personalised Multi-Modal Agent for Advancing Student Climate Awareness and Sustainable Behaviour in Campus Ecosystems},
  author = {Caleb Adu and Neil Kapadia and Binhe Liu and Jonathan Randall and Sruthi Viswanathan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.15327},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15327},
}

@article{gruber2026capturing,
  title = {Capturing Aleatoric Uncertainty in Climate Models},
  author = {Cornelia Gruber and Henri Funk and Magdalena Mittermeier and Helmut Küchenhoff and Göran Kauermann},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.15067},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15067},
}

@article{ouattara2026heuristic,
  title = {Heuristic Style Transfer for Real-Time, Efficient Weather Attribute Detection},
  author = {Hamed Ouattara and Pierre Duthon and Pascal Houssam Salmane and Frédéric Bernardin and Omar Ait Aider},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.13947},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13947},
}

@article{hall2026monthly,
  title = {Monthly Diffusion v0.9: A Latent Diffusion Model for the First AI-MIP},
  author = {Kyle J. C. Hall and Maria J. Molina},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.13481},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13481},
}

@article{sheikh2026gca,
  title = {GCA Framework: A GCC Countries-Grounded Dataset and Agentic Pipeline for Climate Decision Support},
  author = {Muhammad Umer Sheikh and Khawar Shehzad and Salman Khan and Fahad Shahbaz Khan and Muhammad Haris Khan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.12306},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12306},
}

@article{hewage2026beyond,
  title = {Beyond Weather Correlation: A Comparative Study of Static and Temporal Neural Architectures for Fine-Grained Residential Energy Consumption Forecasting in Melbourne, Australia},
  author = {Prasad Nimantha Madusanka Ukwatta Hewage and Hao Wu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.12304},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12304},
}

@article{chen2026datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven Urban Surface Classification Elucidates Global City Heterogeneity},
  author = {Yiheng Chen and Wai-Chi Cheng and Tzung-May Fu and Wei Tao and Aoxing Zhang and Jimmy C. H. Fung and Song Liu and Lei Zhu and Xin Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.12193},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12193},
}

@article{hang2026cyclonemae,
  title = {CycloneMAE: A Scalable Multi-Task Learning Model for Global Tropical Cyclone Probabilistic Forecasting},
  author = {Renlong Hang and Zihao Xu and Jiuwei Zhao and Runling Yu and Leye Cheng and Qingshan Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.12180},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12180},
}

@article{zhang2026fast,
  title = {Fast and principled equation discovery from chaos to climate},
  author = {Yuzheng Zhang and Weizhen Li and Rui Carvalho},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.11929},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11929},
}

@article{shi2026diffusioncontrastive,
  title = {A Diffusion-Contrastive Graph Neural Network with Virtual Nodes for Wind Nowcasting in Unobserved Regions},
  author = {Jie Shi and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.10328},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10328},
}

@article{batchu2026global,
  title = {Global monitoring of methane point sources using deep learning on hyperspectral radiance measurements from EMIT},
  author = {Vishal V. Batchu and Michelangelo Conserva and Alex Wilson and Anna M. Michalak and Varun Gulshan and Philip G. Brodrick and Andrew K. Thorpe and Christopher V. Arsdale},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.10094},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10094},
}

@article{pierzyna2026otprof,
  title = {OTProf: estimating high-resolution profiles of optical turbulence ($C_n^2$) from reanalysis using deep learning},
  author = {Maximilian Pierzyna and Sukanta Basu and Rudolf Saathof},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.09346},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09346},
}

@article{cachay2026ucast,
  title = {U-Cast: A Surprisingly Simple and Efficient Frontier Probabilistic AI Weather Forecaster},
  author = {Salva Rühling Cachay and Duncan Watson-Parris and Rose Yu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.09041},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09041},
}

@article{dejong2026cerberus,
  title = {CERBERUS: A Three-Headed Decoder for Vertical Cloud Profiles},
  author = {Emily K. deJong and Nipun Gunawardena and Kevin Smalley and Hassan Beydoun and Peter Caldwell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.08772},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08772},
}

@article{hana2026generative,
  title = {Generative 3D Gaussian Splatting for Arbitrary-ResolutionAtmospheric Downscaling and Forecasting},
  author = {Tao Hana and Zhibin Wen and Zhenghao Chen and Fenghua Lin and Junyu Gao and Song Guo and Lei Bai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.07928},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07928},
}

@article{zhou2026comparing,
  title = {Comparing Ocean Forecasts Driven with Machine Learning-based and Physics-based Atmospheric Forcings},
  author = {Xiaobing Zhou and Frank Colberg and Debra Hudson and Yonghong Yin and Griffith Young and Christopher Bladwell and Catherine Deburgh-Day},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.07861},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07861},
}

@article{wisinski2026whats,
  title = {What's in the latent space? Exploring coupled tropical Pacific variability within a Multi-branch $β$-Variational Autoencoder},
  author = {Emily F. Wisinski and Maria J. Molina and Kyle J. C. Hall and Hannah Bao and Salil Mahajan and Nan Rosenbloom and John Fasullo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.07137},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07137},
}

@article{cardosobihlo2026solverintheloop,
  title = {A solver-in-the-loop framework for end-to-end differentiable coastal hydrodynamics},
  author = {Elsa Cardoso-Bihlo and Alex Bihlo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.07129},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07129},
}

@article{perezhogin2026calibration,
  title = {Calibration of a neural network ocean closure for improved mean state and variability},
  author = {Pavel Perezhogin and Alistair Adcroft and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.06398},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06398},
}

@article{trinh2026el,
  title = {El Nino Prediction Based on Weather Forecast and Geographical Time-series Data},
  author = {Viet Trinh and Ha-Vy Luu and Quoc-Khiem Nguyen-Pham and Hung Tong and Thanh-Huyen Tran and Hoai-Nam Nguyen Dang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.04998},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04998},
}

@article{paul2026optimizing,
  title = {Optimizing Objective Model Calibration Approaches using Single Column Models},
  author = {Pappu Paul and Cristian Proistosescu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03594},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03594},
}

@article{debeire2026physicsconstrained,
  title = {Physics-Constrained Adaptive Flow Matching for Climate Downscaling},
  author = {Kevin Debeire and Aytaç Paçal and Pierre Gentine and Luis Medrano-Navarro and Nils Thuerey and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03459},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03459},
}

@article{keisler2026generative,
  title = {Generative Unsupervised Downscaling of Climate Models via Domain Alignment: Application to Wind Fields},
  author = {Julie Keisler and Boutheina Oueslati and Anastase Charantonis and Yannig Goude and Claire Monteleoni},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03341},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03341},
}

@article{dey2026pollutionnet,
  title = {PollutionNet: A Vision Transformer Framework for Climatological Assessment of NO$_2$ and SO$_2$ Using Satellite-Ground Data Fusion},
  author = {Prasanjit Dey and Soumyabrata Dev and Bianca Schoen-Phelan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03311},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03311},
}

@article{brazidec2026downscaling,
  title = {Downscaling weather forecasts from Low- to High-Resolution with Diffusion Models},
  author = {Joffrey Dumont Le Brazidec and Simon Lang and Martin Leutbecher and Baudouin Raoult and Gert Mertes and Florian Pinault and Aristofanis Tsiringakis and Pedro Maciel and Ana Prieto Nemesio and Jan Polster and Cathal O Brien and Matthew Chantry},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03303},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03303},
}

@article{harder2026aifscompo,
  title = {AIFS-COMPO: A Global Data-Driven Atmospheric Composition Forecasting System},
  author = {Paula Harder and Johannes Flemming and Mihai Alexe and Gert Mertes and Baudouin Raoult and Matthew Chantry},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03300},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03300},
}

@article{botvynko2026impact,
  title = {Impact of geophysical fields on Deep Learning-based Lagrangian drift simulations},
  author = {Daria Botvynko and Carlos Granero-Belinchon and Simon Van Gennip and Abdesslam Benzinou and Ronan Fablet},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03292},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03292},
}

@article{kaselimi2026artificial,
  title = {Toward Artificial Intelligence Enabled Earth System Coupling},
  author = {Maria Kaselimi and Anna Belehaki},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03289},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03289},
}

@article{kingston2026ipslaid,
  title = {IPSL-AID: Generative Diffusion Models for Climate Downscaling from Global to Regional Scales},
  author = {Kishanthan Kingston and Olivier Boucher and Freddy Bouchet and Pierre Chapel and Rosemary Eade and Jean-Francois Lamarque and Redouane Lguensat and Kazem Ardaneh},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.03275},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03275},
}

@article{asefi2026highresolution,
  title = {High-resolution probabilistic estimation of three-dimensional regional ocean dynamics from sparse surface observations},
  author = {Niloofar Asefi and Tianning Wu and Ruoying He and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.02850},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02850},
}

@article{chen2026magnet,
  title = {MAG-Net: Physics-Aware Multi-Modal Fusion of Geostationary Satellite and Radar for Severe Convective Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Dandan Chen and Yaqiang Wang and Anyuan Xiong and Enda Zhu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.02818},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02818},
}

@article{pasquini2026assessing,
  title = {Assessing the ability of a stretched-grid deep-learning weather prediction model to capture physical balances},
  author = {Francesco Pasquini and Michiel Baatsen and Bastien François and Natalie Theeuwes and Maurice Schmeits},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.01454},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01454},
}

@article{garg2026recipe,
  title = {The Recipe Matters More Than the Kitchen:Mathematical Foundations of the AI Weather Prediction Pipeline},
  author = {Piyush Garg and Diana R. Gergel and Andrew E. Shao and Galen J. Yacalis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.01215},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01215},
}

@article{delefosse2026superresolving,
  title = {Super-Resolving Coarse-Resolution Weather Forecasts With Flow Matching},
  author = {Aymeric Delefosse and Anastase Charantonis and Dominique Béréziat},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.00897},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00897},
}

@article{jiang2026miranda,
  title = {MIRANDA: MId-feature RANk-adversarial Domain Adaptation toward climate change-robust ecological forecasting with deep learning},
  author = {Yuchang Jiang and Jan Dirk Wegner and Vivien Sainte Fare Garnot},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.00800},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00800},
}

@article{lieberman2026deeplearned,
  title = {Deep-Learned Observation Operators for Artificial Intelligence Weather Forecasting Models},
  author = {Kelsey Lieberman and Laura Slivinski and Matt Bender and Chris Miller and Josh DaRosa and Nick Krall and Mohammad Ridhwaan Alam and Nick Silverman and Sergey Frolov},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.00082},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00082},
}

@article{qian2026pasm,
  title = {PASM: Population Adaptive Symbolic Mixture-of-Experts Model for Cross-location Hurricane Evacuation Decision Prediction},
  author = {Xiao Qian and Shangjia Dong},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.00074},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00074},
}

@article{dey2026meteorologydriven,
  title = {Meteorology-Driven GPT4AP: A Multi-Task Forecasting LLM for Atmospheric Air Pollution in Data-Scarce Settings},
  author = {Prasanjit Dey and Soumyabrata Dev and Bianca Schoen-Phelan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.29974},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29974},
}

@article{shen202630meter,
  title = {30-meter Land Surface Temperature from Landsat via Progressive Self-Training Downscaling},
  author = {Huanfeng Shen and Chan Li and Menghui Jiang and Penghai Wu and Guanhao Zhang and Tian Xie},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.29478},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29478},
}

@article{li2026improving,
  title = {Improving Ensemble Forecasts of Abnormally Deflecting Tropical Cyclones with Fused Atmosphere-Ocean-Terrain Data},
  author = {Qixiang Li and Yuan Zhou and Shuwei Huo and Chong Wang and Xiaofeng Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.29200},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29200},
}

@article{antonio2026ace2nemo,
  title = {ACE2-NEMO: Coupling an ML atmospheric emulator to a full-depth dynamical ocean model},
  author = {Bobby Antonio and Kristian Strommen and Pablo Ortega and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.28704},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28704},
}

@article{chen2026skillful,
  title = {Skillful Kilometer-Scale Regional Weather Forecasting via Global and Regional Coupling},
  author = {Weiqi Chen and Wenwei Wang and Qilong Yuan and Lefei Shen and Bingqing Peng and Jiawei Chen and Bo Wu and Liang Sun},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.28173},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28173},
}

@article{yamaoka2026selforganizing,
  title = {Self-Organizing Score-based Data Assimilation},
  author = {Yuma Yamaoka and Seiichi Uchida and Shoji Toyota},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.28048},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28048},
}

@article{zhang2026tianjian,
  title = {TianJi:An autonomous AI meteorologist for discovering physical mechanisms in atmospheric science},
  author = {Kaikai Zhang and Xiang Wang and Haoluo Zhao and Nan Chen and Mengyang Yu Jing-Jia Luo and Tao Song and Fan Meng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.27738},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27738},
}

@article{simm2026calibrated,
  title = {Calibrated Conformal Prediction Intervals for Microphysical Process Rates},
  author = {Miriam Simm and Corinna Hoose and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.27699},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27699},
}

@article{feng2026stretchcast,
  title = {StretchCast: Global-Regional AI Weather Forecasting on Stretched Cubed-Sphere Mesh},
  author = {Jin Feng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.27288},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27288},
}

@article{zhang2026spectralaware,
  title = {Spectral-Aware Text-to-Time Series Generation with Billion-Scale Multimodal Meteorological Data},
  author = {Shijie Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.27135},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27135},
}

@article{chen2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating data-driven background ensembles covariances from Graphcast: a case study for Hurricane Lee (2023)},
  author = {Zhihong Chen and Xuguang Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.26703},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26703},
}

@article{pu2026error,
  title = {Error Growth Dynamic and Predictability of Tropical Cyclone in Machine Learning Weather Prediction Model},
  author = {Jingchen Pu and Mu Mu and Jie Feng and Hao Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.26165},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26165},
}

@article{moreno2026do,
  title = {Do Climate Models Need Microphysical and Convective Parameterizations to Generate Accurate Precipitation Fields?},
  author = {Raul Moreno and Dale Durran},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25936},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25936},
}

@article{shi2026impact,
  title = {Impact of Data-Driven Eddy Parameterization on Climate State in an Idealized Coupled CESM Model},
  author = {Jia-Rui Shi and Pavel Perezhogin and Laure Zanna and Alistair Adcroft},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25843},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25843},
}

@article{subramanian2026neural,
  title = {On Neural Scaling Laws for Weather Emulation through Continual Training},
  author = {Shashank Subramanian and Alexander Kiefer and Arnur Nigmetov and Amir Gholami and Dmitriy Morozov and Michael W. Mahoney},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25687},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25687},
}

@article{villeroche2026anchoredbranched,
  title = {Anchored-Branched Steady-state WInd Flow Transformer (AB-SWIFT): a metamodel for 3D atmospheric flow in urban environments},
  author = {Armand de Villeroché and Rem-Sophia Mouradi and Vincent Le Guen and Sibo Cheng and Marc Bocquet and Alban Farchi and Patrick Armand and Patrick Massin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25635},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25635},
}

@article{farmani2026processaware,
  title = {Process-Aware AI for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: A Mass-Conserving Neural Framework with Hydrological Process Constraints},
  author = {Mohammad A. Farmani and Hoshin V. Gupta and Ali Behrangi and Muhammad Jawad and Sadaf Moghisi and Guo-Yue Niu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25093},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25093},
}

@article{tran2026mpmoe,
  title = {MP-MoE: Matrix Profile-Guided Mixture of Experts for Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Huyen Ngoc Tran and Dung Trung Tran and Hong Nguyen and Xuan Vu Phan and Nam-Phong Nguyen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25046},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25046},
}

@article{bailey2026contrastive,
  title = {Contrastive Learning Boosts Deterministic and Generative Models for Weather Data},
  author = {Nathan Bailey},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.24744},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24744},
}

@article{kuzhamuratov2026marchuk,
  title = {Marchuk: Efficient Global Weather Forecasting from Mid-Range to Sub-Seasonal Scales via Flow Matching},
  author = {Arsen Kuzhamuratov and Mikhail Zhirnov and Andrey Kuznetsov and Ivan Oseledets and Konstantin Sobolev},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.24428},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24428},
}

@article{banerjee2026subseasonal,
  title = {Sub-seasonal Modulation and Predictability of Indian monsoon hourly Rainfall Extremes},
  author = {Bijit Kumar Banerjee and Devabrat Sharma and Mahen Konwar and Simanta Das and Utpal Sarma and B. N. Goswami},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.24374},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24374},
}

@article{navarro2026assessing,
  title = {Assessing the Robustness of Climate Foundation Models under No-Analog Distribution Shifts},
  author = {Maria Conchita Agana Navarro and Geng Li and Theo Wolf and Maria Perez-Ortiz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.23043},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23043},
}

@article{schmidt2026how,
  title = {How Can Machine Learning Emulators Best Support Climate Science?},
  author = {Luca Schmidt and Nina Effenberger and Vitus Benson and Philine L. Bommer and Robert Brunstein and Mikel N. Legasa and Maxim Samarin and Maybritt Schillinger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.22320},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22320},
}

@article{niu2026enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing AI-Based Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasting via Systematic Bias Correction},
  author = {Peisong Niu and Haifan Zhang and Yang Zhao and Tian Zhou and Ziqing Ma and Wenqiang Shen and Junping Zhao and Huiling Yuan and Liang Sun},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.22314},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22314},
}

@article{buono2026learning,
  title = {Learning Data-driven Surrogate and Correction Models for Satellite Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction},
  author = {Gian Luca Buono and Stefanie Hollborn and Roland Potthast and Jörg Schäfer and Martin Simon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.22037},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22037},
}

@article{stavrou2026smaatqmixunet,
  title = {SmaAT-QMix-UNet: A Parameter-Efficient Vector-Quantized UNet for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Nikolas Stavrou and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.21879},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21879},
}

@article{thual2026climate,
  title = {Climate Prompting: Generating the Madden-Julian Oscillation using Video Diffusion and Low-Dimensional Conditioning},
  author = {Sulian Thual and Feiyang Cai and Jingjing Wang and Feng Luo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.21856},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21856},
}

@article{qin2026extending,
  title = {Extending Precipitation Nowcasting Horizons via Spectral Fusion of Radar Observations and Foundation Model Priors},
  author = {Yuze Qin and Qingyong Li and Zhiqing Guo and Wen Wang and Yan Liu and Yangli-ao Geng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.21768},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21768},
}

@article{cheon2026sonny,
  title = {Sonny: Breaking the Compute Wall in Medium-Range Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Minjong Cheon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.21284},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21284},
}

@article{ding2026diffusionbased,
  title = {Diffusion-based Probabilistic Air Quality Forecasting with Mechanistic Insight},
  author = {Ao Ding and Aoxing Zhang and Tzung-May Fu and Yuanlong Huang and Qianjie Chen and Yuyang Chen and Jiajia Mo and Wei Tao and Wai-Chi Cheng and Lei Zhu and Xin Yang and Guy Brasseur},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.21131},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21131},
}

@article{baiman2026watch,
  title = {Watch an AI Weather Model Learn (and Unlearn) Tropical Cyclones},
  author = {Rebecca Baiman and Ankur Mahesh and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.20541},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20541},
}

@article{esclapez2026constructing,
  title = {Constructing efficient score functions for rare event simulation in high-dimensional ocean-climate models},
  author = {Lucas Esclapez and Valérian Jacques-Dumas and Reyk Börner and Laurent Soucasse and Henk A. Dijkstra},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.20257},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20257},
}

@article{flora2026developing,
  title = {Developing Machine Learning-Based Watch-to-Warning Severe Weather Guidance from the Warn-on-Forecast System},
  author = {Montgomery Flora and Samuel Varga and Corey Potvin and Noah Lang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.20250},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20250},
}

@article{huang2026datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven ensemble prediction of the global ocean},
  author = {Qiusheng Huang and Xiaohui Zhong and Anboyu Guo and Ziyi Peng and Lei Chen and Hao Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.19591},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19591},
}

@article{han2026machine,
  title = {Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Heat Index in Selected U.S. Cities},
  author = {Yushan Han and Calen Randall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.19488},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19488},
}

@article{ren2026target,
  title = {Target Concept Tuning Improves Extreme Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Shijie Ren and Xinyue Gu and Ziheng Peng and Haifan Zhang and Peisong Niu and Bo Wu and Xiting Wang and Liang Sun and Jirong Wen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.19325},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19325},
}

@article{witt2026splitting,
  title = {Splitting horizontal and vertical polynomial order in a compatible finite element discretisation for numerical weather prediction},
  author = {Daniel Witt and Thomas Bendall and Jemma Shipton},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.16571},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16571},
}

@article{provenzano2026cnnbased,
  title = {CNN-based forecasting of early winter NAO using sea surface temperature},
  author = {Elena Provenzano and Guillaume Gastineau and Carlos Mejia and Didier Swingedouw and Sylvie Thiria},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.16312},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16312},
}

@article{li2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic reconstruction of global sea surface temperature using generative diffusion models},
  author = {Haijie Li and Ya Wang and Kai Yang and Gang Huang and Xiangao Xia and Ziming Chen and Weichen Tao and Chenglin Lyu and Lin Chen and Miao Zhang and Kaiming Hu and Hainan Gong and Disong Fu and Lin Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.16272},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16272},
}

@article{ritchhart2026agentic,
  title = {Agentic workflow enables the recovery of critical materials from complex feedstocks via selective precipitation},
  author = {Andrew Ritchhart and Sarah I. Allec and Pravalika Butreddy and Krista Kulesa and Qingpu Wang and Dan Thien Nguyen and Maxim Ziatdinov and Elias Nakouzi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.15491},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15491},
}

@article{xu2026fuxiweather2,
  title = {FuXiWeather2: Learning accurate atmospheric state estimation for operational global weather forecasting},
  author = {Xiaoze Xu and Xiuyu Sun and Songling Zhu and Xiaohui Zhong and Yuanqing Huang and Zijian Zhu and Jun Liu and Hao Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.15358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15358},
}

@article{wu2026agcd,
  title = {AGCD: Agent-Guided Cross-Modal Decoding for Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Jing Wu and Yang Liu and Lin Zhang and Junbo Zeng and Jiabin Wang and Zi Ye and Guowen Li and Shilei Cao and Jiashun Cheng and Fang Wang and Meng Jin and Yerong Feng and Hong Cheng and Yutong Lu and Haohuan Fu and Juepeng Zheng},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.15260},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15260},
}

@article{niu2026datadriven,
  title = {A Data-Driven Regional Model for Skillful Medium-Range Typhoon Prediction},
  author = {Zeyi Niu and Wei Huang and Sirong Huang and Zhuo Wang and Mu Mu and Mengqi Yang and Xinhai Han and Haofei Sun and Zhaoyang Huo and Bo Qin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.15127},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15127},
}

@article{ma2026integrating,
  title = {Integrating Weather Foundation Model and Satellite to Enable Fine-Grained Solar Irradiance Forecasting},
  author = {Ziqing Ma and Kai Ying and Xinyue Gu and Tian Zhou and Tianyu Zhu and Haifan Zhang and Peisong Niu and Zheng Wang and Cong Bai and Liang Sun},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.14845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14845},
}

@article{xiao2026panet,
  title = {PA-Net: Precipitation-Adaptive Mixture-of-Experts for Long-Tail Rainfall Nowcasting},
  author = {Xinyu Xiao and Sen Lei and Eryun Liu and Shiming Xiang and Hao Li and Cheng Yuan and Yuan Qi and Qizhao Jin},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.13818},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13818},
}

@article{jin2026metok,
  title = {MeTok: An Efficient Meteorological Tokenization with Hyper-Aligned Group Learning for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Qizhao Jin and Xianhuang Xu and Yong Cao and Shiming Xiang and Xinyu Xiao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.13752},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13752},
}

@article{pavlik2026assessing,
  title = {Assessing the Utility of Volumetric Motion Fields for Radar-based Precipitation Nowcasting with Physics-informed Deep Learning},
  author = {Peter Pavlík and Anna Bou Ezzeddine and Viera Rozinajová},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.13589},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13589},
}

@article{shchur2026mrgnf,
  title = {MR-GNF: Multi-Resolution Graph Neural Forecasting on Ellipsoidal Meshes for Efficient Regional Weather Prediction},
  author = {Andrii Shchur and Inna Skarga-Bandurova},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.13563},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13563},
}

@article{wang2026fusioncast,
  title = {FusionCast: Enhancing Precipitation Nowcasting with Asymmetric Cross-Modal Fusion and Future Radar Priors},
  author = {Henan Wang and Shengwu Xiong and Yifang Zhang and Wenjie Yin and Chen Zhou and Yuqiang Zhang and Pengfei Duan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.13298},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13298},
}

@article{liu20263dtcr,
  title = {3DTCR: A Physics-Based Generative Framework for Vortex-Following 3D Reconstruction to Improve Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting},
  author = {Jun Liu and Xiaohui Zhong and Kai Zheng and Jiarui Li and Yifei Li and Tao Zhou and Wenxu Qian and Shun Dai and Ruian Tie and Yangyang Zhao and Hao Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.13049},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13049},
}

@article{wu2026ai,
  title = {From AI Weather Prediction to Infrastructure Resilience: A Correction-Downscaling Framework for Tropical Cyclone Impacts},
  author = {You Wu and Zhenguo Wang and Naiyu Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.12828},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12828},
}

@article{loon2026recent,
  title = {Recent Weakening of the Global Radiative Feedback},
  author = {Senne Van Loon and Maria Rugenstein and Mark D. Zelinka and Timothy Andrews},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.12515},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12515},
}

@article{gregory2026floenet,
  title = {FloeNet: A mass-conserving global sea ice emulator that generalizes across climates},
  author = {William Gregory and Mitchell Bushuk and James Duncan and Elynn Wu and Adam Subel and Spencer K. Clark and Bill Hurlin and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Alistair Adcroft and Chris Bretherton and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.12449},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12449},
}

@article{manmatharasan2026highresolution,
  title = {High-resolution weather-guided surrogate modeling for data-efficient cross-location building energy prediction},
  author = {Piragash Manmatharasan and Girma Bitsuamlak and Katarina Grolinger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.11121},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11121},
}

@article{chaumet2026convergence,
  title = {Convergence Analysis of a Fully Discrete Observer For Data Assimilation of the Barotropic Euler Equations},
  author = {Aidan Chaumet and Jan Giesselmann},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.10962},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10962},
}

@article{ferretti2026datadriven,
  title = {Data-Driven Integration Kernels for Interpretable Nonlocal Operator Learning},
  author = {Savannah L. Ferretti and Jerry Lin and Sara Shamekh and Jane W. Baldwin and Michael S. Pritchard and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.10305},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10305},
}

@article{rozanov2026task,
  title = {Task Aware Modulation Using Representation Learning for Upsaling of Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes},
  author = {Aleksei Rozanov and Arvind Renganathan and Vipin Kumar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.09974},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09974},
}

@article{rozanov2026carbonbench,
  title = {CarbonBench: A Global Benchmark for Upscaling of Carbon Fluxes Using Zero-Shot Learning},
  author = {Aleksei Rozanov and Arvind Renganathan and Yimeng Zhang and Vipin Kumar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.09868},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09868},
}

@article{aitken2026designing,
  title = {Designing probabilistic AI monsoon forecasts to inform agricultural decision-making},
  author = {Colin Aitken and Rajat Masiwal and Adam Marchakitus and Katherine Kowal and Mayank Gupta and Tyler Yang and Amir Jina and Pedram Hassanzadeh and William R. Boos and Michael Kremer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.07893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07893},
}

@article{ismaili2026machine,
  title = {Machine Learning of Vertical Fluxes by Unresolved Midlatitude Mesoscale Processes},
  author = {Erisa Ismaili and Robert C. Jnglin Wills and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.07712},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.07712},
}

@article{yakout2026physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Diffusion Model for Generating Synthetic Extreme Rare Weather Events Data},
  author = {Marawan Yakout and Tannistha Maiti and Monira Majhabeen and Tarry Singh},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.06782},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06782},
}

@article{nadera2026hurrigan,
  title = {HURRI-GAN: A Novel Approach for Hurricane Bias-Correction Beyond Gauge Stations using Generative Adversarial Networks},
  author = {Noujoud Nadera and Hadi Majed and Stefanos Giaremis and Rola El Osta and Clint Dawson and Carola Kaiser and Hartmut Kaiser},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.06649},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06649},
}

@article{huang2026evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating the Predictability of Selected Weather Extremes with Aurora, an AI Weather Forecast Model},
  author = {Qin Huang and Moyan Liu and Yeongbin Kwon and Upmanu Lall},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.06516},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06516},
}

@article{costa2026artificial,
  title = {Artificial Intelligence for Climate Adaptation: Reinforcement Learning for Climate Change-Resilient Transport},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Carolin Schmidt and João Miranda and Morten W. Petersen and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrisey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.06278},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.06278},
}

@article{mozaffari2026rise,
  title = {The Rise of AI in Weather and Climate Information and its Impact on Global Inequality},
  author = {Amirpasha Mozaffari and Amanda Duarte and Lina Teckentrup and Stefano Materia and Gina E. C. Charnley and Lluis Palma and Eulalia Baulenas Serra and Dragana Bojovic and Paula Checchia and Aude Carreric and Francisco Doblas-Reyes},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.05710},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05710},
}

@article{polichtchouk2026hybrida,
  title = {Hybrid ensemble forecasting combining physics-based and machine-learning predictions through spectral nudging},
  author = {Inna Polichtchouk and Simon Lang and Sarah-Jane Lock and Michael Maier-Gerber and Peter Dueben},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.05570},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05570},
}

@article{thomas2026fusion,
  title = {Fusion and Grouping Strategies in Deep Learning for Local Climate Zone Classification of Multimodal Remote Sensing Data},
  author = {Ancymol Thomas and Jaya Sreevalsan-Nair},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.04562},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04562},
}

@article{wonderen2026madsmaatgnet,
  title = {MAD-SmaAt-GNet: A Multimodal Advection-Guided Neural Network for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Samuel van Wonderen and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.04461},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04461},
}

@article{fan2026accurate,
  title = {Accurate and Efficient Hybrid-Ensemble Atmospheric Data Assimilation in Latent Space with Uncertainty Quantification},
  author = {Hang Fan and Juan Nathaniel and Yi Xiao and Ce Bian and Fenghua Ling and Ben Fei and Lei Bai and Pierre Gentine},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.04395},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04395},
}

@article{danner2026twostage,
  title = {Two-Stage Photovoltaic Forecasting: Separating Weather Prediction from Plant-Characteristics},
  author = {Philipp Danner and Hermann de Meer},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.04132},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04132},
}

@article{larsson2026climate,
  title = {Climate Downscaling with Stochastic Interpolants (CDSI)},
  author = {Erik Larsson and Ramon Fuentes-Franco and Mikhail Ivanov and Fredrik Lindsten},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.03838},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03838},
}

@article{yang2026effect,
  title = {The Effect of Planetary Rotation Period on Clouds in a Global Climate Model with a Bin Microphysics Scheme},
  author = {Huanzhou Yang and Eric T. Wolf and Cheng-Cheng Liu and Yunqian Zhu and Owen B. Toon and Dorian S. Abbot},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.03767},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03767},
}

@article{igbinoba2026idealized,
  title = {Idealized Impacts of Mountainous Terrain on the Energetics of Hurricane Melissa (2025)},
  author = {Michael Igbinoba},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.03611},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03611},
}

@article{zhang2026nearsurface,
  title = {Near-surface Extreme Wind Events and Their Responses to Climate Forcings in a Hierarchy of Global Climate Models},
  author = {G. Zhang and M. Rao and I. Simpson and K. A. Reed and B. Medeiros and H. -H. Chou and T. Shaw},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.03483},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03483},
}

@article{tang2026hvrmet,
  title = {HVR-Met: A Hypothesis-Verification-Replanning Agentic System for Extreme Weather Diagnosis},
  author = {Shuo Tang and Jiadong Zhang and Gengxian Zhou and Qizhao Jin and Qinxuan Wang and Yi Hu and Ning Hu and Hongchang Ren and Lingli He and Shiming Xiang and Jingtao Ding and Jian Xu and Jiaolan Fu and Cheng-Lin Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.01121},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01121},
}

@article{damour2026retrodictive,
  title = {Retrodictive Forecasting: A Proof-of-Concept for Exploiting Temporal Asymmetry in Time Series Prediction},
  author = {Cedric Damour},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.00636},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00636},
}

@article{liu2026physdiff,
  title = {Phys-Diff: A Physics-Inspired Latent Diffusion Model for Tropical Cyclone Forecasting},
  author = {Lei Liu and Xiaoning Yu and Kang Chen and Jiahui Huang and Tengyuan Liu and Hongwei Zhao and Bin Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.00521},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00521},
}

@article{sayer2026datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven, non-Markovian modelling of weather in the presence of non-stationary, non-Gaussian, and heteroskedastic climate dynamics},
  author = {Thomas Sayer and Andrés Montoya-Castillo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.00259},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.00259},
}

@article{zighed2026efficient,
  title = {Efficient Real-Time Adaptation of ROMs for Unsteady Flows Using Data Assimilation},
  author = {Ismaël Zighed and Andrea Nóvoa and Luca Magri and Taraneh Sayadi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.23188},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23188},
}

@article{yu2026scaling,
  title = {Scaling Laws of Global Weather Models},
  author = {Yuejiang Yu and Langwen Huang and Alexandru Calotoiu and Torsten Hoefler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.22962},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22962},
}

@article{remshard2026addressing,
  title = {Addressing Climate Action Misperceptions with Generative AI},
  author = {Miriam Remshard and Yara Kyrychenko and Sander van der Linden and Matthew H. Goldberg and Anthony Leiserowitz and Elena Savoia and Jon Roozenbeek},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.22564},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22564},
}

@article{li2026synergistic,
  title = {A Synergistic Approach: Dynamics-AI Ensemble in Tropical Cyclone Forecasting},
  author = {Yonghui Li and Wansuo Duan and Hao Li and Wei Han and Han Zhang and Yinuo Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.22533},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22533},
}

@article{deng2026deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Based Monthly Temperature Prediction for Jilin Province: A Multi Model Comparative Study 2000 2026},
  author = {Xingyue Deng and Xuechen Liang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.19564},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.19564},
}

@article{si2026levda,
  title = {LEVDA: Latent Ensemble Variational Data Assimilation via Differentiable Dynamics},
  author = {Phillip Si and Peng Chen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.19406},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.19406},
}

@article{mureravaud2026mediumrange,
  title = {On Using Medium-Range Ensemble Forecasts for Storm Transposition of Synoptic-Scale Systems in Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation},
  author = {Mathieu Mure-Ravaud},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.19233},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.19233},
}

@article{sha2026aibased,
  title = {AI-Based Regional Emulation for Kilometer-Scale Dynamical Downscaling},
  author = {Yingkai Sha and Tracy Hertneky and Ethan Gutmann and Seth McGinnis and Rachel McCrary and Lulin Xue and David John Gagne and Kathryn Newman and Andrew Newman},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.18646},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18646},
}

@article{iele2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic NDVI Forecasting from Sparse Satellite Time Series and Weather Covariates},
  author = {Irene Iele and Giulia Romoli and Daniele Molino and Elena Mulero Ayllón and Filippo Ruffini and Paolo Soda and Matteo Tortora},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.17683},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17683},
}

@article{gil2026exploring,
  title = {Exploring Novel Data Storage Approaches for Large-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction},
  author = {Nicolau Manubens Gil},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.17610},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17610},
}

@article{zhang2026physics,
  title = {Physics Encoded Spatial and Temporal Generative Adversarial Network for Tropical Cyclone Image Super-resolution},
  author = {Ruoyi Zhang and Jiawei Yuan and Lujia Ye and Runling Yu and Liling Zhao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.17277},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17277},
}

@article{groom2026distillation,
  title = {Distillation and Interpretability of Ensemble Forecasts of ENSO Phase using Entropic Learning},
  author = {Michael Groom and Davide Bassetti and Illia Horenko and Terence J. O'Kane},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.16857},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16857},
}

@article{mahesh2026examining,
  title = {Examining Fast Radiatively Driven Responses Using Machine-Learning Weather Emulators},
  author = {Ankur Mahesh and William D. Collins and Travis A. O'Brien and Paul B. Goddard and Sinclaire Zebaze and Shashank Subramanian and James P. C. Duncan and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Boris Bonev and Thorsten Kurth and Karthik Kashinath and Michael S. Pritchard and Da Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.16090},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16090},
}

@article{roberts2026ensemblesizedependence,
  title = {Ensemble-size-dependence of deep-learning post-processing methods that minimize an (un)fair score: motivating examples and a proof-of-concept solution},
  author = {Christopher David Roberts},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.15830},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15830},
}

@article{harder2026reconstructing,
  title = {Reconstructing Carbon Monoxide Reanalysis with Machine Learning},
  author = {Paula Harder and Johannes Flemming},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.15056},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15056},
}

@article{sengupta2026blackening,
  title = {Blackening Cryosphere: Revealing Hotspot Shifts and HGB-Based Forecasting of Absorbing Aerosol Threats over the Himalayan Frozen Frontiers},
  author = {Abira Sengupta and Ayoti Banerjee and Sarbani Palit and Brendon Woodford},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.15052},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15052},
}

@article{schmude2026pde,
  title = {PDE foundation models are skillful AI weather emulators for the Martian atmosphere},
  author = {Johannes Schmude and Sujit Roy and Liping Wang and Theodore van Kessel and Levente Klein and Marcus Freitag and Eloisa Bentivegna and Robert Manson-Sawko and Bjorn Lutjens and Manil Maskey and Campbell Watson and Rahul Ramachandran and Juan Bernabe-Moreno},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.15004},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15004},
}

@article{ke2026preconditioned,
  title = {Preconditioned Adjoint Data Assimilation for Two-Dimensional Decaying Isotropic Turbulence},
  author = {Hongyi Ke and Zejian You and Qi Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.14016},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14016},
}

@article{guan2026highresolution,
  title = {High-Resolution Climate Projections Using Diffusion-Based Downscaling of a Lightweight Climate Emulator},
  author = {Haiwen Guan and Dibyajyoti Chakraborty and Moein Darman and Troy Arcomano and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Romit Maulik},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.13416},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13416},
}

@article{jamal2026selection,
  title = {Selection of CMIP6 Models for Regional Precipitation Projection and Climate Change Assessment in the Jhelum and Chenab River Basins},
  author = {Saad Ahmed Jamal and Ammara Nusrat and Muhammad Azmat and Muhammad Osama Nusrat},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.13181},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13181},
}

@article{bruninx2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasting with Tree-Based Machine Learning and Weather Ensembles},
  author = {Max Bruninx and Diederik van Binsbergen and Timothy Verstraeten and Ann Nowé and Jan Helsen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.13010},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13010},
}

@article{sharma2026maunetlight,
  title = {MAUNet-Light: A Concise MAUNet Architecture for Bias Correction and Downscaling of Precipitation Estimates},
  author = {Sumanta Chandra Mishra Sharma and Adway Mitra and Auroop Ratan Ganguly},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.12980},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12980},
}

@article{marcelja2026winter,
  title = {Winter forecasting of September/October rainfall},
  author = {Stjepan Marcelja},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.12497},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12497},
}

@article{shen2026kanfif,
  title = {KAN-FIF: Spline-Parameterized Lightweight Physics-based Tropical Cyclone Estimation on Meteorological Satellite},
  author = {Jiakang Shen and Qinghui Chen and Runtong Wang and Chenrui Xu and Jinglin Zhang and Cong Bai and Feng Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.12117},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12117},
}

@article{molinaro2026universal,
  title = {Universal Diffusion-Based Probabilistic Downscaling},
  author = {Roberto Molinaro and Niall Siegenheim and Henry Martin and Mark Frey and Niels Poulsen and Philipp Seitz and Marvin Vincent Gabler},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.11893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11893},
}

@article{wu2026puyunldm,
  title = {PuYun-LDM: A Latent Diffusion Model for High-Resolution Ensemble Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Lianjun Wu and Shengchen Zhu and Yuxuan Liu and Liuyu Kai and Xiaoduan Feng and Duomin Wang and Wenshuo Liu and Jingxuan Zhang and Kelvin Li and Bin Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.11807},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11807},
}

@article{chen2026hierarchical,
  title = {Hierarchical Testing of a Hybrid Machine Learning-Physics Global Atmosphere Model},
  author = {Ziming Chen and L. Ruby Leung and Wenyu Zhou and Jian Lu and Sandro W. Lubis and Ye Liu and Chuan-Chieh Chang and Bryce E. Harrop and Ya Wang and Mingshi Yang and Gan Zhang and Yun Qian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.11313},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11313},
}

@article{huang2026trainingfree,
  title = {Training-free retrieval-augmented generation with reinforced reasoning for flood damage nowcasting},
  author = {Lipai Huang and Kai Yin and Chia-Fu Liu and Ali Mostafavi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.10312},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10312},
}

@article{yan2026uniphy,
  title = {UniPhy: Unifying Riemannian-Clifford Geometry and Biorthogonal Dynamics for Planetary-Scale Continuous Weather Modeling},
  author = {Ruiqing Yan and Haoyu Deng and Yuhang Shao and Xingbo Du and Jingyuan Wang and Zhengyi Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.09030},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.09030},
}

@article{sadykov2026machine,
  title = {Machine Learning-Ready Data Sets for the Analysis and Nowcasting of Atmospheric Radiation at Aviation Altitudes},
  author = {Viacheslav M Sadykov and Zachary M Watkins and Dustin Kempton and William Jones and Sanjib K C and Griffin T Goodwin and Xiaochun He and W Kent Tobiska and Irina Kitiashvili and Christopher Mertens and Shubha Ranjan and D Glenn Deardorff and Ryan Spaulding},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.07108},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.07108},
}

@article{cheng2026flowda,
  title = {FlowDA: Accurate, Low-Latency Weather Data Assimilation via Flow Matching},
  author = {Ran Cheng and Lailai Zhu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.06800},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06800},
}

@article{gooya2026generative,
  title = {Toward generative machine learning for boosting ensembles of climate simulations},
  author = {Parsa Gooya and Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso and Johannes Exenberger},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.06287},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06287},
}

@article{imanov2026urban,
  title = {Urban Spatio-Temporal Foundation Models for Climate-Resilient Housing: Scaling Diffusion Transformers for Disaster Risk Prediction},
  author = {Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov and Derya Umut Kulali and Taner Yilmaz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.06129},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.06129},
}

@article{petersen2026reducedorder,
  title = {Reduced-Order Surrogates for Forced Flexible Mesh Coastal-Ocean Models},
  author = {Freja Høgholm Petersen and Jesper Sandvig Mariegaard and Rocco Palmitessa and Allan P. Engsig-Karup},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.05416},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05416},
}

@article{meng2026largeensemble,
  title = {Large-Ensemble Simulations Reveal Links Between Atmospheric Blocking Frequency and Sea Surface Temperature Variability},
  author = {Zilu Meng and Gregory J. Hakim and Wenchang Yang and Gabriel A. Vecchi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.05083},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05083},
}

@article{ye2026dualtransunet,
  title = {A Dual-TransUNet Deep Learning Framework for Multi-Source Precipitation Merging and Improving Seasonal and Extreme Estimates},
  author = {Yuchen Ye and Zixuan Qi and Shixuan Li and Wei Qi and Yanpeng Cai and Chaoxia Yuan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.04757},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04757},
}

@article{hu2026resilient,
  title = {Resilient Load Forecasting under Climate Change: Adaptive Conditional Neural Processes for Few-Shot Extreme Load Forecasting},
  author = {Chenxi Hu and Yue Ma and Yifan Wu and Yunhe Hou},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.04609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04609},
}

@article{zhou2026data,
  title = {Data Driven Air Entrainment Velocity Parameterization by Breaking Waves},
  author = {Xiaohui Zhou and Anton S. Darmenov and Kianoosh Yousefi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.04067},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04067},
}

@article{aich2026wind,
  title = {WIND: Weather Inverse Diffusion for Zero-Shot Atmospheric Modeling},
  author = {Michael Aich and Andreas Fürst and Florian Sestak and Carlos Ruiz-Gonzalez and Niklas Boers and Johannes Brandstetter},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.03924},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03924},
}

@article{masiwal2026decisionoriented,
  title = {Decision-oriented benchmarking to transform AI weather forecast access: Application to the Indian monsoon},
  author = {Rajat Masiwal and Colin Aitken and Adam Marchakitus and Mayank Gupta and Katherine Kowal and Hamid A. Pahlavan and Tyler Yang and Y. Qiang Sun and Michael Kremer and Amir Jina and William R. Boos and Pedram Hassanzadeh},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.03767},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.03767},
}

@article{dandapanthula2026downscaling,
  title = {Downscaling land surface temperature data using edge detection and block-diagonal Gaussian process regression},
  author = {Sanjit Dandapanthula and Margaret Johnson and Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell and Glynn Hulley and Mikael Kuusela},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.02813},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02813},
}

@article{feireisl2026system,
  title = {On a system of equations arising in meteorology: Well-posedness and data assimilation},
  author = {Eduard Feireisl and Piotr Gwiazda and Agnieszka Świerczewska-Gwiazda},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.02328},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02328},
}

@article{liu2026wadepre,
  title = {WADEPre: A Wavelet-based Decomposition Model for Extreme Precipitation Nowcasting with Multi-Scale Learning},
  author = {Baitian Liu and Haiping Zhang and Huiling Yuan and Dongjing Wang and Ying Li and Feng Chen and Hao Wu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.02096},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02096},
}

@article{antonio2026role,
  title = {Role of the ocean for fast atmospheric evolution revealed by machine learning},
  author = {Bobby Antonio and Kristian Strommen and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.01904},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01904},
}

@article{wang2026mswep,
  title = {MSWEP V3: Machine Learning-Powered Global Precipitation Estimates at 0.1$^\circ$ Hourly Resolution (1979-Present)},
  author = {Xuetong Wang and Raied S. Alharbi and Oscar M. Baez-Villanueva and Diego G. Miralles and Jun Ma and Shiqin Xu and Matthew F. McCabe and Florian Pappenberger and Albert I. J. M. van Dijk and Tim R. McVicar and Lanka Karthikeyan and Hayley J. Fowler and Ming Pan and Solomon H. Gebrechorkos and Hylke E. Beck},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.01436},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01436},
}

@article{humphreys2026radarbased,
  title = {Radar-Based Raindrop Size Distribution Prediction: Comparing Analytical, Neural Network, and Decision Tree Approaches},
  author = {R. J. Humphreys},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.01236},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01236},
}

@article{chen2026emformer,
  title = {EMFormer: Efficient Multi-Scale Transformer for Accumulative Context Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Hao Chen and Tao Han and Jie Zhang and Song Guo and Fenghua Ling and Lei Bai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.01194},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01194},
}

@article{bouallegue2026what,
  title = {"What is a realistic forecast?" Assessing data-driven weather forecasts, a journey from verification to falsification},
  author = {Zied Ben Bouallègue},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.00622},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00622},
}

@article{shu2026hybridom,
  title = {HybridOM: Hybrid Physics-Based and Data-Driven Global Ocean Modeling with Efficient Spatial Downscaling},
  author = {Ruiqi Shu and Xiaohui Zhong and Qiusheng Huang and Ruijian Gou and Tianrun Gao and Hao Li and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.00598},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00598},
}

@article{narayanan2026prototypebased,
  title = {Prototype-based Explainable Neural Networks with Channel-specific Reasoning for Geospatial Learning Tasks},
  author = {Anushka Narayanan and Karianne J. Bergen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.00331},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00331},
}

@article{cillis2026hybrid,
  title = {Hybrid physics-data-driven modeling for sea ice thermodynamics and transfer learning},
  author = {Giovanni De Cillis and Alberto Carrassi and Julien Brajard and Laurent Bertino and Matteo Broccoli and Dorotea Iovino and Tobias Sebastian Finn and Marc Bocquet},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.23190},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.23190},
}

@article{hong2026wednet,
  title = {WED-Net: A Weather-Effect Disentanglement Network with Causal Augmentation for Urban Flow Prediction},
  author = {Qian Hong and Siyuan Chang and Xiao Zhou},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.22586},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22586},
}

@article{zhang2026trackdependent,
  title = {Track-Dependent Links between Tropical Cyclones and Extratropical Predictability in Physical and AI Models},
  author = {Gan Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.22540},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22540},
}

@article{he2026ai,
  title = {AI Decodes Historical Chinese Archives to Reveal Lost Climate History},
  author = {Sida He and Lingxi Xie and Xiaopeng Zhang and Qi Tian},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.22458},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22458},
}

@article{yang2026conformal,
  title = {Conformal Prediction for Generative Models via Adaptive Cluster-Based Density Estimation},
  author = {Qidong Yang and Qianyu Julie Zhu and Jonathan Giezendanner and Youssef Marzouk and Stephen Bates and Sherrie Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.22298},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22298},
}

@article{tasim2026physics,
  title = {Physics Informed Reconstruction of Four-Dimensional Atmospheric Wind Fields Using Multi-UAS Swarm Observations in a Synthetic Turbulent Environment},
  author = {Abdullah Tasim and Wei Sun},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.22111},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22111},
}

@article{all2026rapid,
  title = {Rapid estimation of global sea surface temperatures from sparse streaming in situ observations},
  author = {Cassidy All and Kevin Ho and Maya Magnuski and Christopher Nicolaides and Louisa B. Ebby and Mohammad Farazmand},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.21913},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21913},
}

@article{tie2026zeroshot,
  title = {Zero-Shot Statistical Downscaling via Diffusion Posterior Sampling},
  author = {Ruian Tie and Wenbo Xiong and Zhengyu Shi and Xinyu Su and Chenyu jiang and Libo Wu and Hao Li},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.21760},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21760},
}

@article{zhang2026sendai,
  title = {SENDAI: A Hierarchical Sparse-measurement, EfficieNt Data AssImilation Framework},
  author = {Xingyue Zhang and Yuxuan Bao and Mars Liyao Gao and J. Nathan Kutz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.21664},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21664},
}

@article{pereira2026learning,
  title = {Learning to Advect: A Neural Semi-Lagrangian Architecture for Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Carlos A. Pereira and Stéphane Gaudreault and Valentin Dallerit and Christopher Subich and Shoyon Panday and Siqi Wei and Sasa Zhang and Siddharth Rout and Eldad Haber and Raymond J. Spiteri and David Millard and Emilia Diaconescu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.21151},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21151},
}

@article{iacus2026spatial,
  title = {Spatial Heterogeneity in Climate Risk and Human Flourishing: An Exploration with Generative AI},
  author = {Stefano Maria Iacus and Haodong Qi and Devika Jain},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.20880},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20880},
}

@article{sun2026stormdit,
  title = {StormDiT: A generative AI model bridges the 2-6 hour 'gray zone' in precipitation nowcasting},
  author = {Haofei Sun and Yunfan Yang and Wei Han and Wei Huang and Huaguan Chen and Zhiqiu Gao and Zeting Li and Zhaoyang Huo and Zeyi Niu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.20342},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20342},
}

@article{bao2026cheap2rich,
  title = {Cheap2Rich: A Multi-Fidelity Framework for Data Assimilation and System Identification of Multiscale Physics -- Rotating Detonation Engines},
  author = {Yuxuan Bao and Jan Zajac and Megan Powers and Venkat Raman and J. Nathan Kutz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.20295},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.20295},
}

@article{weisser2026crossdomain,
  title = {Cross-Domain Offshore Wind Power Forecasting: Transfer Learning Through Meteorological Clusters},
  author = {Dominic Weisser and Chloé Hashimoto-Cullen and Benjamin Guedj},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.19674},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19674},
}

@article{bonte2026spreaderror,
  title = {Spread/Error relationship and spatial error structure of precipitation ensemble nowcasting: Comparison of STEPS and generative AI},
  author = {Martin Bonte and Lesley De Cruz and Fabian Debal and Stéphane Vannitsem},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.19298},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19298},
}

@article{costa2026learning,
  title = {Learning long term climate-resilient transport adaptation pathways under direct and indirect flood impacts using reinforcement learning},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Carolin Schmidt and Morten W. Petersen and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.18586},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18586},
}

@article{pipatanakul2026typhoons,
  title = {Typhoon-S: Minimal Open Post-Training for Sovereign Large Language Models},
  author = {Kunat Pipatanakul and Pittawat Taveekitworachai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.18129},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18129},
}

@article{kossaifi2026demystifying,
  title = {Demystifying Data-Driven Probabilistic Medium-Range Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Jean Kossaifi and Nikola Kovachki and Morteza Mardani and Daniel Leibovici and Suman Ravuri and Ira Shokar and Edoardo Calvello and Mohammad Shoaib Abbas and Peter Harrington and Ashay Subramaniam and Noah Brenowitz and Boris Bonev and Wonmin Byeon and Karsten Kreis and Dale Durran and Arash Vahdat and Mike Pritchard and Jan Kautz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.18111},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18111},
}

@article{gupta2026healda,
  title = {HealDA: Highlighting the importance of initial errors in end-to-end AI weather forecasts},
  author = {Aayush Gupta and Akshay Subramaniam and Michael S. Pritchard and Karthik Kashinath and Sergey Frolov and Kelsey Lieberman and Christopher Miller and Nicholas Silverman and Noah D. Brenowitz},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.17636},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17636},
}

@article{pathak2026learning,
  title = {Learning Accurate Storm-Scale Evolution from Observations},
  author = {Jaideep Pathak and Mohammad Shoaib Abbas and Peter Harrington and Zeyuan Hu and Noah Brenowitz and Suman Ravuri and Alberto Carpentieri and Jussi Leinonen and Corey Adams and Oliver Hennigh and Nicholas Geneva and Dale Durran and Mike Pritchard},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.17268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17268},
}

@article{brettin2026estimation,
  title = {Estimation of temperature and precipitation uncertainties using quantile neural networks},
  author = {Andrew Brettin and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.17243},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17243},
}

@article{mcphillips2026longterm,
  title = {Long-Term Probabilistic Forecast of Vegetation Conditions Using Climate Attributes in the Four Corners Region},
  author = {Erika McPhillips and Hyeongseong Lee and Xiangyu Xie and Kathy Baylis and Chris Funk and Mengyang Gu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.16347},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16347},
}

@article{forgaard2026thor,
  title = {THOR: A Versatile Foundation Model for Earth Observation Climate and Society Applications},
  author = {Theodor Forgaard and Jarle H. Reksten and Anders U. Waldeland and Valerio Marsocci and Nicolas Longépé and Michael Kampffmeyer and Arnt-Børre Salberg},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.16011},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16011},
}

@article{sunil2026trustworthy,
  title = {Toward Trustworthy Short-Range Forecasts with AFNO: From Skill Metrics to Conservation Checks},
  author = {Akshay Sunil and B. Deepthi and Muhammed Rashid},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.15660},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15660},
}

@article{palhares2026weather,
  title = {Weather Estimation for Integrated Sensing and Communication},
  author = {Victoria Palhares and Artjom Grudnitsky and Silvio Mandelli},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.15145},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15145},
}

@article{meuer2026fieldspace,
  title = {Field-Space Autoencoder for Scalable Climate Emulators},
  author = {Johannes Meuer and Maximilian Witte and Étiénne Plésiat and Thomas Ludwig and Christopher Kadow},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.15102},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15102},
}

@article{wu2026weatherr1,
  title = {Weather-R1: Logically Consistent Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Multimodal Reasoning in Meteorology},
  author = {Kaiyu Wu and Pucheng Han and Hualong Zhang and Naigeng Wu and Keze Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.14044},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14044},
}

@article{chapagain2026solargptqa,
  title = {SolarGPT-QA: A Domain-Adaptive Large Language Model for Educational Question Answering in Space Weather and Heliophysics},
  author = {Santosh Chapagain and MohammadReza EskandariNasab and Onur Vural and Shah Muhammad Hamdi and Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.12131},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12131},
}

@article{giral2026genda,
  title = {GenDA: Generative Data Assimilation on Complex Urban Areas via Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidance},
  author = {Francisco Giral and Álvaro Manzano and Ignacio Gómez and Ricardo Vinuesa and Soledad Le Clainche},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.11440},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11440},
}

@article{kamrani2026multivariate,
  title = {Multivariate LSTM-Based Forecasting for Renewable Energy: Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation},
  author = {Farshid Kamrani and Kristen Schell},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.10961},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10961},
}

@article{nji2026faconvlstm,
  title = {FAConvLSTM: Factorized-Attention ConvLSTM for Efficient Feature Extraction in Multivariate Climate Data},
  author = {Francis Ndikum Nji and Jianwu Wang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.10914},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10914},
}

@article{chobtham2026reinforcement,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning to Discover a North-East Monsoon Index for Rainfall Prediction in Thailand},
  author = {Kiattikun Chobtham},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.10181},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10181},
}

@article{li2026searth,
  title = {Searth Transformer: A Transformer Architecture Incorporating Earth's Geospheric Physical Priors for Global Mid-Range Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Tianye Li and Qi Liu and Hao Li and Lei Chen and Wencong Cheng and Fei Zheng and Xiangao Xia and Ya Wang and Gang Huang and Weiwei Wang and Xuan Tong and Ziqing Zu and Yi Fang and Shenming Fu and Jiang Jiang and Haochen Li and Mingxing Li and Jiangjiang Xia},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.09467},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09467},
}

@article{fang2026efficient,
  title = {Efficient Parameter Calibration of Numerical Weather Prediction Models via Evolutionary Sequential Transfer Optimization},
  author = {Heping Fang and Peng Yang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.08663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08663},
}

@article{gee2026learning,
  title = {Learning a Stochastic Differential Equation Model of Tropical Cyclone Intensification from Reanalysis and Observational Data},
  author = {Kenneth Gee and Sai Ravela},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.08116},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08116},
}

@article{rajeev2026hybrid,
  title = {Hybrid SARIMA LSTM Model for Local Weather Forecasting: A Residual Learning Approach for Data Driven Meteorological Prediction},
  author = {Shreyas Rajeev and Karthik Mudenahalli Ashoka and Amit Mallappa Tiparaddi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.07951},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07951},
}

@article{zhang2026rainbalance,
  title = {RainBalance: Alleviating Dual Imbalance in GNSS-based Precipitation Nowcasting via Continuous Probability Modeling},
  author = {Yifang Zhang and Shengwu Xiong and Henan Wang and Wenjie Yin and Jiawang Peng and Duan Zhou and Yuqiang Zhang and Chen Zhou and Hua Chen and Qile Zhao and Pengfei Duan},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.06137},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06137},
}

@article{christensen2026error,
  title = {Error in ERA5 2m Temperature identified using GraphCast},
  author = {Hannah M. Christensen and Jack Barker and Bobby Antonio and Massimo Bonavita and Mohamed Dahoui and Patricia de Rosnay},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.04701},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04701},
}

@article{nath2026making,
  title = {Making Tunable Parameters State-Dependent in Weather and Climate Models with Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Pritthijit Nath and Sebastian Schemm and Henry Moss and Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh and Mark J. Webb},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.04268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04268},
}

@article{rauba2026probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Transformers for Joint Modeling of Global Weather Dynamics and Decision-Centric Variables},
  author = {Paulius Rauba and Viktor Cikojevic and Fran Bartolic and Sam Levang and Ty Dickinson and Chase Dwelle},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.03753},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03753},
}

@article{mohamed2026weatheraware,
  title = {Weather-Aware Transformer for Real-Time Route Optimization in Drone-as-a-Service Operations},
  author = {Kamal Mohamed and Lillian Wassim and Ali Hamdi and Khaled Shaban},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.03376},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03376},
}

@article{landry2026stipp,
  title = {STIPP: Space-time in situ postprocessing over the French Alps using proper scoring rules},
  author = {David Landry and Isabelle Gouttevin and Hugo Merizen and Claire Monteleoni and Anastase Charantonis},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.02882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02882},
}

@article{kristensen2026flo,
  title = {Flo: A data-driven limited-area storm surge model},
  author = {Nils Melsom Kristensen and Mateusz Matuszak and Paulina Tedesco and Ina Kristine Berentsen Kullmann and Johannes Röhrs},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.02090},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02090},
}

@article{kallummal2026extending,
  title = {Extending SST Anomaly Forecasts Through Simultaneous Decomposition of Seasonal and PDO Modes},
  author = {Rameshan Kallummal},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.01864},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01864},
}

@article{shelton2026latentconstrained,
  title = {Latent-Constrained Conditional VAEs for Augmenting Large-Scale Climate Ensembles},
  author = {Jacquelyn Shelton and Przemyslaw Polewski and Alexander Robel and Matthew Hoffman and Stephen Price},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.00915},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00915},
}

@article{wang2025optformer,
  title = {OptFormer: Optical Flow-Guided Attention and Phase Space Reconstruction for SST Forecasting},
  author = {Yin Wang and Chunlin Gong and Zhuozhen Xu and Lehan Zhang and Xiang Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2601.06078},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06078},
}

@article{sgattoni2025latent,
  title = {Latent Twins: A Framework for Scene Recognition and Fast Radiative Transfer Inversion in FORUM All-Sky Observations},
  author = {Cristina Sgattoni and Luca Sgheri and Matthias Chung and Michele Martinazzo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.24865},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24865},
}

@article{fan2025aoddiff,
  title = {AODDiff: Probabilistic Reconstruction of Aerosol Optical Depth via Diffusion-based Bayesian Inference},
  author = {Linhao Fan and Hongqiang Fang and Jingyang Dai and Yong Jiang and Qixing Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.24847},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24847},
}

@article{cooper2025rainfall,
  title = {Rainfall forecasts in daily use over East Africa improved by machine learning},
  author = {Fenwick C. Cooper and Shruti Nath and Andrew T. T. McRae and Bobby Antonio and Antje Weisheimer and Tim Palmer and Masilin Gudoshava and Nishadh Kalladath and Ahmed Amidhun and Jason Kinyua and Hannah Kimani and David Koros and Zacharia Mwai and Christine Maswi and Benard Chanzu and Samrawit Abebe and Bekalu Tamene and Bekele Kebebe and Asaminew Teshome and Florian Pappenberger and Matthew Chantry and Isaac Obai and Jesse Mason},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.24525},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24525},
}

@article{macmillan2025mechanistic,
  title = {Towards mechanistic understanding in a data-driven weather model: internal activations reveal interpretable physical features},
  author = {Theodore MacMillan and Nicholas T. Ouellette},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.24440},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24440},
}

@article{kim2025how,
  title = {How Large Language Models Systematically Misrepresent American Climate Opinions},
  author = {Sola Kim and Jieshu Wang and Marco A. Janssen and John M. Anderies},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.23889},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23889},
}

@article{martin2025longrange,
  title = {Long-Range Distillation: Distilling 10,000 Years of Simulated Climate into Long Timestep AI Weather Models},
  author = {Scott A. Martin and Noah Brenowitz and Dale Durran and Michael Pritchard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22814},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22814},
}

@article{fatehi2025predictive,
  title = {Predictive Modeling of Power Outages during Extreme Events: Integrating Weather and Socio-Economic Factors},
  author = {Nina Fatehi and Antar Kumar Biswas and Masoud H. Nazari},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22699},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22699},
}

@article{konczal2025machine,
  title = {Machine learning models for predicting catastrophe bond coupons using climate data},
  author = {Julia Kończal and Michał Balcerek and Krzysztof Burnecki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22660},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22660},
}

@article{botvynko2025neural,
  title = {Neural ocean forecasting from sparse satellite-derived observations: a case-study for SSH dynamics and altimetry data},
  author = {Daria Botvynko and Pierre Haslée and Lucile Gaultier and Bertrand Chapron and Clement de Boyer Montégut and Anass El Aouni and Julien Le Sommer and Ronan Fablet},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22152},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22152},
}

@article{zhou2025complete,
  title = {The Complete Anatomy of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Revealed by Artificial Intelligence},
  author = {Xiao Zhou and Yuze Sun and Jie Wu and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.22144},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22144},
}

@article{zhou2025omniweather,
  title = {Omni-Weather: A Unified Multimodal Model for Weather Radar Understanding and Generation},
  author = {Zhiwang Zhou and Yuandong Pu and Xuming He and Yidi Liu and Yixin Chen and Junchao Gong and Xiang Zhuang and Wanghan Xu and Qinglong Cao and Shixiang Tang and Yihao Liu and Wenlong Zhang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.21643},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21643},
}

@article{foo2025stldm,
  title = {STLDM: Spatio-Temporal Latent Diffusion Model for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Shi Quan Foo and Chi-Ho Wong and Zhihan Gao and Dit-Yan Yeung and Ka-Hing Wong and Wai-Kin Wong},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.21118},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21118},
}

@article{baldassare2025even,
  title = {Even Small Companies Can Save Lives by Reducing Emissions},
  author = {Daniel Baldassare and Abby Lute and Hikari Murayama and Cora Kingdon and Christopher Schwalm},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.20473},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20473},
}

@article{christiansen2025quantum,
  title = {Quantum Bayesian Optimization for the Automatic Tuning of Lorenz-96 as a Surrogate Climate Model},
  author = {Paul J. Christiansen and Daniel Ohl de Mello and Cedric Brügmann and Steffen Hien and Felix Herbort and Martin Kiffner and Lorenzo Pastori and Veronika Eyring and Mierk Schwabe},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.20437},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20437},
}

@article{bao2025ensemble,
  title = {The Ensemble Schr{ö}dinger Bridge filter for Nonlinear Data Assimilation},
  author = {Feng Bao and Hui Sun},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.18928},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18928},
}

@article{schreck2025controllable,
  title = {Controllable Probabilistic Forecasting with Stochastic Decomposition Layers},
  author = {John S. Schreck and William E. Chapman and Charlie Becker and David John Gagne and Dhamma Kimpara and Nihanth Cherukuru and Judith Berner and Kirsten J. Mayer and Negin Sobhani},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.18815},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18815},
}

@article{stefanelli2025neuralnetwork,
  title = {A Neural-Network Model-Measurement-Based Observation Operator For Weather Radar Reflectivity Assimilation},
  author = {Marco Stefanelli and Žiga Zaplotnik and Gregor Skok},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.18289},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18289},
}

@article{perkins2025hiroace,
  title = {HiRO-ACE: Fast and skillful AI emulation and downscaling trained on a 3 km global storm-resolving model},
  author = {W. Andre Perkins and Anna Kwa and Jeremy McGibbon and Troy Arcomano and Spencer K. Clark and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Christopher S. Bretherton and Lucas M. Harris},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.18224},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18224},
}

@article{atureta2025curated,
  title = {A curated UK rain radar data set for training and benchmarking nowcasting models},
  author = {Viv Atureta and Rifki Priansyah Jasin and Stefan Siegert},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17924},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17924},
}

@article{whittaker2025learning,
  title = {Learning vertical coordinates via automatic differentiation of a dynamical core},
  author = {Tim Whittaker and Seth Taylor and Elsa Cardoso-Bihlo and Alejandro Di Luca and Alex Bihlo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17877},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17877},
}

@article{kieu2025reconstructing,
  title = {Reconstructing Pre-Satellite Tropical Cyclogenesis Climatology Using Deep Learning},
  author = {Chanh Kieu and Thanh T. N. Nguyen and Duc-Trong Le and Duc Gia-Anh Hoang and Quang-Lap Luu and Binh T. Dang and Truong X. Ngo and Quang-Trung Luu and Tien D. Du and Khiem V. Mai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17711},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17711},
}

@article{mcafee2025am,
  title = {Am I Confused or Is This Confusing?: Deep Ensembles for ENSO Uncertainty Quantification},
  author = {Devin M. McAfee and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17153},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17153},
}

@article{happe2025interpretable,
  title = {An Interpretable Latent Space reveals changing dynamics of European heatwaves},
  author = {Tamara Happé and Jasper Wijnands and Paolo Scussolini and Peter Pfleiderer and Dim Coumou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.17097},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17097},
}

@article{castillo2025physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Lightweight Machine Learning for Aviation Visibility Nowcasting Across Multiple Climatic Regimes},
  author = {Marcelo Cerda Castillo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.16967},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.16967},
}

@article{tivenan2025statistical,
  title = {A Statistical Framework for Spatial Boundary Estimation and Change Detection: Application to the Sahel Sahara Climate Transition},
  author = {Stephen Tivenan and Indranil Sahoo and Yanjun Qian},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.15650},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15650},
}

@article{song2025huayu,
  title = {Huayu: Advanced Real-Time Precipitation Estimation from Geostationary Satellite},
  author = {Zijiang Song and Ting Liu and Lina Yuan and Yuying Li and Ao Xu and Xigang Sun and Ye Li and Feng Lu and Min Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.15222},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15222},
}

@article{bessaih2025continuous,
  title = {Continuous data assimilation for 2D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations},
  author = {Hakima Bessaih and Benedetta Ferrario and Oussama Landoulsi and Margherita Zanella},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.15184},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15184},
}

@article{evans2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting Forecast Error for the HRRR Using LSTM Neural Networks: A Comparative Study Using New York and Oklahoma State Mesonets},
  author = {David Aaron Evans and Kara J. Sulia and Nick P. Bassill and Chris D. Thorncroft and Jay C. Rothenberger and Lauriana C. Gaudet},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.14898},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14898},
}

@article{raeth2025evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating Weather Forecasts from a Decision Maker's Perspective},
  author = {Kornelius Raeth and Nicole Ludwig},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.14779},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14779},
}

@article{takeshima2025bridging,
  title = {Bridging Artificial Intelligence and Data Assimilation: The Data-driven Ensemble Forecasting System ClimaX-LETKF},
  author = {Akira Takeshima and Kenta Shiraishi and Atsushi Okazaki and Tadashi Tsuyuki and Shunji Kotsuki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.14444},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14444},
}

@article{schwabe2025quantum,
  title = {Quantum Machine Learning for Climate Modelling},
  author = {Mierk Schwabe and Lorenzo Pastori and Valentina Sarandrea and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.14208},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14208},
}

@article{wardleikis2025intercomparison,
  title = {An intercomparison of generative machine learning methods for downscaling precipitation at fine spatial scales},
  author = {Bryn Ward-Leikis and Neelesh Rampal and Yun Sing Koh and Peter B. Gibson and Hong-Yang Liu and Vassili Kitsios and Tristan Meyers and Jeff Adie and Yang Juntao and Steven C. Sherwood},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.13987},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13987},
}

@article{domingos2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Explainable AI Methods for Seasonal Precipitation Prediction in South America},
  author = {Matheus Corrêa Domingos and Valdivino Alexandre de Santiago Júnior and Juliana Aparecida Anochi and Elcio Hideiti Shiguemori and Luísa Mirelle Costa dos Santos and Hércules Carlos dos Santos Pereira and André Estevam Costa Oliveira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.13910},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13910},
}

@article{becker2025winter,
  title = {Winter Precipitation Type Diagnosis and Uncertainty Quantification with a Physically Consistent Machine Learning Method},
  author = {Charlie Becker and David John Gagne and Julie Demuth and John S. Schreck and Jacob Radford and Gabrielle Gantos and Eliot Kim and Dhamma Kimpara and Sophia Reiner and Justin Willson and Christopher D. Wirz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.13899},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13899},
}

@article{sipila2025timeaware,
  title = {Time-aware UNet and super-resolution deep residual networks for spatial downscaling},
  author = {Mika Sipilä and Sabrina Maggio and Sandra De Iaco and Klaus Nordhausen and Monica Palma and Sara Taskinen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.13753},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13753},
}

@article{mu2025skillful,
  title = {Skillful Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Forecasting of Extreme Events with a Multi-Sphere Coupled Probabilistic Model},
  author = {Bin Mu and Yuxuan Chen and Shijin Yuan and Bo Qin and Hao Guo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.12545},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12545},
}

@article{voort2025balancing,
  title = {Balancing Accuracy and Speed: A Multi-Fidelity Ensemble Kalman Filter with a Machine Learning Surrogate Model},
  author = {Jeffrey van der Voort and Martin Verlaan and Hanne Kekkonen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.12276},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12276},
}

@article{lutjens2025meltwaterbench,
  title = {MeltwaterBench: Deep learning for spatiotemporal downscaling of surface meltwater},
  author = {Björn Lütjens and Patrick Alexander and Raf Antwerpen and Til Widmann and Guido Cervone and Marco Tedesco},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.12142},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12142},
}

@article{amerstorfer2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting CME Arrivals with Heliospheric Imagers from L5: A Data Assimilation Approach},
  author = {Tanja Amerstorfer and Justin Le Louëdec and David Barnes and Maike Bauer and Jackie A. Davies and Satabdwa Majumdar and Eva Weiler and Christian Möstl},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.09738},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09738},
}

@article{sambamurthy2025lazy,
  title = {Lazy Diffusion: Mitigating spectral collapse in generative diffusion-based stable autoregressive emulation of turbulent flows},
  author = {Anish Sambamurthy and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.09572},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09572},
}

@article{vicensmiquel2025diffusionbased,
  title = {A Diffusion-Based Framework for High-Resolution Precipitation Forecasting over CONUS},
  author = {Marina Vicens-Miquel and Amy McGovern and Aaron J. Hill and Efi Foufoula-Georgiou and Clement Guilloteau and Samuel S. P. Shen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.09059},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09059},
}

@article{chen2025fuxinowcast,
  title = {FuXi-Nowcast: Environment-conditioned deep learning for severe convection nowcasting},
  author = {Lei Chen and Zijian Zhu and Xiaoran Zhuang and Tianyuan Qi and Yuxuan Feng and Xiaohui Zhong and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.08974},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08974},
}

@article{arif2025forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting Fails: Unveiling Evasion Attacks in Weather Prediction Models},
  author = {Huzaifa Arif and Pin-Yu Chen and Alex Gittens and James Diffenderfer and Bhavya Kailkhura},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.08832},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08832},
}

@article{donno2025bytestorm,
  title = {ByteStorm: a multi-step data-driven approach for Tropical Cyclones detection and tracking},
  author = {Davide Donno and Donatello Elia and Gabriele Accarino and Marco De Carlo and Enrico Scoccimarro and Silvio Gualdi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.07885},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07885},
}

@article{effenberger2025bridging,
  title = {Bridging CORDEX and CMIP6: Machine Learning Downscaling for Wind and Solar Energy Droughts in Central Europe},
  author = {Nina Effenberger and Maxim Samarin and Maybritt Schillinger and Reto Knutti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.07429},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07429},
}

@article{xiong2025extending,
  title = {Extending Integrated Assessment Model scenarios until 2150 using an emulation Framework},
  author = {Weiwei Xiong and Katsumasa Tanaka},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.06026},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06026},
}

@article{sun2025china,
  title = {China Regional 3km Downscaling Based on Residual Corrective Diffusion Model},
  author = {Honglu Sun and Hao Jing and Zhixiang Dai and Sa Xiao and Wei Xue and Jian Sun and Qifeng Lu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.05377},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05377},
}

@article{lizerbram2025robustness,
  title = {Robustness Test for AI Forecasting of Hurricane Florence Using FourCastNetv2 and Random Perturbations of the Initial Condition},
  author = {Adam Lizerbram and Shane Stevenson and Iman Khadir and Matthew Tu and Samuel S. P. Shen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.05323},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05323},
}

@article{xiang2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatiotemporal Satellite Image Downscaling with Transfer Encoders and Autoregressive Generative Models},
  author = {Yang Xiang and Jingwen Zhong and Yige Yan and Petros Koutrakis and Eric Garshick and Meredith Franklin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.05139},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05139},
}

@article{lee2025nori,
  title = {NORi: An ML-Augmented Ocean Boundary Layer Parameterization},
  author = {Xin Kai Lee and Ali Ramadhan and Andre Souza and Gregory LeClaire Wagner and Simone Silvestri and John Marshall and Raffaele Ferrari},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.04452},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.04452},
}

@article{xiong2025highresolution,
  title = {High-Resolution Retrieval of Atmospheric Boundary Layers with Nonstationary Gaussian Processes},
  author = {Haoran Xiong and Paytsar Muradyan and Christopher J. Geoga},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.04217},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.04217},
}

@article{saynischwagner2025conditional,
  title = {Conditional updates of neural network weights for increased out of training performance},
  author = {Jan Saynisch-Wagner and Saran Rajendran Sari},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.03653},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03653},
}

@article{steele2025promising,
  title = {The promising potential of vision language models for the generation of textual weather forecasts},
  author = {Edward C. C. Steele and Dinesh Mane and Emilio Monti and Luis Orus and Rebecca Chantrill-Cheyette and Matthew Couch and Kirstine I. Dale and Simon Eaton and Govindarajan Rangarajan and Amir Majlesi and Steven Ramsdale and Michael Sharpe and Craig Smith and Jonathan Smith and Rebecca Yates and Holly Ellis and Charles Ewen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.03623},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03623},
}

@article{peduto2025observationdriven,
  title = {Observation-driven correction of numerical weather prediction for marine winds},
  author = {Matteo Peduto and Qidong Yang and Jonathan Giezendanner and Devis Tuia and Sherrie Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.03606},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03606},
}

@article{hou2025calibrating,
  title = {Calibrating Geophysical Predictions under Constrained Probabilistic Distributions},
  author = {Zhewen Hou and Jiajin Sun and Subashree Venkatasubramanian and Peter Jin and Shuolin Li and Tian Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.03081},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03081},
}

@article{storer2025harmonic,
  title = {Harmonic Extension for Multiscale Analysis and Modeling Near Boundaries, with an Ocean Application},
  author = {Benjamin A. Storer and Mehrnoush Kharghani and Alistair Adcroft and Hussein Aluie},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.03051},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03051},
}

@article{li2025tabgru,
  title = {TabGRU: An Enhanced Design for Urban Rainfall Intensity Estimation Using Commercial Microwave Links},
  author = {Xingwang Li and Mengyun Chen and Jiamou Liu and Sijie Wang and Shuanggen Jin and Jafet C. M. Andersson and Jonas Olsson and Remco and van de Beek and Hai Victor Habi and Congzheng Han},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.02465},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02465},
}

@article{irvin2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatiotemporal Pyramid Flow Matching for Climate Emulation},
  author = {Jeremy Andrew Irvin and Jiaqi Han and Zikui Wang and Abdulaziz Alharbi and Yufei Zhao and Nomin-Erdene Bayarsaikhan and Daniele Visioni and Andrew Y. Ng and Duncan Watson-Parris},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.02268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02268},
}

@article{akande2025ecocast,
  title = {EcoCast: A Spatio-Temporal Model for Continual Biodiversity and Climate Risk Forecasting},
  author = {Hammed A. Akande and Abdulrauf A. Gidado},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.02260},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02260},
}

@article{dirkson2025we,
  title = {Are we misdiagnosing ensemble forecast reliability? On the insufficiency of Spread-Error and rank-based reliability metrics},
  author = {Arlan Dirkson and Mark Buehner},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.02160},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02160},
}

@article{harder2025global,
  title = {On Global Applicability and Location Transferability of Generative Deep Learning Models for Precipitation Downscaling},
  author = {Paula Harder and Christian Lessig and Matthew Chantry and Francis Pelletier and David Rolnick},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.01400},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01400},
}

@article{bao2025data,
  title = {Data assimilation and discrepancy modeling with shallow recurrent decoders},
  author = {Yuxuan Bao and J. Nathan Kutz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.01170},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01170},
}

@article{chin2025piano,
  title = {PIANO: Physics-informed Dual Neural Operator for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Seokhyun Chin and Junghwan Park and Woojin Cho},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.01062},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01062},
}

@article{mansfield2025epistemic,
  title = {Epistemic and Aleatoric Uncertainty Quantification in Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Laura A. Mansfield and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.23448},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23448},
}

@article{nordhagen2025highresolution,
  title = {High-Resolution Probabilistic Data-Driven Weather Modeling with a Stretched-Grid},
  author = {Even Marius Nordhagen and Håvard Homleid Haugen and Aram Farhad Shafiq Salihi and Magnus Sikora Ingstad and Thomas Nils Nipen and Ivar Ambjørn Seierstad and Inger-Lise Frogner and Mariana Clare and Simon Lang and Matthew Chantry and Peter Dueben and Jørn Kristiansen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.23043},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23043},
}

@article{immorlano2025technical,
  title = {Technical Report: Towards Unified Diffusion Models for Multi-Model Climate Emulation at Scale},
  author = {Francesco Immorlano and Elijah Tavares and Felix Draxler and Padhraic Smyth and Pierre Gentine and Stephan Mandt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.22970},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22970},
}

@article{fanelli2025superresolution,
  title = {Super-resolution of satellite-derived SST data via Generative Adversarial Networks},
  author = {Claudia Fanelli and Tiany Li and Luca Biferale and Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli and Daniele Ciani and Andrea Pisano and Michele Buzzicotti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.22610},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22610},
}

@article{weng2025climatological,
  title = {Climatological benchmarking of AI-generated tropical cyclones},
  author = {Yanmo Weng and Avantika Gori},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.21792},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21792},
}

@article{jiang2025ewe,
  title = {EWE: An Agentic Framework for Extreme Weather Analysis},
  author = {Zhe Jiang and Jiong Wang and Xiaoyu Yue and Zijie Guo and Wenlong Zhang and Fenghua Ling and Wanli Ouyang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.21444},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21444},
}

@article{lin2025crowdsourcing,
  title = {Crowdsourcing the Frontier: Advancing Hybrid Physics-ML Climate Simulation via a $50,000 Kaggle Competition},
  author = {Jerry Lin and Zeyuan Hu and Tom Beucler and Katherine Frields and Hannah Christensen and Walter Hannah and Helge Heuer and Peter Ukkonnen and Laura A. Mansfield and Tian Zheng and Liran Peng and Ritwik Gupta and Pierre Gentine and Yusef Al-Naher and Mingjiang Duan and Kyo Hattori and Weiliang Ji and Chunhan Li and Kippei Matsuda and Naoki Murakami and Shlomo Ron and Marec Serlin and Hongjian Song and Yuma Tanabe and Daisuke Yamamoto and Jianyao Zhou and Mike Pritchard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.20963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20963},
}

@article{hua2025extratropical,
  title = {Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation Response to ENSO in Deep Learning Pacific Pacemaker Experiments},
  author = {Zhanxiang Hua and Christina Karamperidou and Zilu Meng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.20899},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20899},
}

@article{zhang2025causal,
  title = {Causal Feature Selection for Weather-Driven Residential Load Forecasting},
  author = {Elise Zhang and François Mirallès and Stéphane Dellacherie and Di Wu and Benoit Boulet},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.20508},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20508},
}

@article{kim2025climateagent,
  title = {CLIMATEAGENT: Multi-Agent Orchestration for Complex Climate Data Science Workflows},
  author = {Hyeonjae Kim and Chenyue Li and Wen Deng and Mengxi Jin and Wen Huang and Mengqian Lu and Binhang Yuan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.20109},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20109},
}

@article{zhou2025concept,
  title = {Concept drift of simple forecast models as a diagnostic of low-frequency, regime-dependent atmospheric reorganisation},
  author = {Haokun Zhou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.19638},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19638},
}

@article{lin2025cloud4d,
  title = {Cloud4D: Estimating Cloud Properties at a High Spatial and Temporal Resolution},
  author = {Jacob Lin and Edward Gryspeerdt and Ronald Clark},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.19431},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19431},
}

@article{silva2025multiresolution,
  title = {A multiresolution weather dataset for the Southwestern South Atlantic (2017-2018)},
  author = {Luan C. V. Silva and Lívia Sancho and Mauricio S. Silva and Elisa Passos and Larissa F. R. Jacinto and Rebeca S. Lyra and Nilton O. Moraes and Carina S. Bock and Douglas M. Nehme and Raquel Toste and Jacques Honigbaum and Rodrigo S. Luna and Carlos H. Beisl and Patricia M. Silva and Adriano O. Vasconcelos and Rian C. Ferreira and Cédric Eneau and Fernando A. Rochinha and Luiz P. F. Assad and Alvaro L. G. A. Coutinho and Laura Bahiense and Alexandre G. Evsukoff},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.18704},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18704},
}

@article{ju2025rectifying,
  title = {Rectifying Distribution Shift in Cascaded Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Fanbo Ju and Haiyuan Shi and Qingjian Ni},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.17628},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17628},
}

@article{almeida2025predictive,
  title = {On the Predictive Skill of Artificial Intelligence-based Weather Models for Extreme Events using Uncertainty Quantification},
  author = {Rodrigo Almeida and Noelia Otero and Miguel-Ángel Fernández-Torres and Jackie Ma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.17176},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17176},
}

@article{valero2025streaming,
  title = {Towards Streaming Prediction of Oscillatory Flows: A Data Assimilation and Machine Learning Approach},
  author = {Miguel M. Valero and Marcello Meldi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.15758},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15758},
}

@article{c2025nowcasting,
  title = {Nowcasting of Aviation Radiation Using Geospace Environment Properties: A Machine Learning Approach},
  author = {Sanjib K C and Viacheslav M Sadykov and Dustin Kempton},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.15746},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15746},
}

@article{hazarika2025swrviz,
  title = {SWR-Viz: AI-assisted Interactive Visual Analytics Framework for Ship Weather Routing},
  author = {Subhashis Hazarika and Leonard Lupin-Jimenez and Rohit Vuppala and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Hon Yung Wong},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.15182},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15182},
}

@article{xiong2025bridging,
  title = {Bridging the Gap Between Bayesian Deep Learning and Ensemble Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Xinlei Xiong and Wenbo Hu and Shuxun Zhou and Kaifeng Bi and Lingxi Xie and Ying Liu and Richang Hong and Qi Tian},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.14218},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14218},
}

@article{saleh2025reconstructing,
  title = {Reconstructing the Aerosol State from Partial Observations with Generative Modeling},
  author = {E. Saleh and S. Ghaffari and J. H. Curtis and L. Patel and P. A. Bosler and N. Riemer and M. West},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.14059},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14059},
}

@article{battini2025weather,
  title = {Weather Maps as Tokens: Transformers for Renewable Energy Forecasting},
  author = {Federico Battini},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.13935},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13935},
}

@article{pourtakdoust2025deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Density Shaping Model Predictive Gust Load Alleviation Control of a Compliant Wing Subjected to Atmospheric Turbulence},
  author = {Seid H. Pourtakdoust and Amir H. Khodabakhsh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.13745},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13745},
}

@article{ahmed2025mmwstmadran,
  title = {MMWSTM-ADRAN+: A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Enhanced Climate Time Series Forecasting and Extreme Event Prediction},
  author = {Shaheen Mohammed Saleh Ahmed and Hakan Hakan Guneyli},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.13419},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13419},
}

@article{hedayat2025attentionenhanced,
  title = {Attention-Enhanced Convolutional Autoencoder and Structured Delay Embeddings for Weather Prediction},
  author = {Amirpasha Hedayat and Karthik Duraisamy},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.12682},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12682},
}

@article{kawasaki2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Ultra Rapid Data Assimilation Based on Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter with the Lorenz 96 Model},
  author = {Fumitoshi Kawasaki and Atsushi Okazaki and Kenta Kurosawa and Shunji Kotsuki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.12620},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12620},
}

@article{temraz2025augmenting,
  title = {Augmenting The Weather: A Hybrid Counterfactual-SMOTE Algorithm for Improving Crop Growth Prediction When Climate Changes},
  author = {Mohammed Temraz and Mark T Keane},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11945},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11945},
}

@article{huebscher2025clinb,
  title = {CLINB: A Climate Intelligence Benchmark for Foundational Models},
  author = {Michelle Chen Huebscher and Katharine Mach and Aleksandar Stanić and Markus Leippold and Ben Gaiarin and Zeke Hausfather and Elisa Rawat and Erich Fischer and Massimiliano Ciaramita and Joeri Rogelj and Christian Buck and Lierni Sestorain Saralegui and Reto Knutti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11597},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11597},
}

@article{bhuskute2025computationallyefficient,
  title = {Computationally-efficient deep learning models for nowcasting of precipitation: A solution for the Weather4cast 2025 challenge},
  author = {Anushree Bhuskute and Kaushik Gopalan and Jeet Shah},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11197},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11197},
}

@article{kushwaha2025comparison,
  title = {A Comparison of Lightweight Deep Learning Models for Particulate-Matter Nowcasting in the Indian Subcontinent & Surrounding Regions},
  author = {Ansh Kushwaha and Kaushik Gopalan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11185},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11185},
}

@article{collard2025power,
  title = {Power Ensemble Aggregation for Improved Extreme Event AI Prediction},
  author = {Julien Collard and Pierre Gentine and Tian Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11170},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11170},
}

@article{ghosh2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Short-Term Precipitation Prediction in Four Major Indian Cities: A ConvLSTM Approach with Explainable AI},
  author = {Tanmay Ghosh and Shaurabh Anand and Rakesh Gomaji Nannewar and Nithin Nagaraj},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11152},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11152},
}

@article{harris2025spacetime,
  title = {A Space-Time Transformer for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Levi Harris and Tianlong Chen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.11090},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11090},
}

@article{filho2025dinov3,
  title = {DINOv3 as a Frozen Encoder for CRPS-Oriented Probabilistic Rainfall Nowcasting},
  author = {Luciano Araujo Dourado Filho and Almir Moreira da Silva Neto and Anthony Miyaguchi and Rodrigo Pereira David and Rodrigo Tripodi Calumby and Lukáš Picek},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.10894},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10894},
}

@article{brempong2025oya,
  title = {Oya: Deep Learning for Accurate Global Precipitation Estimation},
  author = {Emmanuel Asiedu Brempong and Mohammed Alewi Hassen and MohamedElfatih MohamedKhair and Vusumuzi Dube and Santiago Hincapie Potes and Olivia Graham and Amanie Brik and Amy McGovern and George J. Huffman and Jason Hickey},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.10562},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10562},
}

@article{cooke2025role,
  title = {The Role of Deep Mesoscale Eddies in Ensemble Forecast Performance},
  author = {Justin Cooke and Kathleen Donohue and Clark D Rowley and Prasad G Thoppil and D Randolph Watts},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.09747},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09747},
}

@article{ribeiro2025flowcast,
  title = {FlowCast: Advancing Precipitation Nowcasting with Conditional Flow Matching},
  author = {Bernardo Perrone Ribeiro and Jana Faganeli Pucer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.09731},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09731},
}

@article{xu2025synweather,
  title = {SynWeather: Weather Observation Data Synthesis across Multiple Regions and Variables via a General Diffusion Transformer},
  author = {Kaiyi Xu and Junchao Gong and Zhiwang Zhou and Zhangrui Li and Yuandong Pu and Yihao Liu and Ben Fei and Fenghua Ling and Wenlong Zhang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.08291},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08291},
}

@article{liu2025efficient,
  title = {Efficient Regional Storm Surge Surrogate Model Training Strategy Under Evolving Landscape and Climate Scenarios},
  author = {Ziyue Liu and Mohammad Ahmadi Gharehtoragh and Brenna Kari Losch and David R. Johnson},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.07269},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07269},
}

@article{jiang2025sstode,
  title = {SSTODE: Ocean-Atmosphere Physics-Informed Neural ODEs for Sea Surface Temperature Prediction},
  author = {Zheng Jiang and Wei Wang and Gaowei Zhang and Yi Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.05629},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05629},
}

@article{schicker2025beyond,
  title = {Beyond Resolution: Multi-Scale Weather and Climate Data for Alpine Renewable Energy in the Digital Twin Era -- First Evaluations and Recommendations},
  author = {Irene Schicker and Marianne Bügelmayer-Blaschek and Annemarie Lexer and Katharina Baier and Kristofer Hasel and Paolo Gazzaneo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.05584},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05584},
}

@article{catao2025precipitation,
  title = {Precipitation nowcasting of satellite data using physically-aligned neural networks},
  author = {Antônio Catão and Melvin Poveda and Leonardo Voltarelli and Paulo Orenstein},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.05471},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05471},
}

@article{luong2025climate,
  title = {Climate Downscaling of Tropical Cyclone Intensity using Deep Learning},
  author = {Minh-Khanh Luong and Chanh Kieu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.05392},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05392},
}

@article{germain2025improvement,
  title = {Improvement of a neural network convection scheme by including triggering and evaluation in present and future climates},
  author = {Hugo Germain and Blanka Balogh and Olivier Geoffroy and David Saint-Martin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.05074},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05074},
}

@article{ermis2025global,
  title = {Global 3D Reconstruction of Clouds & Tropical Cyclones},
  author = {Shirin Ermis and Cesar Aybar and Lilli Freischem and Stella Girtsou and Kyriaki-Margarita Bintsi and Emiliano Diaz Salas-Porras and Michael Eisinger and William Jones and Anna Jungbluth and Benoit Tremblay},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.04773},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04773},
}

@article{chen2025nowcast3d,
  title = {Nowcast3D: Reliable precipitation nowcasting via gray-box learning},
  author = {Huaguan Chen and Wei Han and Haofei Sun and Ning Lin and Xingtao Song and Yunfan Yang and Jie Tian and Yang Liu and Ji-Rong Wen and Xiaoye Zhang and Xueshun Shen and Hao Sun},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.04659},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04659},
}

@article{loganathan2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning-Driven Downscaling for Climate Risk Assessment of Projected Temperature Extremes in the Nordic Region},
  author = {Parthiban Loganathan and Elias Zea and Ricardo Vinuesa and Evelyn Otero},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03770},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03770},
}

@article{shah2025assessing,
  title = {Assessing Climate Vulnerability Risk for Substations in Massachusetts Via Sensitivity Analysis},
  author = {Hritik Gopal Shah and Elli Ntakou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03748},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03748},
}

@article{costa2025climate,
  title = {Climate Adaptation with Reinforcement Learning: Economic vs. Quality of Life Adaptation Pathways},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03243},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03243},
}

@article{moustakas2025topography,
  title = {Topography, climate, land cover, and biodiversity: Explaining endemic richness and management implications on a Mediterranean island},
  author = {Aristides Moustakas and Ioannis N Vogiatzakis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03242},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03242},
}

@article{costa2025incorporating,
  title = {Incorporating Quality of Life in Climate Adaptation Planning via Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Arthur Vandervoort and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03238},
}

@article{alipourhajiagha2025probabilistic,
  title = {A Probabilistic U-Net Approach to Downscaling Climate Simulations},
  author = {Maryam Alipourhajiagha and Pierre-Louis Lemaire and Youssef Diouane and Julie Carreau},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.03197},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03197},
}

@article{roque2025intercomparison,
  title = {Intercomparison of a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model Ensemble for Catchment-Scale Water Cycle Processes under Human Influence},
  author = {J. L. Roque and F. Da Silva Lopes and J. A. Giles and B. D. Gutknecht and B. Schalge and Y. Zhang and M. Ferro and P. Friederichs and K. Goergen and S. Poll and A. Valmassoi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.02799},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02799},
}

@article{falga2025unified,
  title = {Towards a Unified Data-Driven Boundary Layer Momentum Flux Parameterization for Ocean and Atmosphere},
  author = {Renaud Falga and Sara Shamekh and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.01766},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01766},
}

@article{afargangerstman2025do,
  title = {Do AI models predict storm impacts as accurately as physics-based models? A case study of the February 2020 storm series over the North Atlantic},
  author = {Hilla Afargan-Gerstman and Rachel W. -Y. Wu and Alice Ferrini and Daniela I. V. Domeisen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.01665},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01665},
}

@article{wang2025dambench,
  title = {DAMBench: A Multi-Modal Benchmark for Deep Learning-based Atmospheric Data Assimilation},
  author = {Hao Wang and Zixuan Weng and Jindong Han and Wei Fan and Hao Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.01468},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01468},
}

@article{fang2025tipping,
  title = {Tipping Points and Cascading Transitions: Methods, Principles, and Evidences},
  author = {Sheng Fang and Ziyan Wang and Jürgen Kurths and Jingfang Fan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.01168},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01168},
}

@article{chen2025oceanai,
  title = {OceanAI: A Conversational Platform for Accurate, Transparent, Near-Real-Time Oceanographic Insights},
  author = {Bowen Chen and Jayesh Gajbhar and Gregory Dusek and Rob Redmon and Patrick Hogan and Paul Liu and DelWayne Bohnenstiehl and Dongkuan Xu and Ruoying He},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.01019},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01019},
}

@article{dobra2025sensitivity,
  title = {Sensitivity Analysis for Climate Science with Generative Flow Models},
  author = {Alex Dobra and Jakiw Pidstrigach and Tim Reichelt and Paolo Fraccaro and Anne Jones and Johannes Jakubik and Christian Schroeder de Witt and Philip Torr and Philip Stier},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.00663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00663},
}

@article{rucker2025benchmarking,
  title = {Benchmarking Regional Thermodynamic Trends in an AI emulator, ACE2, and a hybrid model, NeuralGCM},
  author = {Katharine Rucker and Ian Baxter and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Tiffany A. Shaw and Hamid A. Pahlavan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.00274},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00274},
}

@article{zhang2025efficient,
  title = {An Efficient and Generalizable Transfer Learning Method for Weather Condition Detection on Ground Terminals},
  author = {Wenxuan Zhang and Peng Hu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.00211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00211},
}

@article{borah2025physiologically,
  title = {Physiologically Active Vegetation Reverses Its Cooling Effect in Humid Urban Climates},
  author = {Angana Borah and Adrija Datta and Ashish S. Kumar and Raviraj Dave and Udit Bhatia},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.00134},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00134},
}

@article{liu2025adaptive,
  title = {Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Graphs with Self-Supervised Pretraining for Multi-Horizon Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Yao Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.00049},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00049},
}

@article{laloyaux2025data,
  title = {Using data assimilation tools to dissect GraphDOP},
  author = {Patrick Laloyaux and Mihai Alexe and Eulalie Boucher and Peter Lean and Ewan Pinnington and Simon Lang and Tobias Necker and Anthony McNally},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.27388},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27388},
}

@article{snaiki2025hierarchical,
  title = {A Hierarchical Deep Learning Model for Predicting Pedestrian-Level Urban Winds},
  author = {Reda Snaiki and Jiachen Lu and Shaopeng Li and Negin Nazarian},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.27101},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27101},
}

@article{lancelin2025aiboosted,
  title = {AI-boosted rare event sampling to characterize extreme weather},
  author = {Amaury Lancelin and Alex Wikner and Laurent Dubus and Clément Le Priol and Dorian S. Abbot and Freddy Bouchet and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Jonathan Weare},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.27066},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27066},
}

@article{malsky2025accelerating,
  title = {Accelerating Radiative Transfer for Planetary Atmospheres by Orders of Magnitude with a Transformer-Based Machine Learning Model},
  author = {Isaac Malsky and Tiffany Kataria and Natasha E. Batalha and Matthew Graham},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.27050},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.27050},
}

@article{masi2025safe,
  title = {SAFE: A Novel Approach to AI Weather Evaluation through Stratified Assessments of Forecasts over Earth},
  author = {Nick Masi and Randall Balestriero},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.26099},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26099},
}

@article{hassan2025climate,
  title = {Climate Adaptation-Aware Flood Prediction for Coastal Cities Using Deep Learning},
  author = {Bilal Hassan and Areg Karapetyan and Aaron Chung Hin Chow and Samer Madanat},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.26017},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26017},
}

@article{yao2025predictability,
  title = {Predictability of Storms in an Idealized Climate Revealed by Machine Learning},
  author = {Wuqiushi Yao and Or Hadas and Yohai Kaspi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.25633},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25633},
}

@article{flos2025cobase,
  title = {COBASE: A new copula-based shuffling method for ensemble weather forecast postprocessing},
  author = {Maurits Flos and Bastien François and Irene Schicker and Kirien Whan and Elisa Perrone},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.25610},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25610},
}

@article{medina2025leveraging,
  title = {Leveraging an Atmospheric Foundational Model for Subregional Sea Surface Temperature Forecasting},
  author = {Víctor Medina and Giovanny A. Cuervo-Londoño and Javier Sánchez},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.25563},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25563},
}

@article{aslanyan2025automated,
  title = {Automated Supervised Identification of Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGEs)},
  author = {Davit Aslanyan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.25125},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25125},
}

@article{loveday2025evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating Extreme Precipitation Forecasts: A Threshold-Weighted, Spatial Verification Approach for Comparing an AI Weather Prediction Model Against a High-Resolution NWP Model},
  author = {Nicholas Loveday and Tracy Hertneky},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.25045},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25045},
}

@article{wu2025interpolated,
  title = {Interpolated Discrepancy Data Assimilation for PDEs with Sparse Observations},
  author = {Tong Wu and Humberto Godinez and Vitaliy Gyrya and James M. Hyman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.24944},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24944},
}

@article{panja2025forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting precipitation in the Arctic using probabilistic machine learning informed by causal climate drivers},
  author = {Madhurima Panja and Dhiman Das and Tanujit Chakraborty and Arnob Ray and R. Athulya and Chittaranjan Hens and Syamal K. Dana and Nuncio Murukesh and Dibakar Ghosh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.24254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24254},
}

@article{rosu2025pdeinformed,
  title = {A PDE-Informed Latent Diffusion Model for 2-m Temperature Downscaling},
  author = {Paul Rosu and Muchang Bahng and Erick Jiang and Rico Zhu and Vahid Tarokh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.23866},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23866},
}

@article{liu2025revealing,
  title = {Revealing the Potential of Learnable Perturbation Ensemble Forecast Model for Tropical Cyclone Prediction},
  author = {Jun Liu and Tao Zhou and Jiarui Li and Xiaohui Zhong and Peng Zhang and Jie Feng and Lei Chen and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.23794},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23794},
}

@article{prajesh2025aidriven,
  title = {AI-Driven Carbon Monitoring: Transformer-Based Reconstruction of Atmospheric CO2 in Canadian Poultry Regions},
  author = {Padmanabhan Jagannathan Prajesh and Kaliaperumal Ragunath and Miriam Gordon and Bruce Rathgeber and Suresh Neethirajan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.23663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23663},
}

@article{shen2025hazardresponsive,
  title = {Hazard-Responsive Digital Twin for Climate-Driven Urban Resilience and Equity},
  author = {Zhenglai Shen and Hongyu Zhou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.22941},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22941},
}

@article{zeng2025review,
  title = {A Review of Neural Networks in Precipitation Prediction},
  author = {Yugong Zeng and Jiayuan Wang and Jonathan Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.22855},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22855},
}

@article{zanna2025framework,
  title = {A Framework for Hybrid Physics-AI Coupled Ocean Models},
  author = {Laure Zanna and William Gregory and Pavel Perezhogin and Aakash Sane and Cheng Zhang and Alistair Adcroft and Mitch Bushuk and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Brandon Reichl and Dhruv Balwada and Julius Busecke and William Chapman and Alex Connolly and Danni Du and Kelsey Everard and Fabrizio Falasca and Renaud Falga and David Kamm and Etienne Meunier and Qi Liu and Antoine Nasser and Matthew Pudig and Andrew Shao and Julia L. Simpson and Linus Vogt and Jiarong Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.22676},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22676},
}

@article{sun2025losda,
  title = {LO-SDA: Latent Optimization for Score-based Atmospheric Data Assimilation},
  author = {Jing-An Sun and Hang Fan and Junchao Gong and Ben Fei and Kun Chen and Fenghua Ling and Wenlong Zhang and Wanghan Xu and Li Yan and Pierre Gentine and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.22562},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22562},
}

@article{bailie2025hierarchical,
  title = {Hierarchical Graph Networks for Accurate Weather Forecasting via Lightweight Training},
  author = {Thomas Bailie and S. Karthik Mukkavilli and Varvara Vetrova and Yun Sing Koh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.22094},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22094},
}

@article{xu2025syncast,
  title = {SynCast: Synergizing Contradictions in Precipitation Nowcasting via Diffusion Sequential Preference Optimization},
  author = {Kaiyi Xu and Junchao Gong and Wenlong Zhang and Ben Fei and Lei Bai and Wanli Ouyang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.21847},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21847},
}

@article{castillo2025geographic,
  title = {Geographic Transferability of Machine Learning Models for Short-Term Airport Fog Forecasting},
  author = {Marcelo Cerda Castillo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.21819},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21819},
}

@article{zhou2025physicsguided,
  title = {A Physics-Guided AI Cascaded Corrector Model Significantly Extends Madden-Julian Oscillation Prediction Skill},
  author = {Xiao Zhou and Yuze Sun and Jie Wu and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.21796},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21796},
}

@article{zhang2025navigating,
  title = {Navigating Through Turbulence: Blueprint for the Next Generation of Weather-Climate Scientists},
  author = {Gan Zhang and Zhuo Wang and Kevin A Reed and Lucas M Harris},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.21123},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21123},
}

@article{xiong2025csupcast,
  title = {CSU-PCAST: A Dual-Branch Transformer Framework for medium-range ensemble Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Tianyi Xiong and Haonan Chen and Kelly Mahoney and Jingyin Tang and Tim Smith and Janice Bytheway},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20769},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20769},
}

@article{zhang2025hurdleimdl,
  title = {Hurdle-IMDL: An Imbalanced Learning Framework for Infrared Rainfall Retrieval},
  author = {Fangjian Zhang and Xiaoyong Zhuge and Wenlan Wang and Haixia Xiao and Yuying Zhu and Siyang Cheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20486},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20486},
}

@article{boucher2025learning,
  title = {Learning Coupled Earth System Dynamics with GraphDOP},
  author = {Eulalie Boucher and Mihai Alexe and Peter Lean and Ewan Pinnington and Simon Lang and Patrick Laloyaux and Lorenzo Zampieri and Patricia de Rosnay and Niels Bormann and Anthony McNally},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20416},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20416},
}

@article{liu2025stochastic,
  title = {A Stochastic Parameterization of Non-Orographic Gravity Waves Induced Mixing for Mars Planetary Climate Model},
  author = {Jiandong Liu and Ehouarn Millour and François Forget and François Lott and Jean-Yves Chaufray},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20410},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20410},
}

@article{feireisl2025continuous,
  title = {Continuous data assimilation applied to the Rayleigh-Benard problem for compressible fluid flows},
  author = {Eduard Feireisl and Wladimir Neves},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20316},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20316},
}

@article{redondo2025sparse,
  title = {Sparse Local Implicit Image Function for sub-km Weather Downscaling},
  author = {Yago del Valle Inclan Redondo and Enrique Arriaga-Varela and Dmitry Lyamzin and Pablo Cervantes and Tiago Ramalho},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.20228},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20228},
}

@article{liu2025nonintrusive,
  title = {Non-intrusive structural-preserving sequential data assimilation},
  author = {Lizuo Liu and Tongtong Li and Anne Gelb},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.19701},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19701},
}

@article{hong2025climateaware,
  title = {A Climate-Aware Deep Learning Framework for Generalizable Epidemic Forecasting},
  author = {Jinpyo Hong and Rachel E. Baker},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.19611},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19611},
}

@article{dodson2025signature,
  title = {Signature Kernel Scoring Rule: A Spatio-Temporal Diagnostic for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Archer Dodson and Ritabrata Dutta},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.19110},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19110},
}

@article{nguyen2025omnicast,
  title = {OmniCast: A Masked Latent Diffusion Model for Weather Forecasting Across Time Scales},
  author = {Tung Nguyen and Tuan Pham and Troy Arcomano and Veerabhadra Kotamarthi and Ian Foster and Sandeep Madireddy and Aditya Grover},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.18707},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18707},
}

@article{thapa2025digestible,
  title = {Digestible Pieces: comparing three options for partitioning the Northeast Pacific Coast for S2S sea surface height prediction},
  author = {Laura Thapa and Marybeth Arcodia and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.18133},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18133},
}

@article{lamb2025discovering,
  title = {Discovering How Ice Crystals Grow Using Neural ODE's and Symbolic Regression},
  author = {Kara D. Lamb and Jerry Y. Harrington and Alfred M. Moyle and Gwenore F. Pokrifka and Benjamin W. Clouser and Volker Ebert and Ottmar Möhler and Harald Saathoff},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.17935},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17935},
}

@article{sun2025deploying,
  title = {Deploying Atmospheric and Oceanic AI Models on Chinese Hardware and Framework: Migration Strategies, Performance Optimization and Analysis},
  author = {Yuze Sun and Wentao Luo and Yanfei Xiang and Jiancheng Pan and Jiahao Li and Quan Zhang and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.17852},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17852},
}

@article{dutta2025quantifying,
  title = {Quantifying Climate Policy Action and Its Links to Development Outcomes: A Cross-National Data-Driven Analysis},
  author = {Aditi Dutta},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.17425},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17425},
}

@article{masciadri2025optical,
  title = {Optical turbulence forecast for ground-based astronomy and free-space optical communication},
  author = {Elena Masciadri and Alessio Turchi and Camilo Weinberger and Marlene De Sepibus and Luca Fini},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.16845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16845},
}

@article{west2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for Climate Policy: Understanding Policy Progression in the European Green Deal},
  author = {Patricia West and Michelle WL Wan and Alexander Hepburn and Edwin Simpson and Raul Santos-Rodriguez and Jeffrey N Clark},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.16233},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16233},
}

@article{shi2025stormcentric,
  title = {A Storm-Centric 250 m NEXRAD Level-II Dataset for High-Resolution ML Nowcasting},
  author = {Andy Shi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.16031},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16031},
}

@article{gong2025dawp,
  title = {DAWP: A framework for global observation forecasting via Data Assimilation and Weather Prediction in satellite observation space},
  author = {Junchao Gong and Jingyi Xu and Ben Fei and Fenghua Ling and Wenlong Zhang and Kun Chen and Wanghan Xu and Weidong Yang and Xiaokang Yang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.15978},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15978},
}

@article{meng2025evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating the Prediction of Wind Power Ramping Events in the Belgian Offshore Zone},
  author = {Ruoke Meng and Geert Smet and Dieter Van den Bleeken and Aaron Van Poecke and Hossein Tabari and Peter Hellinckx and Piet Termonia and Joris Van den Bergh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.15474},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15474},
}

@article{li2025small,
  title = {Small Ensemble-based Data Assimilation: A Machine Learning-Enhanced Data Assimilation Method with Limited Ensemble Size},
  author = {Zhilin Li and Zhou Yao and Xianglong Li and Zeng Liu and Zhaokuan Lu and Shanlin Xu and Seungnam Kim and Guangyao Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.15284},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.15284},
}

@article{nguyen2025raindiff,
  title = {RainDiff: End-to-end Precipitation Nowcasting Via Token-wise Attention Diffusion},
  author = {Thao Nguyen and Jiaqi Ma and Fahad Shahbaz Khan and Souhaib Ben Taieb and Salman Khan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.14962},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14962},
}

@article{trujillofalcon2025binary,
  title = {From Binary to Bilingual: How the National Weather Service is Using Artificial Intelligence to Develop a Comprehensive Translation Program},
  author = {Joseph E. Trujillo-Falcon and Monica L. Bozeman and Liam E. Llewellyn and Samuel T. Halvorson and Meryl Mizell and Stuti Deshpande and Bob Manning and Chris Rohrbach and Ian Blaylock and Angel Montanez and Todd Fagin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.14369},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14369},
}

@article{roqui2025multimodal,
  title = {A Multimodal Approach to Heritage Preservation in the Context of Climate Change},
  author = {David Roqui and Adèle Cormier and nistor Grozavu and Ann Bourges},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.14136},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14136},
}

@article{saccardi2025assessing,
  title = {Assessing the Geographic Generalization and Physical Consistency of Generative Models for Climate Downscaling},
  author = {Carlo Saccardi and Maximilian Pierzyna and Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde and Simone Monaco and Cristian Meo and Pietro Liò and Rudolf Saathof and Geethu Joseph and Justin Dauwels},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.13722},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13722},
}

@article{altuntas2025specification,
  title = {Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling},
  author = {Alper Altuntas and Allison H. Baker and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Stephen F. Siegel},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.13425},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13425},
}

@article{brusaferri2025kmscale,
  title = {Km-scale dynamical downscaling through conformalized latent diffusion models},
  author = {Alessandro Brusaferri and Andrea Ballarino},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.13301},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13301},
}

@article{agrawal2025operational,
  title = {An Operational Deep Learning System for Satellite-Based High-Resolution Global Nowcasting},
  author = {Shreya Agrawal and Mohammed Alewi Hassen and Emmanuel Asiedu Brempong and Boris Babenko and Fred Zyda and Olivia Graham and Di Li and Samier Merchant and Santiago Hincapie Potes and Tyler Russell and Danny Cheresnick and Aditya Prakash Kakkirala and Stephan Rasp and Avinatan Hassidim and Yossi Matias and Nal Kalchbrenner and Pramod Gupta and Jason Hickey and Aaron Bell},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.13050},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.13050},
}

@article{chobtham2025leveraging,
  title = {Leveraging Teleconnections with Physics-Informed Graph Attention Networks for Long-Range Extreme Rainfall Forecasting in Thailand},
  author = {Kiattikun Chobtham and Kanoksri Sarinnapakorn and Kritanai Torsri and Prattana Deeprasertkul and Jirawan Kamma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.12328},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12328},
}

@article{yasuda2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Super-Resolution for Urban Micrometeorology via a Schrödinger Bridge},
  author = {Yuki Yasuda and Ryo Onishi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.12148},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12148},
}

@article{joy2025attentionenhanced,
  title = {Attention-Enhanced LSTM Modeling for Improved Temperature and Rainfall Forecasting in Bangladesh},
  author = {Usman Gani Joy and Shahadat kabir and Tasnim Niger},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10702},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10702},
}

@article{erfani2025interactive,
  title = {Interactive Atmospheric Composition Emulation for Next-Generation Earth System Models},
  author = {Seyed Mohammad Hassan Erfani and Kara Lamb and Susanne Bauer and Kostas Tsigaridis and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Gavin Schmidt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10654},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10654},
}

@article{saleh2025generative,
  title = {Generative Modeling of Aerosol State Representations},
  author = {Ehsan Saleh and Saba Ghaffari and Jeffrey H. Curtis and Lekha Patel and Peter A. Bosler and Nicole Riemer and Matthew West},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10361},
}

@article{zhou2025progressive,
  title = {Progressive Scale Convolutional Network for Spatio-Temporal Downscaling of Soil Moisture: A Case Study Over the Tibetan Plateau},
  author = {Ziyu Zhou and Keyan Hu and Ling Zhang and Zhaohui Xue and Yutian Fang and Yusha Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10244},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10244},
}

@article{deng2025adversarial,
  title = {Adversarial Attacks on Downstream Weather Forecasting Models: Application to Tropical Cyclone Trajectory Prediction},
  author = {Yue Deng and Francisco Santos and Pang-Ning Tan and Lifeng Luo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.10140},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10140},
}

@article{stiller2025topofatmosphere,
  title = {Top-of-atmosphere radiation over the last millennium reconstructed from proxies},
  author = {Dominik Stiller and Gregory J. Hakim},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09896},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09896},
}

@article{gooya2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic bias adjustment of seasonal predictions of Arctic Sea Ice Concentration},
  author = {Parsa Gooya and Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09891},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09891},
}

@article{jahanmard2025principled,
  title = {Principled Operator Learning in Ocean Dynamics: The Role of Temporal Structure},
  author = {Vahidreza Jahanmard and Ali Ramezani-Kebrya and Robinson Hordoir},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09792},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09792},
}

@article{martinezibarra2025chlorophylla,
  title = {Chlorophyll-a Mapping and Prediction in the Mar Menor Lagoon Using C2RCC-Processed Sentinel 2 Imagery},
  author = {Antonio Martínez-Ibarra and Aurora González-Vidal and Adrián Cánovas-Rodríguez and Antonio F. Skarmeta},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09736},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09736},
}

@article{tian2025arrow,
  title = {ARROW: An Adaptive Rollout and Routing Method for Global Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Jindong Tian and Yifei Ding and Ronghui Xu and Hao Miao and Chenjuan Guo and Bin Yang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09734},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09734},
}

@article{chakravarty2025spatial,
  title = {Spatial Uncertainty Quantification in Wildfire Forecasting for Climate-Resilient Emergency Planning},
  author = {Aditya Chakravarty},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09666},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09666},
}

@article{larsson2025crpslam,
  title = {CRPS-LAM: Probabilistic Regional Weather Forecasting with Continuous Ranked Probability Score},
  author = {Erik Larsson and Joel Oskarsson and Tomas Landelius and Fredrik Lindsten},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.09484},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09484},
}

@article{heuer2025beyond,
  title = {Beyond the Training Data: Confidence-Guided Mixing of Parameterizations in a Hybrid AI-Climate Model},
  author = {Helge Heuer and Tom Beucler and Mierk Schwabe and Julien Savre and Manuel Schlund and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.08107},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08107},
}

@article{lassen2025climate,
  title = {Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM},
  author = {Oskar Bohn Lassen and Serio Angelo Maria Agriesti and Filipe Rodrigues and Francisco Camara Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.07971},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07971},
}

@article{yin2025simcast,
  title = {SimCast: Enhancing Precipitation Nowcasting with Short-to-Long Term Knowledge Distillation},
  author = {Yifang Yin and Shengkai Chen and Yiyao Li and Lu Wang and Ruibing Jin and Wei Cui and Shili Xiang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.07953},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07953},
}

@article{chakravarty2025outofdistribution,
  title = {Out-of-Distribution Generalization in Climate-Aware Yield Prediction with Earth Observation Data},
  author = {Aditya Chakravarty},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.07350},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07350},
}

@article{srivastava2025controlaugmented,
  title = {Control-Augmented Autoregressive Diffusion for Data Assimilation},
  author = {Prakhar Srivastava and Farrin Marouf Sofian and Francesco Immorlano and Kushagra Pandey and Stephan Mandt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06637},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06637},
}

@article{sutter2025road,
  title = {Road Surface Condition Detection with Machine Learning using New York State Department of Transportation Camera Images and Weather Forecast Data},
  author = {Carly Sutter and Kara J. Sulia and Nick P. Bassill and Christopher D. Wirz and Christopher D. Thorncroft and Jay C. Rothenberger and Vanessa Przybylo and Mariana G. Cains and Jacob Radford and David Aaron Evans},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06440},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06440},
}

@article{meo2025blockgpt,
  title = {BlockGPT: Spatio-Temporal Modelling of Rainfall via Frame-Level Autoregression},
  author = {Cristian Meo and Varun Sarathchandran and Avijit Majhi and Shao Hung and Carlo Saccardi and Ruben Imhoff and Roberto Deidda and Remko Uijlenhoet and Justin Dauwels},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06293},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06293},
}

@article{rahaman2025developing,
  title = {Developing a Sequential Deep Learning Pipeline to Model Alaskan Permafrost Thaw Under Climate Change},
  author = {Addina Rahaman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06258},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06258},
}

@article{seneca2025climate,
  title = {Climate Model Tuning with Online Synchronization-Based Parameter Estimation},
  author = {Jordan Seneca and Suzanne Bintanja and Frank M. Selten},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06180},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06180},
}

@article{pang2025zeeman,
  title = {Zeeman: A Deep Learning Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model},
  author = {Mijie Pang and Jianbing Jin and Arjo Segers and Hai Xiang Lin and Guoqiang Wang and Hong Liao and Wei Han},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06140},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06140},
}

@article{le2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Reconstruction of Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific from Climate Reanalysis Dataset},
  author = {Duc-Trong Le and Tran-Binh Dang and Anh-Duc Hoang Gia and Duc-Hai Nguyen and Minh-Hoa Tien and Xuan-Truong Ngo and Quang-Trung Luu and Quang-Lap Luu and Tai-Hung Nguyen and Thanh T. N. Nguyen and Chanh Kieu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.06118},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.06118},
}

@article{hafner2025representing,
  title = {Representing Subgrid-Scale Cloud Effects in a Radiation Parameterization using Machine Learning: MLe-radiation v1.0},
  author = {Katharina Hafner and Sara Shamekh and Guillaume Bertoli and Axel Lauer and Robert Pincus and Julien Savre and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.05963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05963},
}

@article{clark2025uncertainty,
  title = {Uncertainty assessment in satellite-based greenhouse gas emissions estimates using emulated atmospheric transport},
  author = {Jeffrey N. Clark and Elena Fillola and Nawid Keshtmand and Raul Santos-Rodriguez and Matthew Rigby},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.05751},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05751},
}

@article{kapoor2025qdeepgr4j,
  title = {QDeepGR4J: Quantile-based ensemble of deep learning and GR4J hybrid rainfall-runoff models for extreme flow prediction with uncertainty quantification},
  author = {Arpit Kapoor and Rohitash Chandra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.05453},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05453},
}

@article{yang2025danra,
  title = {DANRA: The Kilometer-Scale Danish Regional Atmospheric Reanalysis},
  author = {Xiaohua Yang and Carlos Peralta and Bjarne Amstrup and Kasper Stener Hintz and Søren Borg Thorsen and Leif Denby and Simon Kamuk Christiansen and Hauke Schulz and Sebastian Pelt and Mathias Schreiner},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.04681},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04681},
}

@article{baxter2025benchmarking,
  title = {Benchmarking atmospheric circulation variability in an AI emulator, ACE2, and a hybrid model, NeuralGCM},
  author = {Ian Baxter and Hamid Pahlavan and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Katharine Rucker and Tiffany Shaw},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.04466},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04466},
}

@article{bouabid2025scorebased,
  title = {Score-based generative emulation of impact-relevant Earth system model outputs},
  author = {Shahine Bouabid and Andre Nogueira Souza and Raffaele Ferrari},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.04358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04358},
}

@article{varambally2025zephyrus,
  title = {Zephyrus: An Agentic Framework for Weather Science},
  author = {Sumanth Varambally and Marshall Fisher and Jas Thakker and Yiwei Chen and Zhirui Xia and Yasaman Jafari and Ruijia Niu and Manas Jain and Veeramakali Vignesh Manivannan and Zachary Novack and Luyu Han and Srikar Eranky and Salva Rühling Cachay and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick and Duncan Watson-Parris and Yi-An Ma and Rose Yu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.04017},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04017},
}

@article{fan2025incorporating,
  title = {Incorporating Multivariate Consistency in ML-Based Weather Forecasting with Latent-space Constraints},
  author = {Hang Fan and Yi Xiao and Yongquan Qu and Fenghua Ling and Ben Fei and Lei Bai and Pierre Gentine},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.04006},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04006},
}

@article{yao2025deep,
  title = {Deep learning the sources of MJO predictability: a spectral view of learned features},
  author = {Lin Yao and Da Yang and James P. C. Duncan and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Wahid Bhimji and Bin Yu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.03582},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03582},
}

@article{ma2025diffusionbased,
  title = {Diffusion-Based, Data-Assimilation-Enabled Super-Resolution of Hub-height Winds},
  author = {Xiaolong Ma and Xu Dong and Ashley Tarrant and Lei Yang and Rao Kotamarthi and Jiali Wang and Feng Yan and Rajkumar Kettimuthu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.03364},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03364},
}

@article{zheng2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning Workflows in Climate Modeling: Design Patterns and Insights from Case Studies},
  author = {Tian Zheng and Subashree Venkatasubramanian and Shuolin Li and Amy Braverman and Xinyi Ke and Zhewen Hou and Peter Jin and Samarth Sanjay Agrawal},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.03305},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03305},
}

@article{buhler2025multifaceted,
  title = {Multi-faceted light pollution modelling and its application to the decline of artificial illuminance in France},
  author = {Rolf Buhler and Philippe Deverchère and Christophe Plotard and Sébastien Vauclair},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02977},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02977},
}

@article{moustakas2025land,
  title = {The land use-climate change-biodiversity nexus in European islands stakeholders},
  author = {Aristides Moustakas and Irene Christoforidi and George Zittis and Nazli Demirel and Mauro Fois and Savvas Zotos and Eirini Gallou and Valentini Stamatiadou and Elli Tzirkalli and Christos Zoumides and Kristina Košić and Aikaterini Christopoulou and Aleksandra Dragin and Damian Łowicki and Artur Gil and Bruna Almeida and Panos Chrysos and Mario V. Balzan and Mark D. C. Mansoldo and Rannveig Ólafsdóttir and Cigdem Kaptan Ayhan and Lutfi Atay and Mirela Tase and Vladimir Stojanović and Maja Mijatov Ladičorbić and Juan Pedro Díaz and Francisco Javier Expósito and Sonia Quiroga and Miguel Ángel Casquet Cano and Haoran Wang and Cristina Suárez and Paraskevi Manolaki and Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02829},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02829},
}

@article{wang2025conuswide,
  title = {Towards CONUS-Wide ML-Augmented Conceptually-Interpretable Modeling of Catchment-Scale Precipitation-Storage-Runoff Dynamics},
  author = {Yuan-Heng Wang and Yang Yang and Fabio Ciulla and Hoshin V. Gupta and Charuleka Varadharajan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02605},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02605},
}

@article{zhang2025equilibrium,
  title = {The Equilibrium Response of Atmospheric Machine-Learning Models to Uniform Sea Surface Temperature Warming},
  author = {Bosong Zhang and Timothy M. Merlis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02415},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02415},
}

@article{chen2025rainseer,
  title = {RainSeer: Fine-Grained Rainfall Reconstruction via Physics-Guided Modeling},
  author = {Lin Chen and Jun Chen and Minghui Qiu and Shuxin Zhong and Binghong Chen and Kaishun Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02414},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02414},
}

@article{s2025multidata,
  title = {Multidata Causal Discovery for Statistical Hurricane Intensity Forecasting},
  author = {Saranya Ganesh S and Frederick Iat-Hin Tam and Milton S. Gomez and Marie McGraw and Mark DeMaria and Kate Musgrave and Jakob Runge and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.02050},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02050},
}

@article{kurki2025probability,
  title = {Probability calibration for precipitation nowcasting},
  author = {Lauri Kurki and Yaniel Cabrera and Samu Karanko},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.00594},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00594},
}

@article{zhou2025joint,
  title = {On the joint observability of flow fields and particle properties from Lagrangian trajectories: evidence from neural data assimilation},
  author = {Ke Zhou and Samuel J. Grauer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.00479},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00479},
}

@article{cheng2025generative,
  title = {Generative AI for subgrid turbulence in large-eddy simulations},
  author = {Yu Cheng and Tianle Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.00383},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00383},
}

@article{schillinger2025enscale,
  title = {EnScale: Temporally-consistent multivariate generative downscaling via proper scoring rules},
  author = {Maybritt Schillinger and Maxim Samarin and Xinwei Shen and Reto Knutti and Nicolai Meinshausen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.26258},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26258},
}

@article{stock2025swift,
  title = {Swift: An Autoregressive Consistency Model for Efficient Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Jason Stock and Troy Arcomano and Rao Kotamarthi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.25631},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25631},
}

@article{wogan2025opensource,
  title = {The Open-Source Photochem Code: A General Chemical and Climate Model for Interpreting (Exo)Planet Observations},
  author = {Nicholas F. Wogan and Natasha E. Batalha and Kevin Zahnle and Joshua Krissansen-Totton and David C. Catling and Eric T. Wolf and Tyler D. Robinson and Victoria Meadows and Giada Arney and Shawn Domagal-Goldman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.25578},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25578},
}

@article{bodnar2025weather,
  title = {A Weather Foundation Model for the Power Grid},
  author = {Cristian Bodnar and Raphaël Rousseau-Rizzi and Nikhil Shankar and James Merleau and Stylianos Flampouris and Guillem Candille and Slavica Antic and François Miralles and Jayesh K. Gupta},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.25268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25268},
}

@article{chen2025stcast,
  title = {STCast: Adaptive Boundary Alignment for Global and Regional Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Hao Chen and Tao Han and Jie Zhang and Song Guo and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.25210},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25210},
}

@article{huang2025dpsformer,
  title = {DPSformer: A long-tail-aware model for improving heavy rainfall prediction},
  author = {Zenghui Huang and Ting Shu and Zhonglei Wang and Yang Lu and Yan Yan and Wei Zhong and Hanzi Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.25208},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25208},
}

@article{lo2025evaluation,
  title = {Evaluation of Machine and Deep Learning Techniques for Cyclone Trajectory Regression and Status Classification by Time Series Data},
  author = {Ethan Zachary Lo and Dan Chie-Tien Lo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.24146},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24146},
}

@article{moazzami2025metalearning,
  title = {Meta-Learning Fourier Neural Operators for Hessian Inversion and Enhanced Variational Data Assimilation},
  author = {Hamidreza Moazzami and Asma Jamali and Nicholas Kevlahan and Rodrigo A. Vargas-Hernández},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.22949},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22949},
}

@article{landsberg2025forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting the Future with Yesterday's Climate: Temperature Bias in AI Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Jacob B. Landsberg and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.22359},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22359},
}

@article{cao2025taskadaptive,
  title = {Task-Adaptive Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Weather Foundation Models},
  author = {Shilei Cao and Hehai Lin and Jiashun Cheng and Yang Liu and Guowen Li and Xuehe Wang and Juepeng Zheng and Haoyuan Liang and Meng Jin and Chengwei Qin and Hong Cheng and Haohuan Fu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.22020},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22020},
}

@article{lewis2025generative,
  title = {Generative AI-Downscaling of Large Ensembles Project Unprecedented Future Droughts},
  author = {Hamish Lewis and Neelesh Rampal and Peter B. Gibson and Luke J. Harrington and Chiara M. Holgate and Anna Ukkola and Nicola M. Maher},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.21844},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21844},
}

@article{jaber2025autoclimds,
  title = {AutoClimDS: Climate Data Science Agentic AI -- A Knowledge Graph is All You Need},
  author = {Ahmed Jaber and Wangshu Zhu and Ayon Roy and Karthick Jayavelu and Justin Downes and Sameer Mohamed and Candace Agonafir and Linnia Hawkins and Tian Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.21553},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21553},
}

@article{qu2025accurate,
  title = {Accurate typhoon intensity forecasts using a non-iterative spatiotemporal transformer model},
  author = {Hongyu Qu and Hongxiong Xu and Lin Dong and Chunyi Xiang and Gaozhen Nie},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.21349},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21349},
}

@article{wang2025downscale,
  title = {Down-scale marine hydrodynamic analysis at the Norwegian coast -- the NORA-SARAH open framework},
  author = {Widar Weizhi Wang and Konstantinos Christakos and Csaba Pakozdi and Hans Bihs},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.21329},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21329},
}

@article{kim2025assessment,
  title = {Assessment of deep learning models integrated with weather and environmental variables for wildfire spread prediction and a case study of the 2023 Maui fires},
  author = {Jiyeon Kim and Yingjie Hu and Negar Elhami-Khorasani and Kai Sun and Ryan Zhenqi Zhou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.21327},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21327},
}

@article{zheng2025mesh,
  title = {Mesh Interpolation Graph Network for Dynamic and Spatially Irregular Global Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Zinan Zheng and Yang Liu and Jia Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.20911},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20911},
}

@article{ma2025mloz,
  title = {mloz: A Highly Efficient Machine Learning-Based Ozone Parameterization for Climate Sensitivity Simulations},
  author = {Yiling Ma and Nathan Luke Abraham and Stefan Versick and Roland Ruhnke and Andrea Schneidereit and Ulrike Niemeier and Felix Back and Peter Braesicke and Peer Nowack},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.20422},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20422},
}

@article{jakhar2025analytical,
  title = {An Analytical and AI-discovered Stable, Accurate, and Generalizable Subgrid-scale Closure for Geophysical Turbulence},
  author = {Karan Jakhar and Yifei Guan and Pedram Hassanzadeh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.20365},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20365},
}

@article{dsouza2025borearl,
  title = {BoreaRL: A Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning Environment for Climate-Adaptive Boreal Forest Management},
  author = {Kevin Bradley Dsouza and Enoch Ofosu and Daniel Chukwuemeka Amaogu and Jérôme Pigeon and Richard Boudreault and Pooneh Maghoul and Juan Moreno-Cruz and Yuri Leonenko},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.19846},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19846},
}

@article{chen2025s2transformer,
  title = {S$^2$Transformer: Scalable Structured Transformers for Global Station Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Hongyi Chen and Xiucheng Li and Xinyang Chen and Yun Cheng and Jing Li and Kehai Chen and Liqiang Nie},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.19648},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19648},
}

@article{holmberg2025graphbased,
  title = {Graph-based Neural Space Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Daniel Holmberg and Ivan Zaitsev and Markku Alho and Ioanna Bouri and Fanni Franssila and Haewon Jeong and Minna Palmroth and Teemu Roos},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.19605},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19605},
}

@article{shi2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-Driven Reconstruction of Significant Wave Heights from Sparse Observations},
  author = {Hongyuan Shi and Yilin Zhai and Ping Dong and Zaijin You and Chao Zhan and Qing Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.19384},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19384},
}

@article{markowitz2025discovering,
  title = {Discovering strategies for coastal resilience with AI-based prediction and optimization},
  author = {Jared Markowitz and Alexander New and Jennifer Sleeman and Chace Ashcraft and Jay Brett and Gary Collins and Stella In and Nathaniel Winstead},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.19263},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19263},
}

@article{moldovan2025update,
  title = {An update to ECMWF's machine-learned weather forecast model AIFS},
  author = {Gabriel Moldovan and Ewan Pinnington and Ana Prieto Nemesio and Simon Lang and Zied Ben Bouallègue and Jesper Dramsch and Mihai Alexe and Mario Santa Cruz and Sara Hahner and Harrison Cook and Helen Theissen and Mariana Clare and Cathal O'Brien and Jan Polster and Linus Magnusson and Gert Mertes and Florian Pinault and Baudouin Raoult and Patricia de Rosnay and Richard Forbes and Matthew Chantry},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.18994},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18994},
}

@article{savary2025trainingfree,
  title = {Training-Free Data Assimilation with GenCast},
  author = {Thomas Savary and François Rozet and Gilles Louppe},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.18811},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18811},
}

@article{zheng2025climateadaptive,
  title = {Climate-Adaptive and Cascade-Constrained Machine Learning Prediction for Sea Surface Height under Greenhouse Warming},
  author = {Tianmu Zheng and Ru Chen and Xin Su and Julian Mak and Gang Huang and Bingzheng Yan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.18741},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18741},
}

@article{daub2025technical,
  title = {Technical overview and architecture of the FastNet Machine Learning weather prediction model, version 1.0},
  author = {Eric G. Daub and Tom Dunstan and Thusal Bennett and Matthew Burnand and James Chappell and Alejandro Coca-Castro and Noushin Eftekhari and J. Scott Hosking and Manvendra Janmaijaya and Jon Lillis and David Salvador-Jasin and Nathan Simpson and Oliver T Strickson and Ryan Sze-Yin Chan and Mohamad Elmasri and Lydia Allegranza France and Sam Madge and Aled Owen and James Robinson and Adam A. Scaife and David Walters and Peter Yatsyshin and Theo McCaie and Levan Bokeria and Hannah Brown and Tom Dodds and David Llewellyn-Jones and Sophia Moreton and Tom Potter and Iain Stenson and Louisa van Zeeland and Karina Bett-Williams and Kirstine Ida Dale},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.17658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17658},
}

@article{kolic2025comparing,
  title = {Comparing Data Assimilation and Likelihood-Based Inference on Latent State Estimation in Agent-Based Models},
  author = {Blas Kolic and Corrado Monti and Gianmarco De Francisci Morales and Marco Pangallo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.17625},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17625},
}

@article{dunstan2025fastnet,
  title = {FastNet: Improving the physical consistency of machine-learning weather prediction models through loss function design},
  author = {Tom Dunstan and Oliver Strickson and Thusal Bennett and Jack Bowyer and Matthew Burnand and James Chappell and Alejandro Coca-Castro and Kirstine Ida Dale and Eric G. Daub and Noushin Eftekhari and Manvendra Janmaijaya and Jon Lillis and David Salvador-Jasin and Nathan Simpson and Ryan Sze-Yin Chan and Mohamad Elmasri and Lydia Allegranza France and Sam Madge and Levan Bokeria and Hannah Brown and Tom Dodds and Anna-Louise Ellis and David Llewellyn-Jones and Theo McCaie and Sophia Moreton and Tom Potter and James Robinson and Adam A. Scaife and Iain Stenson and David Walters and Karina Bett-Williams and Louisa van Zeeland and Peter Yatsyshin and J. Scott Hosking},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.17601},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17601},
}

@article{wisniewski2025disrespect,
  title = {Disrespect Others, Respect the Climate? Applying Social Dynamics with Inequality to Forest Climate Models},
  author = {Luke Wisniewski and Thomas Zdyrski and Feng Fu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.17252},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17252},
}

@article{niu2025datadriven,
  title = {A data-driven global ocean forecasting model with sub-daily and eddy-resolving resolution},
  author = {Yuan Niu and Qiusheng Huang and Xiaohui Zhong and Anboyu Guo and Lei Chen and Xiaoyan Jia and Jiawei Qi and Dianjun Zhang and Hao Li and Xuefeng Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.17015},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17015},
}

@article{zhan2025satellitederived,
  title = {Satellite-derived Land Surface Temperatures Strongly Mischaracterise Urban Heat Hazard},
  author = {Wenfeng Zhan and Benjamin Bechtel and Huilin Du and TC Chakraborty and Simone Kotthaus and E. Scott Krayenhoff and Alberto Martilli and Marzie Naserikia and Negin Nazarian and Matthias Roth and Panagiotis Sismanidis and Iain D. Stewart and James Voogt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.16568},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16568},
}

@article{clyne2025archesclimate,
  title = {ArchesClimate: Probabilistic Decadal Ensemble Generation With Flow Matching},
  author = {Graham Clyne and Guillaume Couairon and Guillaume Gastineau and Claire Monteleoni and Anastase Charantonis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.15942},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15942},
}

@article{yang2025sgmagnet,
  title = {SGMAGNet: A Baseline Model for 3D Cloud Phase Structure Reconstruction on a New Passive Active Satellite Benchmark},
  author = {Chi Yang and Fu Wang and Xiaofei Yang and Hao Huang and Weijia Cao and Xiaowen Chu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.15706},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15706},
}

@article{he2025flowcastode,
  title = {FlowCast-ODE: Continuous Hourly Weather Forecasting with Dynamic Flow Matching and ODE Integration},
  author = {Shuangshuang He and Yuanting Zhang and Hongli Liang and Qingye Meng and Xingyuan Yuan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.14775},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14775},
}

@article{yun2025lagrangianeulerian,
  title = {Lagrangian-Eulerian Multiscale Data Assimilation in Physical Domain based on Conditional Gaussian Nonlinear System},
  author = {Hyeonggeun Yun and Quanling Deng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.14586},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14586},
}

@article{nayak2025attentionbased,
  title = {An Attention-Based Stochastic Simulator for Multisite Extremes to Evaluate Nonstationary, Cascading Flood Risk},
  author = {Adam Nayak and Pierre Gentine and Upmanu Lall},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.14162},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14162},
}

@article{minuzzi2025artificial,
  title = {Artificial neural networks ensemble methodology to predict significant wave height},
  author = {Felipe Crivellaro Minuzzi and Leandro Farina},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.14020},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14020},
}

@article{nag2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatio-temporal DeepKriging in PyTorch: A Supplementary Application to Precipitation Data for Interpolation and Probabilistic Forecasting},
  author = {Pratik Nag},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.12708},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12708},
}

@article{duncan2025samudrace,
  title = {SamudrACE: Fast and Accurate Coupled Climate Modeling with 3D Ocean and Atmosphere Emulators},
  author = {James P. C. Duncan and Elynn Wu and Surya Dheeshjith and Adam Subel and Troy Arcomano and Spencer K. Clark and Brian Henn and Anna Kwa and Jeremy McGibbon and W. Andre Perkins and William Gregory and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Julius Busecke and Oliver Watt-Meyer and William J. Hurlin and Alistair Adcroft and Laure Zanna and Christopher Bretherton},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.12490},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12490},
}

@article{navarro2025do,
  title = {Do machine learning climate models work in changing climate dynamics?},
  author = {Maria Conchita Agana Navarro and Geng Li and Theo Wolf and María Pérez-Ortiz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.12147},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12147},
}

@article{saikia2025waveletsarimatransformer,
  title = {Wavelet-SARIMA-Transformer: A Hybrid Model for Rainfall Forecasting},
  author = {Junmoni Saikia and Kuldeep Goswami and Sarat C. Kakaty},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.11903},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11903},
}

@article{seppalainen2025fast,
  title = {Fast and Interpretable Machine Learning Modelling of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters},
  author = {Lauri Seppäläinen and Jakub Kubečka and Jonas Elm and Kai Puolamäki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.11728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11728},
}

@article{jiang2025knowledgeguided,
  title = {Knowledge-Guided Adaptive Mixture of Experts for Precipitation Prediction},
  author = {Chen Jiang and Kofi Osei and Sai Deepthi Yeddula and Dongji Feng and Wei-Shinn Ku},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.11459},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11459},
}

@article{valencia2025dataefficient,
  title = {Data-Efficient Ensemble Weather Forecasting with Diffusion Models},
  author = {Kevin Valencia and Ziyang Liu and Justin Cui},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.11047},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11047},
}

@article{baiman2025how,
  title = {How does an AI Weather Model Learn to Forecast Extreme Weather?},
  author = {Rebecca Baiman and Elizabeth A. Barnes and Ankur Mahesh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.10639},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10639},
}

@article{gao2025noise,
  title = {From Noise to Precision: A Diffusion-Driven Approach to Zero-Inflated Precipitation Prediction},
  author = {Wentao Gao and Jiuyong Li and Lin Liu and Thuc Duy Le and Xiongren Chen and Xiaojing Du and Jixue Liu and Yanchang Zhao and Yun Chen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.10501},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10501},
}

@article{navarra2025deepseasons,
  title = {DeepSeasons: a Deep Learning scale-selecting approach to Seasonal Forecasts},
  author = {A. Navarra and G. G. Navarra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.10494},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10494},
}

@article{jones2025deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Model of Lightning Stroke Density},
  author = {Randall Jones and Joel A. Thornton and Chris J. Wright and Robert Holzworth},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.10399},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10399},
}

@article{mirfakhar2025hybrid,
  title = {A Hybrid Analytical Framework for Asymmetric Pressure and Boundary Layer Wind Simulation in Nor'easters},
  author = {Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirfakhar and Reda Snaiki and Frank Lombardo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.09556},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09556},
}

@article{abdollahinejad2025aquacast,
  title = {AquaCast: Urban Water Dynamics Forecasting with Precipitation-Informed Multi-Input Transformer},
  author = {Golnoosh Abdollahinejad and Saleh Baghersalimi and Denisa-Andreea Constantinescu and Sergey Shevchik and David Atienza},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.09458},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09458},
}

@article{chakraborty2025mowe,
  title = {MoWE : A Mixture of Weather Experts},
  author = {Dibyajyoti Chakraborty and Romit Maulik and Peter Harrington and Dallas Foster and Mohammad Amin Nabian and Sanjay Choudhry},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.09052},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09052},
}

@article{pfreundschuh2025benchmark,
  title = {A Benchmark Dataset for Satellite-Based Estimation and Detection of Rain},
  author = {Simon Pfreundschuh and Malarvizhi Arulraj and Ali Behrangi and Linda Bogerd and Alan James Peixoto Calheiros and Daniele Casella and Neda Dolatabadi and Clement Guilloteau and Jie Gong and Christian D. Kummerow and Pierre Kirstetter and Gyuwon Lee and Maximilian Maahn and Lisa Milani and Giulia Panegrossi and Rayana Palharini and Veljko Petković and Soorok Ryu and Paolo Sanò and Jackson Tan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.08816},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08816},
}

@article{yu2025machine,
  title = {Using machine learning to downscale coarse-resolution environmental variables for understanding the spatial frequency of convective storms},
  author = {Hungjui Yu and Lander Ver Hoef and Kristen L. Rasmussen and Imme Ebert-Uphoff},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.08802},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08802},
}

@article{hunt2025stop,
  title = {Stop using root-mean-square error as a precipitation target!},
  author = {Kieran M. R. Hunt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.08369},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08369},
}

@article{pangtey2025two,
  title = {Two Stage Context Learning with Large Language Models for Multimodal Stance Detection on Climate Change},
  author = {Lata Pangtey and Omkar Kabde and Shahid Shafi Dar and Nagendra Kumar},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.08024},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08024},
}

@article{ko2025understanding,
  title = {Understanding Ice Crystal Habit Diversity with Self-Supervised Learning},
  author = {Joseph Ko and Hariprasath Govindarajan and Fredrik Lindsten and Vanessa Przybylo and Kara Sulia and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Kara Lamb},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.07688},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07688},
}

@article{antonio2025seasonal,
  title = {Seasonal forecasting using the GenCast probabilistic machine learning model},
  author = {Bobby Antonio and Kristian Strommen and Hannah M. Christensen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.06457},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06457},
}

@article{ganji2025distillation,
  title = {Distillation of CNN Ensemble Results for Enhanced Long-Term Prediction of the ENSO Phenomenon},
  author = {Saghar Ganji and Mohammad Naisipour and Alireza Hassani and Arash Adib},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.06227},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06227},
}

@article{yu2025detecting,
  title = {Detecting extreme event-driven causality},
  author = {Siyang Yu and Yu Huang and Zuntao Fu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.05043},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05043},
}

@article{xie2025mechanismcoupled,
  title = {A Mechanism-Coupled Split Window Network for Medium- to High-Resolution Land Surface Temperature Retrieval},
  author = {Tian Xie and Menghui Jiang and Chao Zeng and Huifang Li and Guanhao Zhang and Chan Li and Huanfeng Shen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.04991},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04991},
}

@article{gupta2025finetuning,
  title = {Finetuning AI Foundation Models to Develop Subgrid-Scale Parameterizations: A Case Study on Atmospheric Gravity Waves},
  author = {Aman Gupta and Aditi Sheshadri and Sujit Roy and Johannes Schmude and Vishal Gaur and Wei Ji Leong and Manil Maskey and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.03816},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03816},
}

@article{lakatos2025compositeloss,
  title = {A Composite-Loss Graph Neural Network for the Multivariate Post-Processing of Ensemble Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Mária Lakatos},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.02784},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02784},
}

@article{guan2025lucie3d,
  title = {LUCIE-3D: A three-dimensional climate emulator for forced responses},
  author = {Haiwen Guan and Troy Arcomano and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Romit Maulik},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.02061},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02061},
}

@article{gupta2025mausam,
  title = {MAUSAM: An Observations-focused assessment of Global AI Weather Prediction Models During the South Asian Monsoon},
  author = {Aman Gupta and Aditi Sheshadri and Dhruv Suri},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01879},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01879},
}

@article{spadon2025communitycentered,
  title = {Community-Centered Spatial Intelligence for Climate Adaptation at Nova Scotia's Eastern Shore},
  author = {Gabriel Spadon and Oladapo Oyebode and Camilo M. Botero and Tushar Sharma and Floris Goerlandt and Ronald Pelot},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01845},
}

@article{silva2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Quantum Machine Learning for Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Maria Heloísa F. da Silva and Gleydson F. de Jesus and Christiano M. S. Nascimento and Valéria L. da Silva and Clebson Cruz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01422},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01422},
}

@article{choi2025advanced,
  title = {Advanced Torrential Loss Function for Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Jaeho Choi and Hyeri Kim and Kwang-Ho Kim and Jaesung Lee},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01348},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01348},
}

@article{hu2025imputing,
  title = {Imputing Missing Long-Term Spatiotemporal Multivariate Atmospheric Data with CNN-Transformer Machine Learning},
  author = {Jiahui Hu and Wenjun Dong and Alan Z. Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01141},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01141},
}

@article{nguyen2025indiaweatherbench,
  title = {IndiaWeatherBench: A Dataset and Benchmark for Data-Driven Regional Weather Forecasting over India},
  author = {Tung Nguyen and Harkanwar Singh and Nilay Naharas and Lucas Bandarkar and Aditya Grover},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00653},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00653},
}

@article{acciarini2025forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting the Ionosphere from Sparse GNSS Data with Temporal-Fusion Transformers},
  author = {Giacomo Acciarini and Simone Mestici and Halil Kelebek and Linnea Wolniewicz and Michael Vergalla and Madhulika Guhathakurta and Umaa Rebbapragada and Bala Poduval and Atılım Güneş Baydin and Frank Soboczenski},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00631},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00631},
}

@article{fridlind2025climate,
  title = {Towards a Climate OSSE Framework for Satellite Mission Design},
  author = {Ann M. Fridlind and Gregory S. Elsaesser and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Grégory V. Cesana and Elizabeth Weatherhead and George Tselioudis and Gavin Schmidt and Donifan Barahona and Brian Cairns and William D. Collins and David Considine and Lidia Cucurull and Larry DiGirolamo and Amber Emory and Otto Hasekamp and Shan He and Ryan Kramer and Matthew Lebsock and Tsengdar Lee and Stephen Leroy and Wuyin Lin and Steven Lugauer and Daniel Miller and Johannes Mülmenstädt and Lazaros Oreopoulos and Derek J. Posselt and Mark D. Zelinkas},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00211},
}

@article{miralles2025observationguided,
  title = {Observation-guided Interpolation Using Graph Neural Networks for High-Resolution Nowcasting in Switzerland},
  author = {Ophélia Miralles and Daniele Nerini and Jonas Bhend and Baudouin Raoult and Christoph Spirig},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00017},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00017},
}

@article{epicoco2025medformer,
  title = {MedFormer: a data-driven model for forecasting the Mediterranean Sea},
  author = {Italo Epicoco and Davide Donno and Gabriele Accarino and Simone Norberti and Alessandro Grandi and Michele Giurato and Ronan McAdam and Donatello Elia and Emanuela Clementi and Paola Nassisi and Enrico Scoccimarro and Giovanni Coppini and Silvio Gualdi and Giovanni Aloisio and Simona Masina and Giulio Boccaletti and Antonio Navarra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00015},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00015},
}

@article{liu2025cera,
  title = {CERA: A Framework for Improved Generalization of Machine Learning Models to Changed Climates},
  author = {Shuchang Liu and Paul A. O'Gorman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00010},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00010},
}

@article{liang2025difftopo,
  title = {DiffTopo: Solver in the Loop for Inverse Topography via Condition Diffusion Generation},
  author = {Aoming Liang and Qi Liu and Weicheng Cui},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.00007},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00007},
}

@article{khan2025harnessing,
  title = {Harnessing IoT and Generative AI for Weather-Adaptive Learning in Climate Resilience Education},
  author = {Imran S. A. Khan and Emmanuel G. Blanchard and Sébastien George},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.21666},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21666},
}

@article{ni2025huracan,
  title = {Huracan: A skillful end-to-end data-driven system for ensemble data assimilation and weather prediction},
  author = {Zekun Ni and Jonathan Weyn and Hang Zhang and Yanfei Xiang and Jiang Bian and Weixin Jin and Kit Thambiratnam and Qi Zhang and Haiyu Dong and Hongyu Sun},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.18486},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18486},
}

@article{lean2025learning,
  title = {Learning from nature: insights into GraphDOP's representations of the Earth System},
  author = {Peter Lean and Mihai Alexe and Eulalie Boucher and Ewan Pinnington and Simon Lang and Patrick Laloyaux and Niels Bormann and Anthony McNally},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.18018},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18018},
}

@article{gomez2025global,
  title = {Global Forecasting of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Using Neural Weather Models},
  author = {Milton Gomez and Louis Poulain--Auzeau and Alexis Berne and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.17903},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17903},
}

@article{ravi2025citizen,
  title = {Citizen Centered Climate Intelligence: Operationalizing Open Tree Data for Urban Cooling and Eco-Routing in Indian Cities},
  author = {Kaushik Ravi and Andreas Brück},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.17648},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17648},
}

@article{niu2025intelligent,
  title = {Intelligent Shanghai Typhoon Model (ISTM): A generative probabilistic emulator for typhoon hybrid modeling},
  author = {Zeyi Niu and Wei Huang and Sirong Huang and Bo Qin and Mengqi Yang and Haofei Sun and Zhaoyang Huo and Haixia Xiao},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.16851},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16851},
}

@article{sun2025ensembles,
  title = {Ensembles of Neural Surrogates for Parametric Sensitivity in Ocean Modeling},
  author = {Yixuan Sun and Romain Egele and Sri Hari Krishna Narayanan and Luke Van Roekel and Carmelo Gonzales and Steven Brus and Balu Nadiga and Sandeep Madireddy and Prasanna Balaprakash},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.16489},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16489},
}

@article{tie2025generative,
  title = {Generative artificial intelligence improves projections of climate extremes},
  author = {Ruian Tie and Xiaohui Zhong and Zhengyu Shi and Hao Li and Bin Chen and Jun Liu and Wu Libo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.16396},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16396},
}

@article{guo2025fuxitc,
  title = {FuXi-TC: A generative framework integrating deep learning and physics-based models for improved tropical cyclone forecasts},
  author = {Shan Guo and Lei Chen and Yangyang Zhao and Yuetan Lin and Zeyi Niu and Xinyan Zhang and Ziyao Sun and Xiaohui Zhong and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.16168},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16168},
}

@article{cao2025enhanced,
  title = {Enhanced predictions of the Madden-Julian oscillation using the FuXi-S2S machine learning model: Insights into physical mechanisms},
  author = {Can Cao and Xiaohui Zhong and Lei Chen and Zhiwei Wua and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.16041},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16041},
}

@article{zhang2025numerical,
  title = {Numerical models outperform AI weather forecasts of record-breaking extremes},
  author = {Zhongwei Zhang and Erich Fischer and Jakob Zscheischler and Sebastian Engelke},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.15724},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15724},
}

@article{wang2025gen2,
  title = {GEN2: A Generative Prediction-Correction Framework for Long-time Emulations of Spatially-Resolved Climate Extremes},
  author = {Mengze Wang and Benedikt Barthel Sorensen and Themistoklis Sapsis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.15196},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15196},
}

@article{finn2025generative,
  title = {Generative AI models capture realistic sea-ice evolution from days to decades},
  author = {Tobias Sebastian Finn and Marc Bocquet and Pierre Rampal and Charlotte Durand and Flavia Porro and Alban Farchi and Alberto Carrassi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.14984},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14984},
}

@article{naskar2025cumolosmae,
  title = {CuMoLoS-MAE: A Masked Autoencoder for Remote Sensing Data Reconstruction},
  author = {Anurup Naskar and Nathanael Zhixin Wong and Sara Shamekh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.14957},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14957},
}

@article{nath2025fedrainlite,
  title = {FedRAIN-Lite: Federated Reinforcement Algorithms for Improving Idealised Numerical Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Pritthijit Nath and Sebastian Schemm and Henry Moss and Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh and Mark Webb},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.14315},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14315},
}

@article{roy2025suryabench,
  title = {SuryaBench: Benchmark Dataset for Advancing Machine Learning in Heliophysics and Space Weather Prediction},
  author = {Sujit Roy and Dinesha V. Hegde and Johannes Schmude and Amy Lin and Vishal Gaur and Rohit Lal and Kshitiz Mandal and Talwinder Singh and Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo and Kang Yang and Chetraj Pandey and Jinsu Hong and Berkay Aydin and Ryan McGranaghan and Spiridon Kasapis and Vishal Upendran and Shah Bahauddin and Daniel da Silva and Marcus Freitag and Iksha Gurung and Nikolai Pogorelov and Campbell Watson and Manil Maskey and Juan Bernabe-Moreno and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.14107},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14107},
}

@article{he2025radarqa,
  title = {RadarQA: Multi-modal Quality Analysis of Weather Radar Forecasts},
  author = {Xuming He and Zhiyuan You and Junchao Gong and Couhua Liu and Xiaoyu Yue and Peiqin Zhuang and Wenlong Zhang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.12291},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12291},
}

@article{lee2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Multimodal AI Reasoning for Meteorological Forecasting from Skew-T Diagrams},
  author = {ChangJae Lee and Heecheol Yang and Jonghak Choi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.12198},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12198},
}

@article{liu2025rmfat,
  title = {RMFAT: Recurrent Multi-scale Feature Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigator},
  author = {Zhiming Liu and Nantheera Anantrasirichai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.11409},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.11409},
}

@article{kim2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven global ocean model resolving ocean-atmosphere coupling dynamics},
  author = {Jeong-Hwan Kim and Daehyun Kang and Young-Min Yang and Jae-Heung Park and Yoo-Geun Ham},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.10908},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10908},
}

@article{skakala2025estimating,
  title = {Estimating carbon pools in the European Shelf sea environment: replacing reanalysis by model-informed machine learning?},
  author = {Jozef Skakala},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.10178},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10178},
}

@article{zugarini2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for Cloud Detection in IASI Measurements: A Data-Driven SVM Approach with Physical Constraints},
  author = {Chiara Zugarini and Cristina Sgattoni and Luca Sgheri},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.10120},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10120},
}

@article{umar2025decentralized,
  title = {Decentralized Weather Forecasting via Distributed Machine Learning and Blockchain-Based Model Validation},
  author = {Rilwan Umar and Aydin Abadi and Basil Aldali and Benito Vincent and Elliot A. J. Hurley and Hotoon Aljazaeri and Jamie Hedley-Cook and Jamie-Lee Bell and Lambert Uwuigbusun and Mujeeb Ahmed and Shishir Nagaraja and Suleiman Sabo and Weaam Alrbeiqi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.09299},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.09299},
}

@article{hall2025knowledgeguided,
  title = {Knowledge-guided machine learning for disentangling Pacific sea surface temperature variability across timescales},
  author = {Kyle J. C. Hall and Maria J. Molina and Emily F. Wisinski and Gerald A. Meehl and Antonietta Capotondi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.08490},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08490},
}

@article{ahmed2025weatherdriven,
  title = {Weather-Driven Agricultural Decision-Making Using Digital Twins Under Imperfect Conditions},
  author = {Tamim Ahmed and Monowar Hasan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.08326},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08326},
}

@article{nagashima2025deep,
  title = {Deep Space Weather Model: Long-Range Solar Flare Prediction from Multi-Wavelength Images},
  author = {Shunya Nagashima and Komei Sugiura},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07847},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07847},
}

@article{jeon2025discovering,
  title = {Discovering Spatial Correlations of Earth Observations for weather forecasting by using Graph Structure Learning},
  author = {Hyeon-Ju Jeon and Jeon-Ho Kang and In-Hyuk Kwon and O-Joun Lee},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07659},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07659},
}

@article{chan2025historical,
  title = {A historical record of four black rainstorm episodes in Hong Kong, China in July to August 2025},
  author = {P. W. Chan and Y. T. Kwok},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07600},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07600},
}

@article{ganji2025leveraging,
  title = {Leveraging GNN to Enhance MEF Method in Predicting ENSO},
  author = {Saghar Ganji and Ahmad Reza Labibzadeh and Alireza Hassani and Mohammad Naisipour},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07410},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07410},
}

@article{furtado2025setting,
  title = {Setting the Standard: Recommended Practices for Data Preprocessing in Data-Driven Climate Prediction},
  author = {Jason C. Furtado and Maria J. Molina and Marybeth C. Arcodia and Weston Anderson and Tom Beucler and John A. Callahan and Laura M. Ciasto and Vittorio A. Gensini and Michelle L'Heureux and Kathleen Pegion and Jhayron S. Pérez-Carrasquilla and Maike Sonnewald and Ken Takahashi and Baoqiang Xiang and Brian G. Zimmerman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07062},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07062},
}

@article{tang2025meteorpred,
  title = {MeteorPred: A Meteorological Multimodal Large Model and Dataset for Severe Weather Event Prediction},
  author = {Shuo Tang and Jian Xu and Jiadong Zhang and Yi Chen and Qizhao Jin and Lingdong Shen and Chenglin Liu and Shiming Xiang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.06859},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06859},
}

@article{yo2025learning,
  title = {Learning Representations of Satellite Images with Evaluations on Synoptic Weather Events},
  author = {Ting-Shuo Yo and Shih-Hao Su and Chien-Ming Wu and Wei-Ting Chen and Jung-Lien Chu and Chiao-Wei Chang and Hung-Chi Kuo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.06122},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06122},
}

@article{lerch2025operational,
  title = {Operational convection-permitting COSMO/ICON ensemble predictions at observation sites (CIENS)},
  author = {Sebastian Lerch and Benedikt Schulz and Reinhold Hess and Annette Möller and Cristina Primo and Sebastian Trepte and Susanne Theis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.03845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03845},
}

@article{bai2025solarseer,
  title = {SolarSeer: Ultrafast and accurate 24-hour solar irradiance forecasts outperforming numerical weather prediction across the USA},
  author = {Mingliang Bai and Zuliang Fang and Shengyu Tao and Siqi Xiang and Jiang Bian and Yanfei Xiang and Pengcheng Zhao and Weixin Jin and Jonathan A. Weyn and Haiyu Dong and Bin Zhang and Hongyu Sun and Kit Thambiratnam and Qi Zhang and Hongbin Sun and Xuan Zhang and Qiuwei Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.03590},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03590},
}

@article{hasan2025vita,
  title = {VITA: Variational Pretraining of Transformers for Climate-Robust Crop Yield Forecasting},
  author = {Adib Hasan and Mardavij Roozbehani and Munther Dahleh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.03589},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03589},
}

@article{ni2025uniextreme,
  title = {UniExtreme: A Universal Foundation Model for Extreme Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Hang Ni and Weijia Zhang and Hao Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.01426},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.01426},
}

@article{qu2025pnpda,
  title = {PnP-DA: Towards Principled Plug-and-Play Integration of Variational Data Assimilation and Generative Models},
  author = {Yongquan Qu and Matthieu Blanke and Sara Shamekh and Pierre Gentine},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.00325},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.00325},
}

@article{bochow2025physicsconstrained,
  title = {Physics-constrained generative machine learning-based high-resolution downscaling of Greenland's surface mass balance and surface temperature},
  author = {Nils Bochow and Philipp Hess and Alexander Robinson},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.22485},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22485},
}

@article{kishikawa2025conditional,
  title = {Conditional Diffusion Models for Global Precipitation Map Inpainting},
  author = {Daiko Kishikawa and Yuka Muto and Shunji Kotsuki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.20478},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20478},
}

@article{ko2025machine,
  title = {A Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Microphysical Properties of Ice Crystals from Cloud Particle Imagery},
  author = {Joseph Ko and Jerry Harrington and Kara Sulia and Vanessa Przybylo and Marcus van Lier-Walqui and Kara Lamb},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.19759},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19759},
}

@article{inoue2025cnnbased,
  title = {CNN-based Surface Temperature Forecasts with Ensemble Numerical Weather Prediction},
  author = {Takuya Inoue and Takuya Kawabata},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.18937},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18937},
}

@article{beronvera2025discovering,
  title = {Discovering the dynamics of \emph{Sargassum} rafts' centers of mass},
  author = {Francisco J. Beron-Vera and Gage Bonner},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.18771},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18771},
}

@article{wijnands2025comparison,
  title = {A comparison of stretched-grid and limited-area modelling for data-driven regional weather forecasting},
  author = {Jasper S. Wijnands and Michiel Van Ginderachter and Bastien François and Sophie Buurman and Piet Termonia and Dieter Van den Bleeken},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.18378},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18378},
}

@article{elkabid2025multiscale,
  title = {Multiscale Neural PDE Surrogates for Prediction and Downscaling: Application to Ocean Currents},
  author = {Abdessamad El-Kabid and Loubna Benabbou and Redouane Lguensat and Alex Hernández-García},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.18067},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18067},
}

@article{shiraishi2025wasserstein,
  title = {Wasserstein GAN-Based Precipitation Downscaling with Optimal Transport for Enhancing Perceptual Realism},
  author = {Kenta Shiraishi and Yuka Muto and Atsushi Okazaki and Shunji Kotsuki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.17798},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17798},
}

@article{guo2025selfevolving,
  title = {A Self-Evolving AI Agent System for Climate Science},
  author = {Zijie Guo and Jiong Wang and Fenghua Ling and Wangxu Wei and Xiaoyu Yue and Zhe Jiang and Wanghan Xu and Jing-Jia Luo and Lijing Cheng and Yoo-Geun Ham and Fengfei Song and Pierre Gentine and Toshio Yamagata and Ben Fei and Wenlong Zhang and Xinyu Gu and Chao Li and Yaqiang Wang and Tao Chen and Wanli Ouyang and Bowen Zhou and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.17311},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17311},
}

@article{li2025met2net,
  title = {Met$^2$Net: A Decoupled Two-Stage Spatio-Temporal Forecasting Model for Complex Meteorological Systems},
  author = {Shaohan Li and Hao Yang and Min Chen and Xiaolin Qin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.17189},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17189},
}

@article{kikuchi2025weatheraware,
  title = {Weather-Aware AI Systems versus Route-Optimization AI: A Comprehensive Analysis of AI Applications in Transportation Productivity},
  author = {Tatsuru Kikuchi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.17099},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.17099},
}

@article{fan2025bayesian,
  title = {Bayesian Deep Learning for Convective Initiation Nowcasting Uncertainty Estimation},
  author = {Da Fan and David John Gagne and Steven J. Greybush and Eugene E. Clothiaux and John S. Schreck and Chaopeng Shen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.16219},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16219},
}

@article{kar2025linear,
  title = {Linear stability of an oceanic front at finite Rossby number},
  author = {Subhajit Kar and Roy Barkan and John R. Taylor},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.13304},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13304},
}

@article{bonev2025fourcastnet,
  title = {FourCastNet 3: A geometric approach to probabilistic machine-learning weather forecasting at scale},
  author = {Boris Bonev and Thorsten Kurth and Ankur Mahesh and Mauro Bisson and Jean Kossaifi and Karthik Kashinath and Anima Anandkumar and William D. Collins and Michael S. Pritchard and Alexander Keller},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.12144},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12144},
}

@article{cheon2025modernizing,
  title = {Modernizing CNN-based Weather Forecast Model towards Higher Computational Efficiency},
  author = {Minjong Cheon and Eunhan Goo and Su-Hyeon Shin and Muhammad Ahmed and Hyungjun Kim},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.10893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10893},
}

@article{nwafor2025feedforward,
  title = {A Feed-Forward Artificial Intelligence Pipeline for Sustainable Desalination under Climate Uncertainties: UAE Insights},
  author = {Obumneme Nwafor and Chioma Nwafor and Amro Zakaria and Nkechi Nwankwo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.10609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10609},
}

@article{liu2025capturing,
  title = {Capturing Unseen Spatial Heat Extremes Through Dependence-Aware Generative Modeling},
  author = {Xinyue Liu and Xiao Peng and Shuyue Yan and Yuntian Chen and Dongxiao Zhang and Zhixiao Niu and Hui-Min Wang and Xiaogang He},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.09211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09211},
}

@article{wang2025xichen,
  title = {XiChen: A global weather observation-to-forecast machine learning system via four-dimensional variational gradient-guided flexible assimilation},
  author = {Wuxin Wang and Weicheng Ni and Lilan Huang and Tao Hao and Ben Fei and Shuo Ma and Taikang Yuan and Yanlai Zhao and Kefeng Deng and Xiaoyong Li and Hongze Leng and Boheng Duan and Lei Bai and Weimin Zhang and Junqiang Song and Kaijun Ren},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.09202},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09202},
}

@article{chen2025modeling,
  title = {Modeling Partially Observed Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Efficient Data Assimilation via Discrete-Time Conditional Gaussian Koopman Network},
  author = {Chuanqi Chen and Zhongrui Wang and Nan Chen and Jin-Long Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.08749},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.08749},
}

@article{jalan2025intraseasonal,
  title = {Intraseasonal Equatorial Kelvin and Rossby Waves in Modern AI-ML Models},
  author = {Shrutee Jalan and Jai Sukhatme},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.07952},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07952},
}

@article{rampal2025downscaling,
  title = {Downscaling with AI reveals the large role of internal variability in fine-scale projections of climate extremes},
  author = {Neelesh Rampal and Peter B. Gibson and Steven C. Sherwood and Laura E. Queen and Hamish Lewis and Gab Abramowitz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.06527},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06527},
}

@article{asefi2025generative,
  title = {Generative Lagrangian data assimilation for ocean dynamics under extreme sparsity},
  author = {Niloofar Asefi and Leonard Lupin-Jimenez and Tianning Wu and Ruoying He and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.06479},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06479},
}

@article{foxabbott2025explaining,
  title = {Explaining Surface Layer Theory Departures in Marine Flux Profiles with Data-Driven Discovery},
  author = {Jack Foxabbott and Leo Mckee-Reid and Andrew Cusick and Robbie McCorkell and Jugal Patel and Jamie Rumbelow and Jessica Rumbelow and Zohreh Shams and Arush Tagade and Patrick Hawbecker and Sue Ellen Haupt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.06425},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06425},
}

@article{kieckhefen2025jigsaw,
  title = {Jigsaw: Training Multi-Billion-Parameter AI Weather Models with Optimized Model Parallelism},
  author = {Deifilia Kieckhefen and Markus Götz and Lars H. Heyen and Achim Streit and Charlotte Debus},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.05753},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05753},
}

@article{zhang2025sparsitypromoting,
  title = {Sparsity-Promoting Dynamic Mode Decomposition Applied to Sea Surface Temperature Fields},
  author = {Zhicheng Zhang and Yoshihiko Susuki and Atsushi Okazaki},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.05711},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05711},
}

@article{abdi2025hrrrcast,
  title = {HRRRCast: a data-driven emulator for regional weather forecasting at convection allowing scales},
  author = {Daniel Abdi and Isidora Jankov and Paul Madden and Vanderlei Vargas and Timothy A. Smith and Sergey Frolov and Montgomery Flora and Corey Potvin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.05658},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05658},
}

@article{ramirez2025sitespecific,
  title = {Site-Specific Parameterization of Ocean Spectra for Power Estimates of Wave Energy Converters},
  author = {Rafael Baez Ramirez and Ethan J. Sloan and Carlos Alejandro Michelén Ströfer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.05440},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.05440},
}

@article{harder2025rainshift,
  title = {RainShift: A Benchmark for Precipitation Downscaling Across Geographies},
  author = {Paula Harder and Luca Schmidt and Francis Pelletier and Nicole Ludwig and Matthew Chantry and Christian Lessig and Alex Hernandez-Garcia and David Rolnick},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.04930},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04930},
}

@article{tschan2025interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable Machine Learning for Urban Heat Mitigation: Attribution and Weighting of Multi-Scale Drivers},
  author = {David Tschan and Zhi Wang and Dominik Strebel and Jan Carmeliet and Yongling Zhao},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.04802},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04802},
}

@article{elkayam2025predictive,
  title = {Predictive Modeling of Effluent Temperature in SAT Systems Using Ambient Meteorological Data: Implications for Infiltration Management},
  author = {Roy Elkayam},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.04050},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.04050},
}

@article{meng2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Atmospheric Models Reliably Simulate Out-of-Sample Land Heat and Cold Wave Frequencies},
  author = {Zilu Meng and Gregory J. Hakim and Wenchang Yang and Gabriel A. Vecchi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.03176},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03176},
}

@article{liu2025multilabel,
  title = {Multi-Label Classification Framework for Hurricane Damage Assessment},
  author = {Zhangding Liu and Neda Mohammadi and John E. Taylor},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.02265},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02265},
}

@article{yi2025efficient,
  title = {Efficient Kilometer-Scale Precipitation Downscaling with Conditional Wavelet Diffusion},
  author = {Chugang Yi and Minghan Yu and Weikang Qian and Yixin Wen and Haizhao Yang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.01354},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01354},
}

@article{biswas2025atmospheric,
  title = {Atmospheric model-trained machine learning selection and classification of ultracool TY dwarfs},
  author = {Ankit Biswas},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.00957},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00957},
}

@article{pavlik2025do,
  title = {Do Echo Top Heights Improve Deep Learning Nowcasts?},
  author = {Peter Pavlík and Marc Schleiss and Anna Bou Ezzeddine and Viera Rozinajová},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.00845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00845},
}

@article{babu2025guided,
  title = {Guided Unconditional and Conditional Generative Models for Super-Resolution and Inference of Quasi-Geostrophic Turbulence},
  author = {Anantha Narayanan Suresh Babu and Akhil Sadam and Pierre F. J. Lermusiaux},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.00719},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00719},
}

@article{putatunda2025idriftnet,
  title = {IDRIFTNET: Physics-Driven Spatiotemporal Deep Learning for Iceberg Drift Forecasting},
  author = {Rohan Putatunda and Sanjay Purushotham and Ratnaksha Lele and Vandana P. Janeja},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.00036},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00036},
}

@article{holmberg2025accurate,
  title = {Accurate Mediterranean Sea forecasting via graph-based deep learning},
  author = {Daniel Holmberg and Emanuela Clementi and Italo Epicoco and Teemu Roos},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.23900},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23900},
}

@article{chakraborty2025multimodal,
  title = {Multimodal Atmospheric Super-Resolution With Deep Generative Models},
  author = {Dibyajyoti Chakraborty and Haiwen Guan and Jason Stock and Troy Arcomano and Guido Cervone and Romit Maulik},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.22780},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22780},
}

@article{falasca2025probing,
  title = {Probing forced responses and causality in data-driven climate emulators: conceptual limitations and the role of reduced-order models},
  author = {Fabrizio Falasca},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.22552},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22552},
}

@article{winkler2025arnoldi,
  title = {Arnoldi Singular Vector perturbations for machine learning weather prediction},
  author = {Jens Winkler and Michael Denhard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.22450},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22450},
}

@article{merizzi2025vision,
  title = {Vision Transformers for Multi-Variable Climate Downscaling: Emulating Regional Climate Models with a Shared Encoder and Multi-Decoder Architecture},
  author = {Fabio Merizzi and Harilaos Loukos},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.22447},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22447},
}

@article{yang2025first,
  title = {The First Compute Arms Race: the Early History of Numerical Weather Prediction},
  author = {Charles Yang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.21816},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.21816},
}

@article{mourning2025airview,
  title = {AIR-VIEW: The Aviation Image Repository for Visibility Estimation of Weather, A Dataset and Benchmark},
  author = {Chad Mourning and Zhewei Wang and Justin Murray},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.20939},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20939},
}

@article{cachay2025elucidated,
  title = {Elucidated Rolling Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Forecasting of Complex Dynamics},
  author = {Salva Rühling Cachay and Miika Aittala and Karsten Kreis and Noah Brenowitz and Arash Vahdat and Morteza Mardani and Rose Yu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.20024},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20024},
}

@article{curran2025generate,
  title = {Generate the Forest before the Trees -- A Hierarchical Diffusion model for Climate Downscaling},
  author = {Declan J. Curran and Sanaa Hobeichi and Hira Saleem and Hao Xue and Flora D. Salim},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.19391},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19391},
}

@article{hu2025geometryaware,
  title = {A Geometry-Aware AI Emulator for the Coupled Whole Atmosphere from Earth Surface to the Ionosphere and Thermosphere},
  author = {Jiahui Hu and Wenjun Dong},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.19340},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19340},
}

@article{lehmann2025finetuning,
  title = {Finetuning a Weather Foundation Model with Lightweight Decoders for Unseen Physical Processes},
  author = {Fanny Lehmann and Firat Ozdemir and Benedikt Soja and Torsten Hoefler and Siddhartha Mishra and Sebastian Schemm},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.19088},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19088},
}

@article{liu2025deeplearning,
  title = {A deep-learning model for predicting daily PM2.5 concentration in response to emission reduction},
  author = {Shigan Liu and Guannan Geng and Yanfei Xiang and Hejun Hu and Xiaodong Liu and Xiaomeng Huang and Qiang Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.18018},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.18018},
}

@article{li2025typhoformer,
  title = {TyphoFormer: Language-Augmented Transformer for Accurate Typhoon Track Forecasting},
  author = {Lincan Li and Eren Erman Ozguven and Yue Zhao and Guang Wang and Yiqun Xie and Yushun Dong},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.17609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17609},
}

@article{sudharsan2025utgraphcast,
  title = {UT-GraphCast Hindcast Dataset: A Global AI Forecast Archive from UT Austin for Weather and Climate Applications},
  author = {Naveen Sudharsan and Manmeet Singh and Harsh Kamath and Hassan Dashtian and Clint Dawson and Zong-Liang Yang and Dev Niyogi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.17453},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17453},
}

@article{zaidan2025artificial,
  title = {Artificial Intelligence for Atmospheric Sciences: A Research Roadmap},
  author = {Martha Arbayani Zaidan and Naser Hossein Motlagh and Petteri Nurmi and Tareq Hussein and Markku Kulmala and Tuukka Petäjä and Sasu Tarkoma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.16281},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16281},
}

@article{mai2025blended,
  title = {Blended parameterization in an atmospheric model: Improving severestorm ensemble prediction by considering uncertainties in model physics},
  author = {Khanh Hung Mai and Duc Le and Kazuo Saito and Tomizawa Futo and Yohei Sawada},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.15472},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15472},
}

@article{tu2025mods,
  title = {MODS: Multi-source Observations Conditional Diffusion Model for Meteorological State Downscaling},
  author = {Siwei Tu and Jingyi Xu and Weidong Yang and Lei Bai and Ben Fei},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.14798},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14798},
}

@article{landsberg2025aiinformed,
  title = {AI-informed model-analogs for understanding subseasonal-to-seasonal jet stream and North American temperature predictability},
  author = {Jacob B. Landsberg and Matthew Newman and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.14022},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14022},
}

@article{rice2025projecting,
  title = {Projecting U.S. coastal storm surge risks and impacts with deep learning},
  author = {Julian R. Rice and Karthik Balaguru and Fadia Ticona Rollano and John Wilson and Brent Daniel and David Judi and Ning Sun and L. Ruby Leung},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13963},
}

@article{gao2025functional,
  title = {Functional data decomposition reveals unexpectedly strong soil moisture-precipitation coupling over the Great Plains},
  author = {Yifu Gao and Runze Li and Efi Foufoula-Georgiou and Jasper A. Vrugt},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13939},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13939},
}

@article{chen2025climatechat,
  title = {ClimateChat: Designing Data and Methods for Instruction Tuning LLMs to Answer Climate Change Queries},
  author = {Zhou Chen and Xiao Wang and Yuanhong Liao and Ming Lin and Yuqi Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13796},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13796},
}

@article{camilletti2025ai,
  title = {AI reconstruction of European weather from the Euro-Atlantic regimes},
  author = {A. Camilletti and G. Franch and E. Tomasi and M. Cristoforetti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13758},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13758},
}

@article{zambon2025peakweather,
  title = {PeakWeather: MeteoSwiss Weather Station Measurements for Spatiotemporal Deep Learning},
  author = {Daniele Zambon and Michele Cattaneo and Ivan Marisca and Jonas Bhend and Daniele Nerini and Cesare Alippi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.13652},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13652},
}

@article{mbarak2025noahmpai,
  title = {Towards NoahMP-AI: Enhancing Land Surface Model Prediction with Deep Learning},
  author = {Mahmoud Mbarak and Manmeet Singh and Naveen Sudharsan and Zong-Liang Yang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.12919},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12919},
}

@article{perkan2025forecast,
  title = {Forecast error diagnostics in neural weather models},
  author = {Uros Perkan and Ziga Zaplotnik and Gregor Skok},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.11987},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11987},
}

@article{melinc2025unified,
  title = {A unified neural background-error covariance model for midlatitude and tropical atmospheric data assimilation},
  author = {Boštjan Melinc and Uroš Perkan and Žiga Zaplotnik},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.11968},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11968},
}

@article{sun2025fusion,
  title = {Fusion of multi-source precipitation records via coordinate-based generative model},
  author = {Sencan Sun and Congyi Nai and Baoxiang Pan and Wentao Li and Lu Li and Xin Li and Efi Foufoula-Georgiou and Yanluan Lin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.11698},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11698},
}

@article{lang2025multiscale,
  title = {A multi-scale loss formulation for learning a probabilistic model with proper score optimisation},
  author = {Simon Lang and Martin Leutbecher and Pedro Maciel},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.10868},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10868},
}

@article{alet2025skillful,
  title = {Skillful joint probabilistic weather forecasting from marginals},
  author = {Ferran Alet and Ilan Price and Andrew El-Kadi and Dominic Masters and Stratis Markou and Tom R. Andersson and Jacklynn Stott and Remi Lam and Matthew Willson and Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez and Peter Battaglia},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.10772},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10772},
}

@article{kamangir2025california,
  title = {California Crop Yield Benchmark: Combining Satellite Image, Climate, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Data Layers for County-Level Yield Forecasting of Over 70 Crops},
  author = {Hamid Kamangir and Mona Hajiesmaeeli and Mason Earles},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.10228},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10228},
}

@article{frischholz2025retrieval,
  title = {Retrieval of Surface Solar Radiation through Implicit Albedo Recovery from Temporal Context},
  author = {Yael Frischholz and Devis Tuia and Michael Lehning},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.10174},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10174},
}

@article{hickman2025causal,
  title = {Causal Climate Emulation with Bayesian Filtering},
  author = {Sebastian Hickman and Ilija Trajkovic and Julia Kaltenborn and Francis Pelletier and Alex Archibald and Yaniv Gurwicz and Peer Nowack and David Rolnick and Julien Boussard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.09891},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09891},
}

@article{cheon2025atmosmj,
  title = {AtmosMJ: Revisiting Gating Mechanism for AI Weather Forecasting Beyond the Year Scale},
  author = {Minjong Cheon},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.09733},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09733},
}

@article{wu2025machine,
  title = {Machine learning-based correlation analysis of decadal cyclone intensity with sea surface temperature: data and tutorial},
  author = {Jingyang Wu and Rohitash Chandra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.09254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09254},
}

@article{zhuang2025ladcast,
  title = {LaDCast: A Latent Diffusion Model for Medium-Range Ensemble Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Yilin Zhuang and Karthik Duraisamy},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.09193},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09193},
}

@article{sutar2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatiotemporal deep learning models for detection of rapid intensification in cyclones},
  author = {Vamshika Sutar and Amandeep Singh and Rohitash Chandra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.08397},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08397},
}

@article{subramaniam2025imposing,
  title = {Imposing the Fundamental Dynamical Constraint of Hydrostatic Balance to Improve Global ML Weather Prediction},
  author = {Akshay Subramaniam and Dale Durran and David Pruitt and Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay and William Yik},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.08285},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08285},
}

@article{geng2025fuxiair,
  title = {FuXi-Air: Urban Air Quality Forecasting Based on Emission-Meteorology-Pollutant multimodal Machine Learning},
  author = {Zhixin Geng and Xu Fan and Xiqiao Lu and Yan Zhang and Guangyuan Yu and Cheng Huang and Qian Wang and Yuewu Li and Weichun Ma and Qi Yu and Libo Wu and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.07616},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07616},
}

@article{millard2025def,
  title = {DEF: Diffusion-augmented Ensemble Forecasting},
  author = {David Millard and Arielle Carr and Stéphane Gaudreault and Ali Baheri},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.07324},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07324},
}

@article{abdioskouei2025capability,
  title = {Capability demonstration of a JEDI-based system for TEMPO assimilation: system description and evaluation},
  author = {Maryam Abdi-Oskouei and Jérôme Barré},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.07321},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07321},
}

@article{chen2025meteorologicallyinformed,
  title = {Meteorologically-Informed Adaptive Conformal Prediction for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting},
  author = {Xuepeng Chen and Jing-Jia Luo and Qingqing Li and Fan Meng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.06638},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06638},
}

@article{pichon2025deep,
  title = {Deep learning methods for modeling infrasound transmission loss in the middle atmosphere},
  author = {Alexis Le Pichon and Alice Janela Cameijo and Samir Aknine and Youcef Sklab and Souhila Arib and Quentin Brissaud and Sven Peter Naesholm},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.06351},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06351},
}

@article{lee2025improving,
  title = {Improving Post-Processing for Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Deep Learning: Learning Precipitation Physics from High-Resolution Observations},
  author = {ChangJae Lee and Heecheol Yang and Byeonggwon Kim},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.03842},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03842},
}

@article{vischer2025spatially,
  title = {Spatially Resolved Meteorological and Ancillary Data in Central Europe for Rainfall Streamflow Modeling},
  author = {Marc Aurel Vischer and Noelia Otero and Jackie Ma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.03819},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03819},
}

@article{gneiting2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic measures afford fair comparisons of AIWP and NWP model output},
  author = {Tilmann Gneiting and Tobias Biegert and Kristof Kraus and Eva-Maria Walz and Alexander I. Jordan and Sebastian Lerch},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.03744},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03744},
}

@article{huang2025fuxiocean,
  title = {FuXi-Ocean: A Global Ocean Forecasting System with Sub-Daily Resolution},
  author = {Qiusheng Huang and Yuan Niu and Xiaohui Zhong and Anboyu Guo and Lei Chen and Dianjun Zhang and Xuefeng Zhang and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.03210},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03210},
}

@article{hodyss2025diffusion,
  title = {Using Diffusion Models to do Data Assimilation},
  author = {Daniel Hodyss and Matthias Morzfeld},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.02249},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02249},
}

@article{ozan2025dataassimilated,
  title = {Data-assimilated model-informed reinforcement learning},
  author = {Defne E. Ozan and Andrea Nóvoa and Georgios Rigas and Luca Magri},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.01755},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01755},
}

@article{dolezalova2025automatic,
  title = {Automatic detection of overshooting tops and their properties from visible satellite channels},
  author = {Anežka Doležalová and Jakub Seidl and Jindřich Šťástka and Ján Kaňák},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.00246},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00246},
}

@article{cardoso2025predictive,
  title = {Predictive posterior sampling from non-stationnary Gaussian process priors via Diffusion models with application to climate data},
  author = {Gabriel V Cardoso and Mike Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.24556},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24556},
}

@article{cuervolondono2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Weather Models for Subregional Ocean Forecasting: A Case Study on the Canary Current Upwelling System},
  author = {Giovanny A. Cuervo-Londoño and Javier Sánchez and Ángel Rodríguez-Santana},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.24429},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24429},
}

@article{xiao2025growerintheloop,
  title = {Grower-in-the-Loop Interactive Reinforcement Learning for Greenhouse Climate Control},
  author = {Maxiu Xiao and Jianglin Lan and Jingxin Yu and Weihong Ma and Qiuju Xie and Congcong Sun},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.23355},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23355},
}

@article{akazan2025localized,
  title = {Localized Weather Prediction Using Kolmogorov-Arnold Network-Based Models and Deep RNNs},
  author = {Ange-Clement Akazan and Verlon Roel Mbingui and Gnankan Landry Regis N'guessan and Issa Karambal},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.22686},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22686},
}

@article{sun2025alignda,
  title = {Align-DA: Align Score-based Atmospheric Data Assimilation with Multiple Preferences},
  author = {Jing-An Sun and Hang Fan and Junchao Gong and Ben Fei and Kun Chen and Fenghua Ling and Wenlong Zhang and Wanghan Xu and Li Yan and Pierre Gentine and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.22008},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22008},
}

@article{gao2025neuralom,
  title = {NeuralOM: Neural Ocean Model for Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Simulation},
  author = {Yuan Gao and Hao Wu and Fan Xu and Yanfei Xiang and Ruijian Gou and Ruiqi Shu and Qingsong Wen and Xian Wu and Kun Wang and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.21020},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21020},
}

@article{curcio2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Towards a Spatiotemporal Fusion Approach to Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Felipe Curcio and Pedro Castro and Augusto Fonseca and Rafaela Castro and Raquel Franco and Eduardo Ogasawara and Victor Stepanenko and Fabio Porto and Mariza Ferro and Eduardo Bezerra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.19258},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19258},
}

@article{utz2025climate,
  title = {Climate Implications of Diffusion-based Generative Visual AI Systems and their Mass Adoption},
  author = {Vanessa Utz and Steve DiPaola},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18892},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18892},
}

@article{shin2025accelerated,
  title = {Accelerated Bayesian calibration and uncertainty quantification of RANS turbulence model parameters for stratified atmospheric boundary layer flows},
  author = {E. Y. Shin and M. F. Howland},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18756},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18756},
}

@article{chen2025seasonindependent,
  title = {Season-Independent PV Disaggregation Using Multi-Scale Net Load Temporal Feature Extraction and Weather Factor Fusion},
  author = {Xiaolu Chen and Chenghao Huang and Yanru Zhang and Hao Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18747},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18747},
}

@article{badekale2025aidriven,
  title = {AI-Driven Climate Policy Scenario Generation for Sub-Saharan Africa},
  author = {Rafiu Adekoya Badekale and Adewale Akinfaderin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18694},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18694},
}

@article{gregory2025advancing,
  title = {Advancing global sea ice prediction capabilities using a fully-coupled climate model with integrated machine learning},
  author = {William Gregory and Mitchell Bushuk and Yong-Fei Zhang and Alistair Adcroft and Laure Zanna and Colleen McHugh and Liwei Jia},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18328},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18328},
}

@article{asanjan2025gaia,
  title = {GAIA: A Foundation Model for Operational Atmospheric Dynamics},
  author = {Ata Akbari Asanjan and Olivia Alexander and Tom Berg and Stephen Peng and Jad Makki and Clara Zhang and Matt Yang and Disha Shidham and Srija Chakraborty and William Bender and Cara Crawford and Arun Ravindran and Olivier Raiman and David Potere and David Bell},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.18179},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18179},
}

@article{linander2025pear,
  title = {PEAR: Equal Area Weather Forecasting on the Sphere},
  author = {Hampus Linander and Tage Tykesson and Pietro Rosso and Christoffer Petersson and Daniel Persson and Jan E. Gerken},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.17720},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.17720},
}

@article{chen2025improving,
  title = {Improving the Predictability of the Madden-Julian Oscillation at Subseasonal Scales with Gaussian Process Models},
  author = {Haoyuan Chen and Emil Constantinescu and Vishwas Rao and Cristiana Stan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.15934},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15934},
}

@article{wessinger2025deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Framework for Two-Dimensional, Multi-Frequency Propagation Factor Estimation},
  author = {Sarah E. Wessinger and Leslie N. Smith and Jacob Gull and Jonathan Gehman and Zachary Beever and Andrew J. Kammerer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.15802},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15802},
}

@article{thulke2025listen,
  title = {Listen to the Context: Towards Faithful Large Language Models for Retrieval Augmented Generation on Climate Questions},
  author = {David Thulke and Jakob Kemmler and Christian Dugast and Hermann Ney},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.15633},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15633},
}

@article{liu2025multitiered,
  title = {A Multi-Tiered Bayesian Network Coastal Compound Flood Analysis Framework},
  author = {Ziyue Liu and Meredith L. Carr and Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo and Luke A. Aucoin and Madison C. Yawn and Michelle T. Bensi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.15520},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15520},
}

@article{yao2025effective,
  title = {Effective climate policies for major emission reductions of ozone precursors: Global evidence from two decades},
  author = {Ningning Yao and Huan Xi and Lang Chen and Zhe Song and Jian Li and Yulei Chen and Baocai Guo and Yuanhang Zhang and Tong Zhu and Pengfei Li and Daniel Rosenfeld and John H. Seinfeld and Shaocai Yu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.14731},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14731},
}

@article{luo2025physicsguided,
  title = {Physics-Guided Learning of Meteorological Dynamics for Weather Downscaling and Forecasting},
  author = {Yingtao Luo and Shikai Fang and Binqing Wu and Qingsong Wen and Liang Sun},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.14555},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14555},
}

@article{masoudian2025assessing,
  title = {Assessing wildfire susceptibility in Iran: Leveraging machine learning for geospatial analysis of climatic and anthropogenic factors},
  author = {Ehsan Masoudian and Ali Mirzaei and Hossein Bagheri},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.14122},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.14122},
}

@article{niu2025utilizing,
  title = {Utilizing Strategic Pre-training to Reduce Overfitting: Baguan -- A Pre-trained Weather Forecasting Model},
  author = {Peisong Niu and Ziqing Ma and Tian Zhou and Weiqi Chen and Lefei Shen and Rong Jin and Liang Sun},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.13873},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13873},
}

@article{rodriguezpardo2025netzero,
  title = {Net-Zero: A Comparative Study on Neural Network Design for Climate-Economic PDEs Under Uncertainty},
  author = {Carlos Rodriguez-Pardo and Louis Daumas and Leonardo Chiani and Massimo Tavoni},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.13264},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13264},
}

@article{wang2025phyda,
  title = {PhyDA: Physics-Guided Diffusion Models for Data Assimilation in Atmospheric Systems},
  author = {Hao Wang and Jindong Han and Wei Fan and Weijia Zhang and Hao Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.12882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12882},
}

@article{lin2025terrainaware,
  title = {Terrain-aware Deep Learning for Wind Energy Applications: From Kilometer-scale Forecasts to Fine Wind Fields},
  author = {Chensen Lin and Ruian Tie and Shihong Yi and Xiaohui Zhong and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.12732},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12732},
}

@article{deng2025fable,
  title = {FABLE: A Localized, Targeted Adversarial Attack on Weather Forecasting Models},
  author = {Yue Deng and Asadullah Hill Galib and Xin Lan and Jack Gunn and Pang-Ning Tan and Lifeng Luo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.12167},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12167},
}

@article{jackaman2025improving,
  title = {Improving regional weather forecasts with neural interpolation},
  author = {James Jackaman and Oliver Sutton},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.12040},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12040},
}

@article{hua2025improving,
  title = {Improving Medium Range Severe Weather Prediction through Transformer Post-processing of AI Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Zhanxiang Hua and Ryan Sobash and David John Gagne and Yingkai Sha and Alexandra Anderson-Frey},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.11750},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11750},
}

@article{silva2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting temperatures in Brazilian states capitals via Machine Learning},
  author = {Sidney T. da Silva and Enrique C. Gabrick and Ana Luiza R. de Moraes and Ricardo L. Viana and Antonio M. Batista and Iberê L. Caldas and Jürgen Kurths},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.11511},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11511},
}

@article{zounematkermani2025aidriven,
  title = {An AI-driven framework for the prediction of personalised health response to air pollution},
  author = {Nazanin Zounemat-Kermani and Sadjad Naderi and Claire H. Dilliway and Claire E. Heaney and Shrreya Behll and Boyang Chen and Hisham Abubakar-Waziri and Alexandra E. Porter and Marc Chadeau-Hyam and Fangxin Fang and Ian M. Adcock and Kian Fan Chung and Christopher C. Pain},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.10556},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10556},
}

@article{chase2025how,
  title = {How to use score-based diffusion in earth system science: A satellite nowcasting example},
  author = {Randy J. Chase and Katherine Haynes and Lander Ver Hoef and Imme Ebert-Uphoff},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.10432},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10432},
}

@article{sarabia2025rainpro8,
  title = {RainPro-8: An Efficient Deep Learning Model to Estimate Rainfall Probabilities Over 8 Hours},
  author = {Rafael Pablos Sarabia and Joachim Nyborg and Morten Birk and Jeppe Liborius Sjørup and Anders Lillevang Vesterholt and Ira Assent},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.10271},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10271},
}

@article{sun2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting Beyond Training Data via Extrapolation versus Translocation: AI Weather Models and Dubai's Unprecedented 2024 Rainfall},
  author = {Y. Qiang Sun and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Tiffany Shaw and Hamid A. Pahlavan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.10241},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10241},
}

@article{zheng2025lantu,
  title = {LanTu: Dynamics-Enhanced Deep Learning for Eddy-Resolving Ocean Forecasting},
  author = {Qingyu Zheng and Qi Shao and Guijun Han and Wei Li and Hong Li and Xuan Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.10191},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10191},
}

@article{liu2025quantumenhanced,
  title = {Quantum-Enhanced Parameter-Efficient Learning for Typhoon Trajectory Forecasting},
  author = {Chen-Yu Liu and Kuan-Cheng Chen and Yi-Chien Chen and Samuel Yen-Chi Chen and Wei-Hao Huang and Wei-Jia Huang and Yen-Jui Chang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.09395},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09395},
}

@article{perezhogin2025generalizable,
  title = {Generalizable neural-network parameterization of mesoscale eddies in idealized and global ocean models},
  author = {Pavel Perezhogin and Alistair Adcroft and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.08900},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08900},
}

@article{wu2025applying,
  title = {Applying the ACE2 Emulator to SST Green's Functions for the E3SMv3 Global Atmosphere Model},
  author = {Elynn Wu and Finn Rebassoo and Pappu Paul and Cristian Proistosescu and Jacqueline Nugent and Daniel McCoy and Peter Caldwell and Christopher S. Bretherton},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.08742},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08742},
}

@article{yu2025reinforcement,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning (RL) Meets Urban Climate Modeling: Investigating the Efficacy and Impacts of RL-Based HVAC Control},
  author = {Junjie Yu and John S. Schreck and David John Gagne and Keith W. Oleson and Jie Li and Yongtu Liang and Qi Liao and Mingfei Sun and David O. Topping and Zhonghua Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.07045},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07045},
}

@article{brenowitz2025climate,
  title = {Climate in a Bottle: Towards a Generative Foundation Model for the Kilometer-Scale Global Atmosphere},
  author = {Noah D. Brenowitz and Tao Ge and Akshay Subramaniam and Peter Manshausen and Aayush Gupta and David M. Hall and Morteza Mardani and Arash Vahdat and Karthik Kashinath and Michael S. Pritchard},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.06474},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06474},
}

@article{zhou2025machine,
  title = {A machine learning model for skillful climate system prediction},
  author = {Chenguang Zhou and Lei Chen and Xiaohui Zhong and Bo Lu and Hao Li and Libo Wu and Jie Wu and Jiahui Hu and Zesheng Dou and Pang-Chi Hsu and Xiaoye Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.06269},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06269},
}

@article{ma2025reconstruction,
  title = {Reconstruction of Antarctic sea ice thickness from sparse satellite laser altimetry data using a partial convolutional neural network},
  author = {Ziqi Ma and Qinghua Yang and Yue Xu and Wen Shi and Xiaoran Dong and Qian Shi and Hao Luo and Jiping Liu and Petteri Uotila and Yafei Nie},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.06255},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06255},
}

@article{behnoudfar2025rldaunce,
  title = {RL-DAUNCE: Reinforcement Learning-Driven Data Assimilation with Uncertainty-Aware Constrained Ensembles},
  author = {Pouria Behnoudfar and Nan Chen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.05452},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05452},
}

@article{zheng2025physicsassisted,
  title = {Physics-Assisted and Topology-Informed Deep Learning for Weather Prediction},
  author = {Jiaqi Zheng and Qing Ling and Yerong Feng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.04918},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04918},
}

@article{wang2025orbit2,
  title = {ORBIT-2: Scaling Exascale Vision Foundation Models for Weather and Climate Downscaling},
  author = {Xiao Wang and Jong-Youl Choi and Takuya Kurihaya and Isaac Lyngaas and Hong-Jun Yoon and Xi Xiao and David Pugmire and Ming Fan and Nasik M. Nafi and Aristeidis Tsaris and Ashwin M. Aji and Maliha Hossain and Mohamed Wahib and Dali Wang and Peter Thornton and Prasanna Balaprakash and Moetasim Ashfaq and Dan Lu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.04802},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04802},
}

@article{wang2025supporting,
  title = {Supporting renewable energy planning and operation with data-driven high-resolution ensemble weather forecast},
  author = {Jingnan Wang and Jie Chao and Shangshang Yang and Kaijun Ren and Kefeng Deng and Xi Chen and Yaxin Liu and Hanqiuzi Wen and Ziniu Xiao and Lifeng Zhang and Xiaodong Wang and Jiping Guan and Baoxiang Pan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.04396},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04396},
}

@article{grundner2025reduced,
  title = {Reduced Cloud Cover Errors in a Hybrid AI-Climate Model Through Equation Discovery And Automatic Tuning},
  author = {Arthur Grundner and Tom Beucler and Julien Savre and Axel Lauer and Manuel Schlund and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.04358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04358},
}

@article{nasios2025aidriven,
  title = {AI-driven multi-source data fusion for algal bloom severity classification in small inland water bodies: Leveraging Sentinel-2, DEM, and NOAA climate data},
  author = {Ioannis Nasios},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.03808},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03808},
}

@article{mockert2025windows,
  title = {Windows of opportunity in subseasonal weather regime forecasting: A statistical-dynamical approach},
  author = {Fabian Mockert and Christian M. Grams and Sebastian Lerch and Julian Quinting},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.02680},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02680},
}

@article{gallusser2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Design Choices for Autoregressive Deep Learning Climate Models},
  author = {Florian Gallusser and Simon Hentschel and Anna Krause and Andreas Hotho},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.02506},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02506},
}

@article{zhang2025advancing,
  title = {Advancing Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity with a Hybrid AI-Physics Climate Model},
  author = {Gan Zhang and Megha Rao and Janni Yuval and Ming Zhao},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.01455},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01455},
}

@article{biswas2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring Equity of Climate Policies using Multi-Agent Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Palok Biswas and Zuzanna Osika and Isidoro Tamassia and Adit Whorra and Jazmin Zatarain-Salazar and Jan Kwakkel and Frans A. Oliehoek and Pradeep K. Murukannaiah},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.01115},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.01115},
}

@article{snaiki2025novel,
  title = {A Novel Dynamic Bias-Correction Framework for Hurricane Risk Assessment under Climate Change},
  author = {Reda Snaiki and Teng Wu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00832},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00832},
}

@article{ibikunle2025aiready,
  title = {AI-ready Snow Radar Echogram Dataset (SRED) for climate change monitoring},
  author = {Oluwanisola Ibikunle and Hara Talasila and Debvrat Varshney and Jilu Li and John Paden and Maryam Rahnemoonfar},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00786},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00786},
}

@article{lin2025controllable,
  title = {Controllable Weather Synthesis and Removal with Video Diffusion Models},
  author = {Chih-Hao Lin and Zian Wang and Ruofan Liang and Yuxuan Zhang and Sanja Fidler and Shenlong Wang and Zan Gojcic},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00704},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00704},
}

@article{thanh2025enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing Tropical Cyclone Path Forecasting with an Improved Transformer Network},
  author = {Nguyen Van Thanh and Nguyen Dang Huynh and Nguyen Ngoc Tan and Nguyen Thai Minh and Nguyen Nam Hoang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00495},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00495},
}

@article{asghar2025validation,
  title = {Validation of a 24-hour-ahead Prediction model for a Residential Electrical Load under diverse climate},
  author = {Ehtisham Asghar and Martin Hill and Ibrahim Sengor and Conor Lynch and Phan Quang An},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.00348},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00348},
}

@article{yasuda2025zeroshot,
  title = {Zero-Shot Super-Resolution from Unstructured Data Using a Transformer-Based Neural Operator for Urban Micrometeorology},
  author = {Yuki Yasuda and Ryo Onishi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.21361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21361},
}

@article{ennis2025turning,
  title = {Turning Up the Heat: Assessing 2-m Temperature Forecast Errors in AI Weather Prediction Models During Heat Waves},
  author = {Kelsey E. Ennis and Elizabeth A. Barnes and Marybeth C. Arcodia and Martin A. Fernandez and Eric D. Maloney},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.21195},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21195},
}

@article{niu2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning (ML)-Physics Fusion Model Outperforms Both Physics-Only and ML-Only Models in Typhoon Predictions},
  author = {Zeyi Niu and Wei Huang and Hao Li and Xuliang Fan and Yuhua Yang and Mengqi Yang and Bo Qin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20852},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20852},
}

@article{pasula2025data,
  title = {Data Driven Deep Learning for Correcting Global Climate Model Projections of SST and DSL in the Bay of Bengal},
  author = {Abhishek Pasula and Deepak N. Subramani},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20620},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20620},
}

@article{hadas2025quantifying,
  title = {Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Storm Activity Using Machine Learning},
  author = {Or Hadas and Yohai Kaspi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20521},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20521},
}

@article{wang2025multidimensional,
  title = {Multidimensional precipitation index prediction based on CNN-LSTM hybrid framework},
  author = {Yuchen Wang and Pengfei Jia and Zhitao Shu and Keyan Liu and Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20442},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20442},
}

@article{vonich2025atmospheric,
  title = {Atmospheric Predictability Beyond 30 Days with Machine Learning},
  author = {P. Trent Vonich and Gregory J. Hakim},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20238},
}

@article{saranathan2025physically,
  title = {A Physically Driven Long Short Term Memory Model for Estimating Snow Water Equivalent over the Continental United States},
  author = {Arun M. Saranathan and Mahmoud Saeedimoghaddam and Brandon Smith and Deepthi Raghunandan and Grey Nearing and Craig Pelissier},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.20129},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20129},
}

@article{cheon2025mjolnir,
  title = {Mjölnir: A Deep Learning Parametrization Framework for Global Lightning Flash Density},
  author = {Minjong Cheon},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.19822},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19822},
}

@article{ji2025bixiao,
  title = {BiXiao: An AI-Based Atmospheric Environment Forecasting Model Using Discontinuous Grids},
  author = {Shengxuan Ji and Yawei Qu and Cheng Yuan and Tijian Wang and Bing Liu and Lili Zhu and Huihui Zheng and Zhenfeng Qiu and Pulong Chen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.19764},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19764},
}

@article{mamtani2025axialunet,
  title = {Axial-UNet: A Neural Weather Model for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Sumit Mamtani and Maitreya Sonawane},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.19408},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19408},
}

@article{pasula2025global,
  title = {Global Climate Model Bias Correction Using Deep Learning},
  author = {Abhishek Pasula and Deepak N. Subramani},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.19145},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19145},
}

@article{varshney2025climaempact,
  title = {ClimaEmpact: Domain-Aligned Small Language Models and Datasets for Extreme Weather Analytics},
  author = {Deeksha Varshney and Keane Ong and Rui Mao and Erik Cambria and Gianmarco Mengaldo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.19066},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19066},
}

@article{andry2025appa,
  title = {Appa: Bending Weather Dynamics with Latent Diffusion Models for Global Data Assimilation},
  author = {Gérôme Andry and Sacha Lewin and François Rozet and Omer Rochman and Victor Mangeleer and Matthias Pirlet and Elise Faulx and Marilaure Grégoire and Gilles Louppe},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.18720},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18720},
}

@article{han2025exploring,
  title = {Exploring the Potential of Latent Embeddings for Sea Ice Characterization using ICESat-2 Data},
  author = {Daehyeon Han and Morteza Karimzadeh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.18668},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18668},
}

@article{turzi2025ssaunet,
  title = {SSA-UNet: Advanced Precipitation Nowcasting via Channel Shuffling},
  author = {Marco Turzi and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.18309},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18309},
}

@article{keshtmand2025prototypeenhanced,
  title = {Prototype-enhanced prediction in graph neural networks for climate applications},
  author = {Nawid Keshtmand and Elena Fillola and Jeffrey Nicholas Clark and Raul Santos-Rodriguez and Matthew Rigby},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.17492},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17492},
}

@article{khadir2025democracy,
  title = {Democracy of AI Numerical Weather Models: An Example of Global Forecasting with FourCastNetv2 Made by a University Research Lab Using GPU},
  author = {Iman Khadir and Shane Stevenson and Henry Li and Kyle Krick and Abram Burrows and David Hall and Stan Posey and Samuel S. P. Shen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.17028},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17028},
}

@article{zhai2025improving,
  title = {Improving Significant Wave Height Prediction Using Chronos Models},
  author = {Yilin Zhai and Hongyuan Shi and Chao Zhan and Qing Wang and Zaijin You and Nan Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.16834},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16834},
}

@article{novoa2025online,
  title = {Online model learning with data-assimilated reservoir computers},
  author = {Andrea Nóvoa and Luca Magri},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.16767},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16767},
}

@article{howard2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Emulation of the Community Radiative Transfer Model Using Machine Learning},
  author = {Lucas Howard and Aneesh C. Subramanian and Gregory Thompson and Benjamin Johnson and Thomas Auligne},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.16192},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16192},
}

@article{sitwell2025ensai,
  title = {EnsAI: An Emulator for Atmospheric Chemical Ensembles},
  author = {Michael Sitwell},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.16024},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16024},
}

@article{imgrund2025adversarial,
  title = {Adversarial Observations in Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Erik Imgrund and Thorsten Eisenhofer and Konrad Rieck},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.15942},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15942},
}

@article{darman2025fourier,
  title = {Fourier analysis of the physics of transfer learning for data-driven subgrid-scale models of ocean turbulence},
  author = {Moein Darman and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Laure Zanna and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.15487},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15487},
}

@article{zhou2025how,
  title = {How to systematically develop an effective AI-based bias correction model?},
  author = {Xiao Zhou and Yuze Sun and Jie Wu and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.15322},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15322},
}

@article{hasan2025invarianceembedded,
  title = {Invariance-embedded Machine Learning Sub-grid-scale Stress Models for Meso-scale Hurricane Boundary Layer Flow Simulation I: Model Development and $\textit{a priori}$ Studies},
  author = {Md Badrul Hasan and Meilin Yu and Tim Oates},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.14473},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14473},
}

@article{han2025physicsguided,
  title = {Physics-Guided Multimodal Transformers are the Necessary Foundation for the Next Generation of Meteorological Science},
  author = {Jing Han and Hanting Chen and Kai Han and Xiaomeng Huang and Wenjun Xu and Dacheng Tao and Ping Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.14174},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14174},
}

@article{trotta2025statistical,
  title = {Statistical post-processing yields accurate probabilistic forecasts from Artificial Intelligence weather models},
  author = {Belinda Trotta and Robert Johnson and Catherine de Burgh-Day and Debra Hudson and Esteban Abellan and James Canvin and Andrew Kelly and Daniel Mentiplay and Benjamin Owen and Jennifer Whelan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.12672},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.12672},
}

@article{amini2025posthurricane,
  title = {Post-Hurricane Debris Segmentation Using Fine-Tuned Foundational Vision Models},
  author = {Kooshan Amini and Yuhao Liu and Jamie Ellen Padgett and Guha Balakrishnan and Ashok Veeraraghavan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.12542},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.12542},
}

@article{gorooh2025enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing Deterministic Freezing Level Predictions in the Northern Sierra Nevada Through Deep Neural Networks},
  author = {Vesta Afzali Gorooh and Agniv Sengupta and Shawn Roj and Rachel Weihs and Brian Kawzenuk and Luca Delle Monache and F. Martin Ralph},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.11560},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11560},
}

@article{gharatappeh2025weatheraware,
  title = {Weather-Aware Object Detection Transformer for Domain Adaptation},
  author = {Soheil Gharatappeh and Salimeh Sekeh and Vikas Dhiman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.10877},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10877},
}

@article{yu2025rainy,
  title = {Rainy: Unlocking Satellite Calibration for Deep Learning in Precipitation},
  author = {Zhenyu Yu and Hanqing Chen and Mohd Yamani Idna Idris and Pei Wang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.10776},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10776},
}

@article{vandervoort2025reinforcement,
  title = {Using Reinforcement Learning to Integrate Subjective Wellbeing into Climate Adaptation Decision Making},
  author = {Arthur Vandervoort and Miguel Costa and Morten W. Petersen and Martin Drews and Sonja Haustein and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.10031},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10031},
}

@article{metzl2025physical,
  title = {Physical Scales Matter: The Role of Receptive Fields and Advection in Satellite-Based Thunderstorm Nowcasting with Convolutional Neural Networks},
  author = {Christoph Metzl and Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia and Richard Müller and Virginia Poli and Miria Celano and Tobias Bölle},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.09994},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09994},
}

@article{li2025tianquans2s,
  title = {TianQuan-S2S: A Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Global Weather Model via Incorporate Climatology State},
  author = {Guowen Li and Xintong Liu and Yang Liu and Mengxuan Chen and Shilei Cao and Xuehe Wang and Juepeng Zheng and Jinxiao Zhang and Haoyuan Liang and Lixian Zhang and Jiuke Wang and Meng Jin and Hong Cheng and Haohuan Fu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.09940},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09940},
}

@article{adamov2025building,
  title = {Building Machine Learning Limited Area Models: Kilometer-Scale Weather Forecasting in Realistic Settings},
  author = {Simon Adamov and Joel Oskarsson and Leif Denby and Tomas Landelius and Kasper Hintz and Simon Christiansen and Irene Schicker and Carlos Osuna and Fredrik Lindsten and Oliver Fuhrer and Sebastian Schemm},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.09340},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09340},
}

@article{ke2025low,
  title = {Low latency global carbon budget reveals a continuous decline of the land carbon sink during the 2023/24 El Nino event},
  author = {Piyu Ke and Philippe Ciais and Yitong Yao and Stephen Sitch and Wei Li and Yidi Xu and Xiaomeng Du and Xiaofan Gui and Ana Bastos and Sonke Zaehle and Ben Poulter and Thomas Colligan and Auke M. van der Woude and Wouter Peters and Zhu Liu and Zhe Jin and Xiangjun Tian and Yilong Wang and Junjie Liu and Sudhanshu Pandey and Chris O'Dell and Jiang Bian and Chuanlong Zhou and John Miller and Xin Lan and Michael O'Sullivan and Pierre Friedlingstein and Guido R. van der Werf and Glen P. Peters and Shilong Piao and Frederic Chevallier},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.09189},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09189},
}

@article{kieu2025nwpbased,
  title = {NWP-based deep learning for tropical cyclone intensity prediction},
  author = {Chanh Kieu and Khanh Luong and Tri Nguyen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.09143},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09143},
}

@article{chawla2025physics,
  title = {A physics informed neural network approach to simulating ice dynamics governed by the shallow ice approximation},
  author = {Kapil Chawla and William Holmes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.08136},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08136},
}

@article{tam2025winter,
  title = {From Winter Storm Thermodynamics to Wind Gust Extremes: Discovering Interpretable Equations from Data},
  author = {Frederick Iat-Hin Tam and Fabien Augsburger and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.07905},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07905},
}

@article{bommer2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Meets Teleconnections: Improving S2S Predictions for European Winter Weather},
  author = {Philine L. Bommer and Marlene Kretschmer and Fiona R. Spuler and Kirill Bykov and Marina M. -C. Höhne},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.07625},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07625},
}

@article{xie2025mechanismlearning,
  title = {A Mechanism-Learning Deeply Coupled Model for Remote Sensing Retrieval of Global Land Surface Temperature},
  author = {Tian Xie and Menghui Jiang and Huanfeng Shen and Huifang Li and Chao Zeng and Jun Ma and Guanhao Zhang and Liangpei Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.07481},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07481},
}

@article{jiang2025organization,
  title = {Organization of Historical Oceanic Overturnings on Cross-Sphere Climate Signals},
  author = {Yingjing Jiang and Shaoqing Zhang and Yang Gao and Lixin Wu and Lv Lu and Zikuan Lin and Wenju Cai and Deliang Chen and L. Ruby Leung and Bin Wang and Xueshun Shen and Mingkui Li and Xiaolin Yu and Xiaopei Lin},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.06783},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06783},
}

@article{shu2025wavehits,
  title = {WaveHiTS: Wavelet-Enhanced Hierarchical Time Series Modeling for Wind Direction Nowcasting in Eastern Inner Mongolia},
  author = {Hailong Shu and Weiwei Song and Yue Wang and Jiping Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.06532},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06532},
}

@article{chapman2025camulator,
  title = {CAMulator: Fast Emulation of the Community Atmosphere Model},
  author = {William E. Chapman and John S. Schreck and Yingkai Sha and David John Gagne and Dhamma Kimpara and Laure Zanna and Kirsten J. Mayer and Judith Berner},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.06007},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06007},
}

@article{bulte2025graph,
  title = {Graph Neural Networks for Enhancing Ensemble Forecasts of Extreme Rainfall},
  author = {Christopher Bülte and Sohir Maskey and Philipp Scholl and Jonas von Berg and Gitta Kutyniok},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.05471},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05471},
}

@article{higgs2025hybrid,
  title = {Hybrid machine learning data assimilation for marine biogeochemistry},
  author = {Ieuan Higgs and Ross Bannister and Jozef Skákala and Alberto Carrassi and Stefano Ciavatta},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.05218},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05218},
}

@article{vemula2025graph,
  title = {Graph Transformer-Based Flood Susceptibility Mapping: Application to the French Riviera and Railway Infrastructure Under Climate Change},
  author = {Sreenath Vemula and Filippo Gatti and Pierre Jehel},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.03727},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03727},
}

@article{landry2025generating,
  title = {Generating ensembles of spatially-coherent in-situ forecasts using flow matching},
  author = {David Landry and Claire Monteleoni and Anastase Charantonis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.03463},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03463},
}

@article{heng2025gradient,
  title = {The Gradient of Mean Molecular Weight Across the Radius Valley},
  author = {Kevin Heng and James E. Owen and Meng Tian},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.02499},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02499},
}

@article{kim2025examplebased,
  title = {Example-Based Concept Analysis Framework for Deep Weather Forecast Models},
  author = {Soyeon Kim and Junho Choi and Subeen Lee and Jaesik Choi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.00831},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00831},
}

@article{kim2025explainable,
  title = {Explainable AI-Based Interface System for Weather Forecasting Model},
  author = {Soyeon Kim and Junho Choi and Yeji Choi and Subeen Lee and Artyom Stitsyuk and Minkyoung Park and Seongyeop Jeong and Youhyun Baek and Jaesik Choi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.00795},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00795},
}

@article{aich2025generating,
  title = {Generating realistic global precipitation fields from modelled atmospheric circulation},
  author = {Michael Aich and Sebastian Bathiany and Philipp Hess and Yu Huang and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.00307},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00307},
}

@article{leclerc2025improving,
  title = {Improving Predictions of Convective Storm Wind Gusts through Statistical Post-Processing of Neural Weather Models},
  author = {Antoine Leclerc and Erwan Koch and Monika Feldmann and Daniele Nerini and Tom Beucler},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2504.00128},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00128},
}

@article{pujol2025improving,
  title = {Improving prediction of heavy rainfall in the Mediterranean with Neural Networks using both observation and Numerical Weather Prediction data},
  author = {Killian Pujol and Roberta Baggio and Dominique Lambert and Jean-François Muzy and Jean-Baptiste Filippi and Florian Pantillon},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.24216},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.24216},
}

@article{kent2025skilful,
  title = {Skilful global seasonal predictions from a machine learning weather model trained on reanalysis data},
  author = {Chris Kent and Adam A. Scaife and Nick J. Dunstone and Doug Smith and Steven C. Hardiman and Tom Dunstan and Oliver Watt-Meyer},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.23953},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23953},
}

@article{springenberg2025diffscale,
  title = {DiffScale: Continuous Downscaling and Bias Correction of Subseasonal Wind Speed Forecasts using Diffusion Models},
  author = {Maximilian Springenberg and Noelia Otero and Yuxin Xue and Jackie Ma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.23893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23893},
}

@article{sakhuja2025quantumassisted,
  title = {Quantum-Assisted Machine Learning Models for Enhanced Weather Prediction},
  author = {Saiyam Sakhuja and Shivanshu Siyanwal and Abhishek Tiwari and Britant and Savita Kashyap},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.23408},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23408},
}

@article{shi2025spatialtemporal,
  title = {A Spatial-temporal Deep Probabilistic Diffusion Model for Reliable Hail Nowcasting with Radar Echo Extrapolation},
  author = {Haonan Shi and Long Tian and Jie Tao and Yufei Li and Liming Wang and Xiyang Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.22724},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22724},
}

@article{kammerlander2025machine,
  title = {Machine Learning Models for Soil Parameter Prediction Based on Satellite, Weather, Clay and Yield Data},
  author = {Calvin Kammerlander and Viola Kolb and Marinus Luegmair and Lou Scheermann and Maximilian Schmailzl and Marco Seufert and Jiayun Zhang and Denis Dalic and Torsten Schön},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.22276},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22276},
}

@article{du2025weathermesh3,
  title = {WeatherMesh-3: Fast and accurate operational global weather forecasting},
  author = {Haoxing Du and Lyna Kim and Joan Creus-Costa and Jack Michaels and Anuj Shetty and Todd Hutchinson and Christopher Riedel and John Dean},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.22235},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22235},
}

@article{chatterjee2025forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting Volcanic Radiative Power (VPR) at Fuego Volcano Using Bayesian Regularized Neural Network},
  author = {Snehamoy Chatterjee and Greg Waite and Sidike Paheding and Luke Bowman},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.21803},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21803},
}

@article{cutolo2025simulationinformed,
  title = {Simulation-informed deep learning for enhanced SWOT observations of fine-scale ocean dynamics},
  author = {Eugenio Cutolo and Carlos Granero-Belinchon and Ptashanna Thiraux and Jinbo Wang and Ronan Fablet},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.21303},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21303},
}

@article{hao2025interpretable,
  title = {Interpretable Cross-Sphere Multiscale Deep Learning Predicts ENSO Skilfully Beyond 2 Years},
  author = {Rixu Hao and Yuxin Zhao and Shaoqing Zhang and Guihua Wang and Xiong Deng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.21211},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21211},
}

@article{palma2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven Seasonal Climate Predictions via Variational Inference and Transformers},
  author = {Lluís Palma and Alejandro Peraza and David Civantos and Amanda Duarte and Stefano Materia and Ángel G. Muñoz and Jesús Peña-Izquierdo and Laia Romero and Albert Soret and Markus G. Donat},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.20466},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20466},
}

@article{dhankhar2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {A Spatiotemporal Radar-Based Precipitation Model for Water Level Prediction and Flood Forecasting},
  author = {Sakshi Dhankhar and Stefan Wittek and Hamidreza Eivazi and Andreas Rausch},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.19943},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19943},
}

@article{huang2025fuxirtm,
  title = {FuXi-RTM: A Physics-Guided Prediction Framework with Radiative Transfer Modeling},
  author = {Qiusheng Huang and Xiaohui Zhong and Xu Fan and Lei Chen and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.19940},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19940},
}

@article{hirabayashi2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven Mesoscale Weather Forecasting Combining Swin-Unet and Diffusion Models},
  author = {Yuta Hirabayashi and Daisuke Matsuoka},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.19354},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19354},
}

@article{limousin2025deep,
  title = {Deep learning in the abyss: a stratified Physics Informed Neural Network for data assimilation},
  author = {Vadim Limousin and Nelly Pustelnik and Bruno Deremble and Antoine Venaille},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.19160},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19160},
}

@article{das2025causal,
  title = {Causal Links Between Anthropogenic Emissions and Air Pollution Dynamics in Delhi},
  author = {Sourish Das and Sudeep Shukla and Alka Yadav and Anirban Chakraborti},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.18912},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18912},
}

@article{baggio2025local,
  title = {Local wind speed forecasting at short time horizons based on Numerical Weather Prediction and observations from surrounding stations},
  author = {Roberta Baggio and Killian Pujol and Florian Pantillon and Dominique Lambert and Jean-Baptiste Filippi and Jean-François Muzy},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.18797},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18797},
}

@article{haghighi2025deep,
  title = {Deep learning-based identification of precipitation clouds from all-sky camera data for observatory safety},
  author = {Mohammad H. Zhoolideh Haghighi and Alireza Ghasrimanesh and Habib Khosroshahi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.18670},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18670},
}

@article{fan2025offline,
  title = {Offline Meteorology-Pollution Coupling Global Air Pollution Forecasting Model with Bilinear Pooling},
  author = {Xu Fan and Yuetan Lin and Bing Gong and Hao Li},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.18405},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18405},
}

@article{xie2025climategs,
  title = {ClimateGS: Real-Time Climate Simulation with 3D Gaussian Style Transfer},
  author = {Yuezhen Xie and Meiying Zhang and Qi Hao},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.14845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14845},
}

@article{kumar2025locationspecific,
  title = {Towards Location-Specific Precipitation Projections Using Deep Neural Networks},
  author = {Bipin Kumar and Bhvisy Kumar Yadav and Soumypdeep Mukhopadhyay and Rakshit Rohan and Bhupendra Bahadur Singh and Rajib Chattopadhyay and Nagraju Chilukoti and Atul Kumar Sahai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.14095},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14095},
}

@article{liang2025cncast,
  title = {CNCast: Leveraging 3D Swin Transformer and DiT for Enhanced Regional Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Hongli Liang and Yuanting Zhang and Qingye Meng and Shuangshuang He and Xingyuan Yuan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.13546},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13546},
}

@article{damiano2025improving,
  title = {Improving the quasi-biennial oscillation via a surrogate-accelerated multi-objective optimization},
  author = {Luis Damiano and Walter M. Hannah and Chih-Chieh Chen and James J. Benedict and Khachik Sargsyan and Bert Debusschere and Michael S. Eldred},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.13498},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13498},
}

@article{iotti2025rainscalegan,
  title = {RainScaleGAN: a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Rainfall Downscaling},
  author = {Marcello Iotti and Paolo Davini and Jost von Hardenberg and Giuseppe Zappa},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.13316},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.13316},
}

@article{choudhury2025development,
  title = {Development of a Data-driven weather forecasting system over India with Pangu-Weather architecture and IMDAA reanalysis Data},
  author = {Animesh Choudhury and Jagabandhu Panda},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.12956},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12956},
}

@article{xu2025integrating,
  title = {Integrating mobile and fixed monitoring data for high-resolution PM2.5 mapping using machine learning},
  author = {Rui Xu and Dawen Yao and Yuzhuang Pian and Ruhui Cao and Yixin Fu and Xinru Yang and Ting Gan and Yonghong Liu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.12367},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12367},
}

@article{rout2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Forecasting for Dynamical Systems with Missing or Imperfect Data},
  author = {Siddharth Rout and Eldad Haber and Stéphane Gaudreault},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.12273},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12273},
}

@article{moustakas2025climate,
  title = {Climate land use and other drivers impacts on island ecosystem services: a global review},
  author = {Aristides Moustakas and Shiri Zemah-Shamir and Mirela Tase and Savvas Zotos and Nazli Demirel and Christos Zoumides and Irene Christoforidi and Turgay Dindaroglu and Tamer Albayrak and Cigdem Kaptan Ayhan and Mauro Fois and Paraskevi Manolaki and Attila D. Sandor and Ina Sieber and Valentini Stamatiadou and Elli Tzirkalli and Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis and Ziv Zemah-Shamir and George Zittis},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.10278},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10278},
}

@article{fernandez2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Errors using a Probabilistic Neural Network},
  author = {M. A. Fernandez and Elizabeth A. Barnes and Randal J. Barnes and Mark DeMaria and Marie McGraw and Galina Chirokova and Lixin Lu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.09840},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09840},
}

@article{prasse2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Climate Action: Computer Vision Analysis of Visual Narratives on X},
  author = {Katharina Prasse and Marcel Kleinmann and Inken Adam and Kerstin Beckersjuergen and Andreas Edte and Jona Frroku and Timotheus Gumpp and Steffen Jung and Isaac Bravo and Stefanie Walter and Margret Keuper},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.09361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09361},
}

@article{wei2025xai4extremes,
  title = {XAI4Extremes: An interpretable machine learning framework for understanding extreme-weather precursors under climate change},
  author = {Jiawen Wei and Aniruddha Bora and Vivek Oommen and Chenyu Dong and Juntao Yang and Jeff Adie and Chen Chen and Simon See and George Karniadakis and Gianmarco Mengaldo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.08163},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08163},
}

@article{barrett2025agile,
  title = {Agile Climate-Sensor Design and Calibration Algorithms Using Machine Learning: Experiments From Cape Point},
  author = {Travis Barrett and Amit Kumar Mishra},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.06777},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06777},
}

@article{zhao2025transforming,
  title = {Transforming Weather Data from Pixel to Latent Space},
  author = {Sijie Zhao and Feng Liu and Xueliang Zhang and Hao Chen and Tao Han and Junchao Gong and Ran Tao and Pengfeng Xiao and Lei Bai and Wanli Ouyang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.06623},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06623},
}

@article{meng2025physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-Informed Residual Neural Ordinary Differential Equations for Enhanced Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting},
  author = {Fan Meng},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.06436},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06436},
}

@article{pikovnik2025radiosondeconstrained,
  title = {Radiosonde-constrained reconstructions reveal a weakening Northern Hadley circulation},
  author = {Matic Pikovnik and Žiga Zaplotnik},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.05331},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05331},
}

@article{wu2025datadriven,
  title = {Data-Driven Probabilistic Air-Sea Flux Parameterization},
  author = {Jiarong Wu and Pavel Perezhogin and David John Gagne and Brandon Reichl and Aneesh C. Subramanian and Elizabeth Thompson and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.03990},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03990},
}

@article{yang2025generative,
  title = {Generative assimilation and prediction for weather and climate},
  author = {Shangshang Yang and Congyi Nai and Xinyan Liu and Weidong Li and Jie Chao and Jingnan Wang and Leyi Wang and Xichen Li and Xi Chen and Bo Lu and Ziniu Xiao and Niklas Boers and Huiling Yuan and Baoxiang Pan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.03038},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03038},
}

@article{shah2025generative,
  title = {Generative Modeling of Microweather Wind Velocities for Urban Air Mobility},
  author = {Tristan A. Shah and Michael C. Stanley and James E. Warner},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.02690},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02690},
}

@article{dinenis2025weaklyconstrained,
  title = {Weakly-Constrained 4D Var for Downscaling with Uncertainty using Data-Driven Surrogate Models},
  author = {Philip Dinenis and Vishwas Rao and Mihai Anitescu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.02665},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02665},
}

@article{niu2025mlphysical,
  title = {ML-Physical Fusion Models Are Accelerating the Paradigm Shift in Operational Typhoon Forecasting},
  author = {Zeyi Niu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.00424},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00424},
}

@article{sha2025investigating,
  title = {Investigating the use of terrain-following coordinates in AI-driven precipitation forecasts},
  author = {Yingkai Sha and John S. Schreck and William Chapman and David John Gagne},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2503.00332},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00332},
}

@article{loganathan2025regional,
  title = {Regional climate projections using a deep-learning-based model-ranking and downscaling framework: Application to European climate zones},
  author = {Parthiban Loganathan and Elias Zea and Ricardo Vinuesa and Evelyn Otero},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.20132},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20132},
}

@article{fernandez2025multiyeartodecadal,
  title = {Multi-Year-to-Decadal Temperature Prediction using a Machine Learning Model-Analog Framework},
  author = {M. A. Fernandez and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.17583},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17583},
}

@article{herrera2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatiotemporal Forecasting in Climate Data Using EOFs and Machine Learning Models: A Case Study in Chile},
  author = {Mauricio Herrera and Francisca Kleisinger and Andrés Wilsón},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.17495},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17495},
}

@article{jamaat2025update,
  title = {Update hydrological states or meteorological forcings? Comparing data assimilation methods for differentiable hydrologic models},
  author = {Amirmoez Jamaat and Yalan Song and Farshid Rahmani and Jiangtao Liu and Kathryn Lawson and Chaopeng Shen},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.16444},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16444},
}

@article{shi2025integrating,
  title = {Integrating Weather Station Data and Radar for Precipitation Nowcasting: SmaAt-fUsion and SmaAt-Krige-GNet},
  author = {Jie Shi and Aleksej Cornelissen and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.16116},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16116},
}

@article{xu2025ai,
  title = {AI Models Still Lag Behind Traditional Numerical Models in Predicting Sudden-Turning Typhoons},
  author = {Daosheng Xu and Zebin Lu and Jeremy Cheuk-Hin Leung and Dingchi Zhao and Yi Li and Yang Shi and Bin Chen and Gaozhen Nie and Naigeng Wu and Xiangjun Tian and Yi Yang and Shaoqing Zhang and Banglin Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.16036},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16036},
}

@article{wang2025feature,
  title = {Feature Engineering Approach to Building Load Prediction: A Case Study for Commercial Building Chiller Plant Optimization in Tropical Weather},
  author = {Zhan Wang and Chen Weidong and Huang Zhifeng and Md Raisul Islam and Chua Kian Jon},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.15780},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15780},
}

@article{ning2025study,
  title = {A Study on Monthly Marine Heatwave Forecasts in New Zealand: An Investigation of Imbalanced Regression Loss Functions with Neural Network Models},
  author = {Ding Ning and Varvara Vetrova and Sébastien Delaux and Rachael Tappenden and Karin R. Bryan and Yun Sing Koh},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.13495},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13495},
}

@article{yousefnia2025increasing,
  title = {Increasing NWP Thunderstorm Predictability Using Ensemble Data and Machine Learning},
  author = {Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia and Tobias Bölle and Christoph Metzl},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.13316},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13316},
}

@article{wang2025condensnet,
  title = {CondensNet: Enabling stable long-term climate simulations via hybrid deep learning models with adaptive physical constraints},
  author = {Xin Wang and Jianda Chen and Juntao Yang and Jeff Adie and Simon See and Kalli Furtado and Chen Chen and Troy Arcomano and Romit Maulik and Wei Xue and Gianmarco Mengaldo},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.13185},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13185},
}

@article{kheder2025deep,
  title = {Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Network for Air Quality Reanalysis},
  author = {Ammar Kheder and Benjamin Foreback and Lili Wang and Zhi-Song Liu and Michael Boy},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.11941},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11941},
}

@article{brettin2025uncertaintypermitting,
  title = {Uncertainty-permitting machine learning reveals sources of dynamic sea level predictability across daily-to-seasonal timescales},
  author = {Andrew Brettin and Laure Zanna and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.11293},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11293},
}

@article{li2025climatellm,
  title = {ClimateLLM: Efficient Weather Forecasting via Frequency-Aware Large Language Models},
  author = {Shixuan Li and Wei Yang and Peiyu Zhang and Xiongye Xiao and Defu Cao and Yuehan Qin and Xiaole Zhang and Yue Zhao and Paul Bogdan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.11059},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11059},
}

@article{chen2025skillful,
  title = {Skillful Nowcasting of Convective Clouds With a Cascade Diffusion Model},
  author = {Haoming Chen and Xiaohui Zhong and Qiang Zhai and Xiaomeng Li and Ying Wa Chan and Pak Wai Chan and Yuanyuan Huang and Hao Li and Xiaoming Shi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10957},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10957},
}

@article{loon2025reanalysisbased,
  title = {Reanalysis-based Global Radiative Response to Sea Surface Temperature Patterns: Evaluating the Ai2 Climate Emulator},
  author = {Senne Van Loon and Maria Rugenstein and Elizabeth A. Barnes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10893},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10893},
}

@article{schwabe2025opportunities,
  title = {Opportunities and challenges of quantum computing for climate modelling},
  author = {Mierk Schwabe and Lorenzo Pastori and Inés de Vega and Pierre Gentine and Luigi Iapichino and Valtteri Lahtinen and Martin Leib and Jeanette M. Lorenz and Veronika Eyring},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10488},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10488},
}

@article{pastori2025quantum,
  title = {Quantum Neural Networks for Cloud Cover Parameterizations in Climate Models},
  author = {Lorenzo Pastori and Arthur Grundner and Veronika Eyring and Mierk Schwabe},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.10131},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10131},
}

@article{taveekitworachai2025typhoon,
  title = {Typhoon T1: An Open Thai Reasoning Model},
  author = {Pittawat Taveekitworachai and Potsawee Manakul and Kasima Tharnpipitchai and Kunat Pipatanakul},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.09042},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09042},
}

@article{riechers2025discontinuous,
  title = {Discontinuous stochastic forcing in Greenland ice core data},
  author = {Keno Riechers and Andreas Morr and Klaus Lehnertz and Pedro G. Lind and Niklas Boers and Dirk Witthaut and Leonardo Rydin Gorjão},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.08460},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08460},
}

@article{tu2025satellite,
  title = {Satellite Observations Guided Diffusion Model for Accurate Meteorological States at Arbitrary Resolution},
  author = {Siwei Tu and Ben Fei and Weidong Yang and Fenghua Ling and Hao Chen and Zili Liu and Kun Chen and Hang Fan and Wanli Ouyang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.07814},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07814},
}

@article{ale2025advancing,
  title = {Advancing climate model interpretability: Feature attribution for Arctic melt anomalies},
  author = {Tolulope Ale and Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel and Vandana P. Janeja},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.07741},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07741},
}

@article{larsson2025diffusionlam,
  title = {Diffusion-LAM: Probabilistic Limited Area Weather Forecasting with Diffusion},
  author = {Erik Larsson and Joel Oskarsson and Tomas Landelius and Fredrik Lindsten},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.07532},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07532},
}

@article{schuler2025seasonal,
  title = {Seasonal Station-Keeping of Short Duration High Altitude Balloons using Deep Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Tristan K. Schuler and Chinthan Prasad and Georgiy Kiselev and Donald Sofge},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.05014},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05014},
}

@article{chen2025learning,
  title = {Learning low-dimensional representations of ensemble forecast fields using autoencoder-based methods},
  author = {Jieyu Chen and Kevin Höhlein and Sebastian Lerch},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.04409},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.04409},
}

@article{fan2025physically,
  title = {Physically Consistent Global Atmospheric Data Assimilation with Machine Learning in Latent Space},
  author = {Hang Fan and Lei Bai and Ben Fei and Yi Xiao and Kun Chen and Yubao Liu and Yongquan Qu and Fenghua Ling and Pierre Gentine},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.02884},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.02884},
}

@article{meunier2025learning,
  title = {Learning to generate physical ocean states: Towards hybrid climate modeling},
  author = {Etienne Meunier and David Kamm and Guillaume Gachon and Redouane Lguensat and Julie Deshayes},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.02499},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.02499},
}

@article{sudharsan2025enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing Near Real Time AI-NWP Hurricane Forecasts: Improving Explainability and Performance Through Physics-Based Models and Land Surface Feedback},
  author = {Naveen Sudharsan and Manmeet Singh and Sasanka Talukdar and Shyama Mohanty and Harsh Kamath and Krishna K. Osuri and Hassan Dashtian and Michael Young and Zong-Liang Yang and Clint Dawson and L. Ruby Leung and Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan and Avichal Mehra and Vijay Tallapragada and Dev Niyogi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.01797},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01797},
}

@article{fong2025predicting,
  title = {Predicting concentration levels of air pollutants by transfer learning and recurrent neural network},
  author = {Iat Hang Fong and Tengyue Li and Simon Fong and Raymond K. Wong and Antonio J. Tallón-Ballesteros},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.01654},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01654},
}

@article{gao2025oneforecast,
  title = {OneForecast: A Universal Framework for Global and Regional Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Yuan Gao and Hao Wu and Ruiqi Shu and Huanshuo Dong and Fan Xu and Rui Ray Chen and Yibo Yan and Qingsong Wen and Xuming Hu and Kun Wang and Jiahao Wu and Qing Li and Hui Xiong and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.00338},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00338},
}

@article{jahan2025uncertainty,
  title = {Uncertainty Quantification of Wind Gust Predictions in the Northeast United States: An Evidential Neural Network and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Approach},
  author = {Israt Jahan and John S. Schreck and David John Gagne and Charlie Becker and Marina Astitha},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.00300},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00300},
}

@article{subich2025fixing,
  title = {Fixing the Double Penalty in Data-Driven Weather Forecasting Through a Modified Spherical Harmonic Loss Function},
  author = {Christopher Subich and Syed Zahid Husain and Leo Separovic and Jing Yang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.19374},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.19374},
}

@article{deng2025probabilistic,
  title = {Probabilistic Joint Recovery Method for CO$_2$ Plume Monitoring},
  author = {Zijun Deng and Rafael Orozco and Abhinav Prakash Gahlot and Felix J. Herrmann},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.18761},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.18761},
}

@article{jinno2025longterm,
  title = {Long-term prediction of El Niño-Southern Oscillation using reservoir computing with data-driven realtime filter},
  author = {Takuya Jinno and Takahito Mitsui and Kengo Nakai and Yoshitaka Saiki and Tsuyoshi Yoneda},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.17781},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.17781},
}

@article{li2025rainer,
  title = {RAINER: A Robust Ensemble Learning Grid Search-Tuned Framework for Rainfall Patterns Prediction},
  author = {Zhenqi Li and Junhao Zhong and Hewei Wang and Jinfeng Xu and Yijie Li and Jinjiang You and Jiayi Zhang and Runzhi Wu and Soumyabrata Dev},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.16900},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16900},
}

@article{chen2025flowdas,
  title = {FlowDAS: A Stochastic Interpolant-based Framework for Data Assimilation},
  author = {Siyi Chen and Yixuan Jia and Qing Qu and He Sun and Jeffrey A Fessler},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.16642},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16642},
}

@article{tsoi2025generative,
  title = {Using Generative Models to Produce Realistic Populations of UK Windstorms},
  author = {Yee Chun Tsoi and Kieran M. R. Hunt and Len Shaffrey and Atta Badii and Richard Dixon and Ludovico Nicotina},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.16110},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16110},
}

@article{ren2025improving,
  title = {Improving Tropical Cyclone Forecasting With Video Diffusion Models},
  author = {Zhibo Ren and Pritthijit Nath and Pancham Shukla},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.16003},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16003},
}

@article{tazi2025refined,
  title = {Refined climatologies of future precipitation over High Mountain Asia using probabilistic ensemble learning},
  author = {Kenza Tazi and Sun Woo P. Kim and Marc Girona-Mata and Richard E. Turner},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.15690},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15690},
}

@article{wang2025deep,
  title = {A Deep State Space Model for Rainfall-Runoff Simulations},
  author = {Yihan Wang and Lujun Zhang and Annan Yu and N. Benjamin Erichson and Tiantian Yang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.14980},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14980},
}

@article{merizzi2025controlling,
  title = {Controlling Ensemble Variance in Diffusion Models: An Application for Reanalyses Downscaling},
  author = {Fabio Merizzi and Davide Evangelista and Harilaos Loukos},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.14822},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14822},
}

@article{liu2025kolmogorov,
  title = {Kolmogorov Arnold Neural Interpolator for Downscaling and Correcting Meteorological Fields from In-Situ Observations},
  author = {Zili Liu and Hao Chen and Lei Bai and Wenyuan Li and Zhengxia Zou and Zhenwei Shi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.14404},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14404},
}

@article{yang2025tensorvar,
  title = {Tensor-Var: Efficient Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation},
  author = {Yiming Yang and Xiaoyuan Cheng and Daniel Giles and Sibo Cheng and Yi He and Xiao Xue and Boli Chen and Yukun Hu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.13312},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.13312},
}

@article{fu2025learning,
  title = {Learning General Causal Structures with Hidden Dynamic Process for Climate Analysis},
  author = {Minghao Fu and Biwei Huang and Zijian Li and Yujia Zheng and Ignavier Ng and Guangyi Chen and Yingyao Hu and Kun Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.12500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12500},
}

@article{liang2025ensemble,
  title = {Ensemble score filter with image inpainting for data assimilation in tracking surface quasi-geostrophic dynamics with partial observations},
  author = {Siming Liang and Hoang Tran and Feng Bao and Hristo G. Chipilski and Peter Jan van Leeuwen and Guannan Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.12419},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12419},
}

@article{manteiga2025disentangling,
  title = {Disentangling stellar atmospheric parameters in astronomical spectra using Generative Adversarial Neural Networks},
  author = {Minia Manteiga and Raúl Santoveña and Marco A. Álvarez and Carlos Dafonte and Manuel G. Penedo and Silvana Navarro and Luis Corral},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.11762},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11762},
}

@article{ahmad2025spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatiotemporal Air Quality Mapping in Urban Areas Using Sparse Sensor Data, Satellite Imagery, Meteorological Factors, and Spatial Features},
  author = {Osama Ahmad and Zubair Khalid and Muhammad Tahir and Momin Uppal},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.11270},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11270},
}

@article{sen2025qgaphensemble,
  title = {QGAPHEnsemble : Combining Hybrid QLSTM Network Ensemble via Adaptive Weighting for Short Term Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Anuvab Sen and Udayon Sen and Mayukhi Paul and Apurba Prasad Padhy and Sujith Sai and Aakash Mallik and Chhandak Mallick},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.10866},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.10866},
}

@article{song2025physically,
  title = {Physically Interpretable Emulation of a Moist Convecting Atmosphere with a Recurrent Neural Network},
  author = {Qiyu Song and Zhiming Kuang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.08513},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08513},
}

@article{ehlers2025physicsinformed,
  title = {Physics-informed neural networks for phase-resolved data assimilation and prediction of nonlinear ocean waves},
  author = {Svenja Ehlers and Norbert Hoffmann and Tianning Tang and Adrian H. Callaghan and Rui Cao and Enrique M. Padilla and Yuxin Fang and Merten Stender},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.08430},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08430},
}

@article{dai2025precipdiff,
  title = {PrecipDiff: Leveraging image diffusion models to enhance satellite-based precipitation observations},
  author = {Ting-Yu Dai and Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.07447},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07447},
}

@article{shi2025deep,
  title = {Deep Learning and Foundation Models for Weather Prediction: A Survey},
  author = {Jimeng Shi and Azam Shirali and Bowen Jin and Sizhe Zhou and Wei Hu and Rahuul Rangaraj and Shaowen Wang and Jiawei Han and Zhaonan Wang and Upmanu Lall and Yanzhao Wu and Leonardo Bobadilla and Giri Narasimhan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.06907},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06907},
}

@article{ning2025diving,
  title = {Diving Deep: Forecasting Sea Surface Temperatures and Anomalies},
  author = {Ding Ning and Varvara Vetrova and Karin R. Bryan and Yun Sing Koh and Andreas Voskou and N'Dah Jean Kouagou and Arnab Sharma},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.05731},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.05731},
}

@article{sha2025improving,
  title = {Improving AI weather prediction models using global mass and energy conservation schemes},
  author = {Yingkai Sha and John S. Schreck and William Chapman and David John Gagne},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.05648},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.05648},
}

@article{lupinjimenez2025simultaneous,
  title = {Simultaneous emulation and downscaling with physically-consistent deep learning-based regional ocean emulators},
  author = {Leonard Lupin-Jimenez and Moein Darman and Subhashis Hazarika and Tianning Wu and Michael Gray and Ruyoing He and Anthony Wong and Ashesh Chattopadhyay},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.05058},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.05058},
}

@article{xia2025aidriven,
  title = {AI-Driven Reinvention of Hydrological Modeling for Accurate Predictions and Interpretation to Transform Earth System Modeling},
  author = {Cuihui Xia and Lei Yue and Deliang Chen and Yuyang Li and Hongqiang Yang and Ancheng Xue and Zhiqiang Li and Qing He and Guoqing Zhang and Dambaru Ballab Kattel and Lei Lei and Ming Zhou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.04733},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.04733},
}

@article{rabault2025data,
  title = {Data fusion of complementary data sources using Machine Learning enables higher accuracy Solar Resource Maps},
  author = {J Rabault and ML Sætra and A Dobler and S Eastwood and E Berge},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.04381},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.04381},
}

@article{kassel2025utilizing,
  title = {Utilizing long memory and circulation patterns for stochastic forecasts of temperature extremes},
  author = {Johannes A. Kassel and Holger Kantz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.03267},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03267},
}

@article{he2025skillful,
  title = {Skillful High-Resolution Ensemble Precipitation Forecasting with an Integrated Deep Learning Framework},
  author = {Shuangshuang He and Hongli Liang and Yuanting Zhang and Xingyuan Yuan},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.02905},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.02905},
}

@article{tsoi2025analogue,
  title = {Analogue Forecast System for Daily Precipitation Prediction Using Autoencoder Feature Extraction: Application in Hong Kong},
  author = {Yee Chun Tsoi and Yu Ting Kwok and Ming Chun Lam and Wai Kin Wong},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.02814},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.02814},
}

@article{tao2025lwfnet,
  title = {LWFNet: Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar-Based Network for Wind Field Retrieval},
  author = {Ran Tao and Chong Wang and Hao Chen and Mingjiao Jia and Xiang Shang and Luoyuan Qu and Guoliang Shentu and Yanyu Lu and Yanfeng Huo and Lei Bai and Xianghui Xue and Xiankang Dou},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.02613},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.02613},
}

@article{minor2025learning,
  title = {Learning Physically Interpretable Atmospheric Models from Data with WSINDy},
  author = {Seth Minor and Daniel A. Messenger and Vanja Dukic and David M. Bortz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.00738},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00738},
}

@article{nath2024mercury,
  title = {MERCURY: A fast and versatile multi-resolution based global emulator of compound climate hazards},
  author = {Shruti Nath and Julie Carreau and Kai Kornhuber and Peter Pfleiderer and Carl-Friedrich Schleussner and Philippe Naveau},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2501.04018},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.04018},
}

@article{jiang2024lasse,
  title = {LASSE: Learning Active Sampling for Storm Tide Extremes in Non-Stationary Climate Regimes},
  author = {Grace Jiang and Jiangchao Qiu and Sai Ravela},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2501.00149},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00149},
}

@article{sun2024back,
  title = {Back To The Future: A Hybrid Transformer-XGBoost Model for Action-oriented Future-proofing Nowcasting},
  author = {Ziheng Sun},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.19832},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19832},
}

@article{zhao2024omghd,
  title = {OMG-HD: A High-Resolution AI Weather Model for End-to-End Forecasts from Observations},
  author = {Pengcheng Zhao and Jiang Bian and Zekun Ni and Weixin Jin and Jonathan Weyn and Zuliang Fang and Siqi Xiang and Haiyu Dong and Bin Zhang and Hongyu Sun and Kit Thambiratnam and Qi Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.18239},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.18239},
}

@article{yang2024langya,
  title = {LangYa: Revolutionizing Cross-Spatiotemporal Ocean Forecasting},
  author = {Nan Yang and Chong Wang and Meihua Zhao and Zimeng Zhao and Huiling Zheng and Bin Zhang and Jianing Wang and Xiaofeng Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.18097},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.18097},
}

@article{slivinski2024assimilating,
  title = {Assimilating Observed Surface Pressure into ML Weather Prediction Models},
  author = {Laura C. Slivinski and Jeffrey S. Whitaker and Sergey Frolov and Timothy A. Smith and Niraj Agarwal},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.18016},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.18016},
}

@article{gou2024uncertainties,
  title = {Uncertainties of Satellite-based Essential Climate Variables from Deep Learning},
  author = {Junyang Gou and Arnt-Børre Salberg and Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi and Mohammad J. Tourian and Ulrich Meyer and Eva Boergens and Anders U. Waldeland and Isabella Velicogna and Fredrik Dahl and Adrian Jäggi and Konrad Schindler and Benedikt Soja},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.17506},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17506},
}

@article{wang2024tsformer,
  title = {TSformer: A Non-autoregressive Spatial-temporal Transformers for 30-day Ocean Eddy-Resolving Forecasting},
  author = {Guosong Wang and Min Hou and Mingyue Qin and Xinrong Wu and Zhigang Gao and Guofang Chao and Xiaoshuang Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.17392},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17392},
}

@article{salcedo2024graph,
  title = {Graph Learning-based Regional Heavy Rainfall Prediction Using Low-Cost Rain Gauges},
  author = {Edwin Salcedo},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16842},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16842},
}

@article{wang2024paraformer,
  title = {Paraformer: Parameterization of Sub-grid Scale Processes Using Transformers},
  author = {Shuochen Wang and Nishant Yadav and Auroop R. Ganguly},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16763},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16763},
}

@article{shan2024correlation,
  title = {From Correlation to Causation: Understanding Climate Change through Causal Analysis and LLM Interpretations},
  author = {Shan Shan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16691},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16691},
}

@article{saha2024rapidb,
  title = {Rapid Climate Model Downscaling to Assess Risk of Extreme Rainfall in Bangladesh in a Warming Climate},
  author = {Anamitra Saha and Sai Ravela},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.16407},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16407},
}

@article{li2024selfsupervised,
  title = {Self-supervised Spatial-Temporal Learner for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Haotian Li and Arno Siebes and Siamak Mehrkanoon},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.15917},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15917},
}

@article{lang2024aifscrps,
  title = {AIFS-CRPS: Ensemble forecasting using a model trained with a loss function based on the Continuous Ranked Probability Score},
  author = {Simon Lang and Mihai Alexe and Mariana C. A. Clare and Christopher Roberts and Rilwan Adewoyin and Zied Ben Bouallègue and Matthew Chantry and Jesper Dramsch and Peter D. Dueben and Sara Hahner and Pedro Maciel and Ana Prieto-Nemesio and Cathal O'Brien and Florian Pinault and Jan Polster and Baudouin Raoult and Steffen Tietsche and Martin Leutbecher},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.15832},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15832},
}

@article{alexe2024graphdop,
  title = {GraphDOP: Towards skilful data-driven medium-range weather forecasts learnt and initialised directly from observations},
  author = {Mihai Alexe and Eulalie Boucher and Peter Lean and Ewan Pinnington and Patrick Laloyaux and Anthony McNally and Simon Lang and Matthew Chantry and Chris Burrows and Marcin Chrust and Florian Pinault and Ethel Villeneuve and Niels Bormann and Sean Healy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.15687},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15687},
}

@article{shu2024improved,
  title = {Improved Forecasts of Global Extreme Marine Heatwaves Through a Physics-guided Data-driven Approach},
  author = {Ruiqi Shu and Hao Wu and Yuan Gao and Fanghua Xu and Ruijian Gou and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.15532},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15532},
}

@article{schmidt2024generative,
  title = {A Generative Framework for Probabilistic, Spatiotemporally Coherent Downscaling of Climate Simulation},
  author = {Jonathan Schmidt and Luca Schmidt and Felix Strnad and Nicole Ludwig and Philipp Hennig},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.15361},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15361},
}

@article{radhakrishnan2024continuous,
  title = {Continuous latent representations for modeling precipitation with deep learning},
  author = {Gokul Radhakrishnan and Rahul Sundar and Nishant Parashar and Antoine Blanchard and Daiwei Wang and Boyko Dodov},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.14620},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14620},
}

@article{lyu2024downscaling,
  title = {Downscaling Precipitation with Bias-informed Conditional Diffusion Model},
  author = {Ran Lyu and Linhan Wang and Yanshen Sun and Hedanqiu Bai and Chang-Tien Lu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.14539},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14539},
}

@article{poecke2024selfattentive,
  title = {Self-attentive Transformer for Fast and Accurate Postprocessing of Temperature and Wind Speed Forecasts},
  author = {Aaron Van Poecke and Tobias Sebastian Finn and Ruoke Meng and Joris Van den Bergh and Geert Smet and Jonathan Demaeyer and Piet Termonia and Hossein Tabari and Peter Hellinckx},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.13957},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13957},
}

@article{pipatanakul2024typhoon,
  title = {Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Models},
  author = {Kunat Pipatanakul and Potsawee Manakul and Natapong Nitarach and Warit Sirichotedumrong and Surapon Nonesung and Teetouch Jaknamon and Parinthapat Pengpun and Pittawat Taveekitworachai and Adisai Na-Thalang and Sittipong Sripaisarnmongkol and Krisanapong Jirayoot and Kasima Tharnpipitchai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.13702},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13702},
}

@article{sundar2024taudiff,
  title = {TAUDiff: Highly efficient kilometer-scale downscaling using generative diffusion models},
  author = {Rahul Sundar and Yucong Hu and Nishant Parashar and Antoine Blanchard and Boyko Dodov},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.13627},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13627},
}

@article{zheng2024generating,
  title = {Generating Unseen Nonlinear Evolution in Sea Surface Temperature Using a Deep Learning-Based Latent Space Data Assimilation Framework},
  author = {Qingyu Zheng and Guijun Han and Wei Li and Lige Cao and Gongfu Zhou and Haowen Wu and Qi Shao and Ru Wang and Xiaobo Wu and Xudong Cui and Hong Li and Xuan Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.13477},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13477},
}

@article{couairon2024archesweather,
  title = {ArchesWeather & ArchesWeatherGen: a deterministic and generative model for efficient ML weather forecasting},
  author = {Guillaume Couairon and Renu Singh and Anastase Charantonis and Christian Lessig and Claire Monteleoni},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.12971},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12971},
}

@article{eshraghi2024adopting,
  title = {Adopting Explainable-AI to investigate the impact of urban morphology design on energy and environmental performance in dry-arid climates},
  author = {Pegah Eshraghi and Riccardo Talami and Arman Nikkhah Dehnavi and Maedeh Mirdamadi and Zahra-Sadat Zomorodian},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.12183},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12183},
}

@article{forootani2024climate,
  title = {Climate Aware Deep Neural Networks (CADNN) for Wind Power Simulation},
  author = {Ali Forootani and Danial Esmaeili Aliabadi and Daniela Thraen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.12160},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12160},
}

@article{park2024datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven Precipitation Nowcasting Using Satellite Imagery},
  author = {Young-Jae Park and Doyi Kim and Minseok Seo and Hae-Gon Jeon and Yeji Choi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.11480},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.11480},
}

@article{dong2024quantifying,
  title = {Quantifying Climate Change Impacts on Renewable Energy Generation: A Super-Resolution Recurrent Diffusion Model},
  author = {Xiaochong Dong and Jun Dan and Yingyun Sun and Yang Liu and Xuemin Zhang and Shengwei Mei},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.11399},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.11399},
}

@article{fernandezgodino2024staged,
  title = {A Staged Deep Learning Approach to Spatial Refinement in 3D Temporal Atmospheric Transport},
  author = {M. Giselle Fernández-Godino and Wai Tong Chung and Akshay A. Gowardhan and Matthias Ihme and Qingkai Kong and Donald D. Lucas and Stephen C. Myers},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.10945},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10945},
}

@article{xie2024global,
  title = {Global Estimation of Subsurface Eddy Kinetic Energy of Mesoscale Eddies Using a Multiple-input Residual Neural Network},
  author = {Chenyue Xie and An-Kang Gao and Xiyun Lu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.10656},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10656},
}

@article{zhang2024regional,
  title = {Regional Weather Variable Predictions by Machine Learning with Near-Surface Observational and Atmospheric Numerical Data},
  author = {Yihe Zhang and Bryce Turney and Purushottam Sigdel and Xu Yuan and Eric Rappin and Adrian Lago and Sytske Kimball and Li Chen and Paul Darby and Lu Peng and Sercan Aygun and Yazhou Tu and M. Hassan Najafi and Nian-Feng Tzeng},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.10450},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10450},
}

@article{hsu2024quantum,
  title = {Quantum Kernel-Based Long Short-term Memory for Climate Time-Series Forecasting},
  author = {Yu-Chao Hsu and Nan-Yow Chen and Tai-Yu Li and Po-Heng and Lee and Kuan-Cheng Chen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.08851},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08851},
}

@article{nai2024boosting,
  title = {Boosting weather forecast via generative superensemble},
  author = {Congyi Nai and Xi Chen and Shangshang Yang and Yuan Liang and Ziniu Xiao and Baoxiang Pan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.08377},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08377},
}

@article{wan2024regional,
  title = {Regional climate risk assessment from climate models using probabilistic machine learning},
  author = {Zhong Yi Wan and Ignacio Lopez-Gomez and Robert Carver and Tapio Schneider and John Anderson and Fei Sha and Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.08079},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08079},
}

@article{guevara2024enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing operational wind downscaling capabilities over Canada: Application of a Conditional Wasserstein GAN methodology},
  author = {Jorge Guevara and Victor Nascimento and Johannes Schmude and Daniel Salles and Simon Corbeil-Létourneau and Madalina Surcel and Dominique Brunet},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.06958},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06958},
}

@article{mukhin2024metastability,
  title = {Metastability, atmospheric midlatitude circulation regimes and large-scale teleconnection: a data-driven approach},
  author = {Dmitry Mukhin and Roman Samoilov and Abdel Hannachi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.06933},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06933},
}

@article{charbonneau2024physicsconstrained,
  title = {A Physics-Constrained Neural Differential Equation Framework for Data-Driven Snowpack Simulation},
  author = {Andrew Charbonneau and Katherine Deck and Tapio Schneider},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.06819},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06819},
}

@article{maddison2024online,
  title = {Online learning in idealized ocean gyres},
  author = {James R. Maddison},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.06393},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06393},
}

@article{lee2024selfsupervised,
  title = {Self-Supervised Learning with Probabilistic Density Labeling for Rainfall Probability Estimation},
  author = {Junha Lee and Sojung An and Sujeong You and Namik Cho},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.05825},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05825},
}

@article{lee2024aipowered,
  title = {AI-powered Digital Twin of the Ocean: Reliable Uncertainty Quantification for Real-time Wave Height Prediction with Deep Ensemble},
  author = {Dongeon Lee and Sunwoong Yang and Jae-Won Oh and Su-Gil Cho and Sanghyuk Kim and Namwoo Kang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.05475},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05475},
}

@article{aouni2024glonet,
  title = {GLONET: Mercator's end-to-end neural Global Ocean forecasting system},
  author = {Anass El Aouni and Quentin Gaudel and Charly Regnier and Simon Van Gennip and Olivier Le Galloudec and Marie Drevillon and Yann Drillet and Jean-Michel Lellouche},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.05454},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05454},
}

@article{wang2024machine,
  title = {Using Machine Learning to Discover Parsimonious and Physically-Interpretable Representations of Catchment-Scale Rainfall-Runoff Dynamics},
  author = {Yuan-Heng Wang and Hoshin V. Gupta},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.04845},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04845},
}

@article{ning2024advancing,
  title = {Advancing Marine Heatwave Forecasts: An Integrated Deep Learning Approach},
  author = {Ding Ning and Varvara Vetrova and Yun Sing Koh and Karin R. Bryan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.04475},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04475},
}

@article{clark2024ace2som,
  title = {ACE2-SOM: Coupling an ML atmospheric emulator to a slab ocean and learning the sensitivity of climate to changed CO$_2$},
  author = {Spencer K. Clark and Oliver Watt-Meyer and Anna Kwa and Jeremy McGibbon and Brian Henn and W. Andre Perkins and Elynn Wu and Lucas M. Harris and Christopher S. Bretherton},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.04418},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04418},
}

@article{dheeshjith2024samudra,
  title = {Samudra: An AI Global Ocean Emulator for Climate},
  author = {Surya Dheeshjith and Adam Subel and Alistair Adcroft and Julius Busecke and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Shubham Gupta and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.03795},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03795},
}

@article{rochas2024contextual,
  title = {Contextual Data Integration for Bike-sharing Demand Prediction with Graph Neural Networks in Degraded Weather Conditions},
  author = {Romain Rochas and Angelo Furno and Nour-Eddin El Faouzi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.03307},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.03307},
}

@article{shinde2024wxcbench,
  title = {WxC-Bench: A Novel Dataset for Weather and Climate Downstream Tasks},
  author = {Rajat Shinde and Christopher E. Phillips and Kumar Ankur and Aman Gupta and Simon Pfreundschuh and Sujit Roy and Sheyenne Kirkland and Vishal Gaur and Amy Lin and Aditi Sheshadri and Udaysankar Nair and Manil Maskey and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.02780},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02780},
}

@article{seal2024dyffcast,
  title = {DYffCast: Regional Precipitation Nowcasting Using IMERG Satellite Data. A case study over South America},
  author = {Daniel Seal and Rossella Arcucci and Salva Rühling-Cachay and César Quilodrán-Casas},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.02723},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02723},
}

@article{gui2024advancing,
  title = {Advancing global aerosol forecasting with artificial intelligence},
  author = {Ke Gui and Xutao Zhang and Huizheng Che and Lei Li and Yu Zheng and Linchang An and Yucong Miao and Hujia Zhao and Oleg Dubovik and Brent Holben and Jun Wang and Pawan Gupta and Elena S. Lind and Carlos Toledano and Hong Wang and Zhili Wang and Yaqiang Wang and Xiaomeng Huang and Kan Dai and Xiangao Xia and Xiaofeng Xu and Xiaoye Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.02498},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02498},
}

@article{wen2024duocast,
  title = {DuoCast: Duo-Probabilistic Diffusion for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Penghui Wen and Mengwei He and Patrick Filippi and Na Zhao and Feng Zhang and Thomas Francis Bishop and Zhiyong Wang and Kun Hu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.01091},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01091},
}

@article{tian2024jacobianenforced,
  title = {Jacobian-Enforced Neural Networks (JENN) for Improved Data Assimilation Consistency in Dynamical Models},
  author = {Xiaoxu Tian},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.01013},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01013},
}

@article{skok2024smoothing,
  title = {Smoothing and spatial verification of global fields},
  author = {Gregor Skok and Katarina Kosovelj},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2412.00936},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.00936},
}

@article{mirhoseini2024learning,
  title = {Learning Surrogate Rainfall-driven Inundation Models with Few Data},
  author = {Marzieh Alireza Mirhoseini},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.19323},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19323},
}

@article{tian2024improving,
  title = {Improving sub-seasonal wind-speed forecasts in Europe with a non-linear model},
  author = {Ganglin Tian and Camille Le Coz and Anastase Alexandre Charantonis and Alexis Tantet and Naveen Goutham and Riwal Plougonven},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.19077},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19077},
}

@article{sunil2024assessing,
  title = {Assessing the potential of state-of-the-art machine learning and physics-informed machine learning in predicting sea surface temperature},
  author = {Akshay Sunil and B Deepthi and Gaurav Ganjir and Muhammed Rashid and Rahul Sreedhar and Adarsh S},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.19031},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19031},
}

@article{majumder2024density,
  title = {Density correction for multivariate spatial fields of global climate model output using deep learning},
  author = {Reetam Majumder and Shiqi Fang and A. Sankarasubramanian and Emily C. Hector and Brian J. Reich},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.18799},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.18799},
}

@article{kamangir2024cmavit,
  title = {CMAViT: Integrating Climate, Managment, and Remote Sensing Data for Crop Yield Estimation with Multimodel Vision Transformers},
  author = {Hamid Kamangir and Brent. S. Sams and Nick Dokoozlian and Luis Sanchez and J. Mason. Earles},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.16989},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16989},
}

@article{xiang2024adaf,
  title = {ADAF: An Artificial Intelligence Data Assimilation Framework for Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Yanfei Xiang and Weixin Jin and Haiyu Dong and Mingliang Bai and Zuliang Fang and Pengcheng Zhao and Hongyu Sun and Kit Thambiratnam and Qi Zhang and Xiaomeng Huang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.16807},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16807},
}

@article{guo2024maximizing,
  title = {Maximizing the Impact of Deep Learning on Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Climate Forecasting: The Essential Role of Optimization},
  author = {Yizhen Guo and Tian Zhou and Wanyi Jiang and Bo Wu and Liang Sun and Rong Jin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.16728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16728},
}

@article{kitamoto2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for the Digital Typhoon Dataset: Extensions to Multiple Basins and New Developments in Representations and Tasks},
  author = {Asanobu Kitamoto and Erwan Dzik and Gaspar Faure},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.16421},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16421},
}

@article{glawion2024global,
  title = {Global spatio-temporal downscaling of ERA5 precipitation through generative AI},
  author = {Luca Glawion and Julius Polz and Harald Kunstmann and Benjamin Fersch and Christian Chwala},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.16098},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16098},
}

@article{mishra2024developing,
  title = {Developing Global Aerosol Models based on the Analysis of 30-Year Ground Measurements by AERONET (AEROEX models) and Implication on Satellite based Aerosol Retrievals},
  author = {Manoj K Mishra and Shameela S F and Pradyuman Singh Rathore},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.15518},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15518},
}

@article{quayesam2024comparison,
  title = {A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Sea Surface Temperature in the Great Barrier Reef Region},
  author = {Dennis Quayesam and Jacob Akubire and Oliveira Darkwah},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.15202},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15202},
}

@article{curran2024resolutionagnostic,
  title = {Resolution-Agnostic Transformer-based Climate Downscaling},
  author = {Declan Curran and Hira Saleem and Sanaa Hobeichi and Flora Salim},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14774},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14774},
}

@article{chekroun2024kolmogorov,
  title = {Kolmogorov Modes and Linear Response of Jump-Diffusion Models},
  author = {Mickaël D. Chekroun and Niccolò Zagli and Valerio Lucarini},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14769},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14769},
}

@article{tian2024exploring,
  title = {Exploring the Use of Machine Learning Weather Models in Data Assimilation},
  author = {Xiaoxu Tian and Daniel Holdaway and Daryl Kleist},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14677},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14677},
}

@article{tseng2024distribution,
  title = {Distribution of plastics of various sizes and densities in the global ocean from a 3D Eulerian model},
  author = {Zih-En Tseng and Yue Wu and Dimitris Menemenlis and Guangyao Wang and Chris Ruf and Yulin Pan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14335},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14335},
}

@article{giani2024origin,
  title = {Origin and Limits of Invariant Warming Patterns in Climate Models},
  author = {Paolo Giani and Arlene M. Fiore and Glenn Flierl and Raffaele Ferrari and Noelle E. Selin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14183},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14183},
}

@article{yan2024adjointbased,
  title = {Adjoint-based online learning of two-layer quasi-geostrophic baroclinic turbulence},
  author = {Fei Er Yan and Hugo Frezat and Julien Le Sommer and Julian Mak and Karl Otness},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.14106},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14106},
}

@article{chishtie2024advancing,
  title = {Advancing Heatwave Forecasting via Distribution Informed-Graph Neural Networks (DI-GNNs): Integrating Extreme Value Theory with GNNs},
  author = {Farrukh A. Chishtie and Dominique Brunet and Rachel H. White and Daniel Michelson and Jing Jiang and Vicky Lucas and Emily Ruboonga and Sayana Imaash and Melissa Westland and Timothy Chui and Rana Usman Ali and Mujtaba Hassan and Roland Stull and David Hudak},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.13496},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.13496},
}

@article{ji2024leadseeprecip,
  title = {Leadsee-Precip: A Deep Learning Diagnostic Model for Precipitation},
  author = {Weiwen Ji and Jin Feng and Yueqi Liu and Yulu Qiu and Hua Gao},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.12640},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12640},
}

@article{tallarico2024neural,
  title = {Neural and Time-Series Approaches for Pricing Weather Derivatives: Performance and Regime Adaptation Using Satellite Data},
  author = {Marco Hening Tallarico and Pablo Olivares},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.12013},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12013},
}

@article{wattmeyer2024ace2,
  title = {ACE2: Accurately learning subseasonal to decadal atmospheric variability and forced responses},
  author = {Oliver Watt-Meyer and Brian Henn and Jeremy McGibbon and Spencer K. Clark and Anna Kwa and W. Andre Perkins and Elynn Wu and Lucas Harris and Christopher S. Bretherton},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.11268},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11268},
}

@article{eftekhari2024building,
  title = {Building Interpretable Climate Emulators for Economics},
  author = {Aryan Eftekhari and Doris Folini and Aleksandra Friedl and Felix Kübler and Simon Scheidegger and Olaf Schenk},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10768},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10768},
}

@article{ling2024fengwuw2s,
  title = {FengWu-W2S: A deep learning model for seamless weather-to-subseasonal forecast of global atmosphere},
  author = {Fenghua Ling and Kang Chen and Jiye Wu and Tao Han and Jing-Jia Luo and Wanli Ouyang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10191},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10191},
}

@article{wei2024dayu,
  title = {DaYu: Data-Driven Model for Geostationary Satellite Observed Cloud Images Forecasting},
  author = {Xujun Wei and Feng Zhang and Renhe Zhang and Wenwen Li and Cuiping Liu and Bin Guo and Jingwei Li and Haoyang Fu and Xu Tang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10144},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10144},
}

@article{quilodrancasas2024unearthing,
  title = {Towards unearthing neglected climate innovations from scientific literature using Large Language Models},
  author = {César Quilodrán-Casas and Christopher Waite and Nicole Alhadeff and Diyona Dsouza and Cathal Hughes and Larissa Kunstel-Tabet and Alyssa Gilbert},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10055},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10055},
}

@article{kudo2024deepmedcast,
  title = {DeepMedcast: A Deep Learning Method for Generating Intermediate Weather Forecasts among Multiple NWP Models},
  author = {Atsushi Kudo},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.10010},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10010},
}

@article{hou2024investesg,
  title = {InvestESG: A multi-agent reinforcement learning benchmark for studying climate investment as a social dilemma},
  author = {Xiaoxuan Hou and Jiayi Yuan and Joel Z. Leibo and Natasha Jaques},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.09856},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.09856},
}

@article{quattromini2024mean,
  title = {Mean flow data assimilation using physics-constrained Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {M. Quattromini and M. A. Bucci and S. Cherubini and O. Semeraro},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.09476},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.09476},
}

@article{carpentieri2024datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven Surface Solar Irradiance Estimation using Neural Operators at Global Scale},
  author = {Alberto Carpentieri and Jussi Leinonen and Jeff Adie and Boris Bonev and Doris Folini and Farah Hariri},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.08843},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.08843},
}

@article{schreck2024community,
  title = {Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin (CREDIT)},
  author = {John Schreck and Yingkai Sha and William Chapman and Dhamma Kimpara and Judith Berner and Seth McGinnis and Arnold Kazadi and Negin Sobhani and Ben Kirk and David John Gagne},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.07814},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07814},
}

@article{agarwal2024spatially,
  title = {Spatially Regularized Graph Attention Autoencoder Framework for Detecting Rainfall Extremes},
  author = {Mihir Agarwal and Progyan Das and Udit Bhatia},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.07753},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07753},
}

@article{gultekin2024analysis,
  title = {An Analysis of Deep Learning Parameterizations for Ocean Subgrid Eddy Forcing},
  author = {Cem Gultekin and Adam Subel and Cheng Zhang and Matan Leibovich and Pavel Perezhogin and Alistair Adcroft and Carlos Fernandez-Granda and Laure Zanna},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.06604},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06604},
}

@article{reeze2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning-based Denoising of Surface Solar Irradiance simulated with Monte Carlo Ray Tracing},
  author = {Ment Reeze and Menno A. Veerman and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.06574},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06574},
}

@article{xu2024hiha,
  title = {HiHa: Introducing Hierarchical Harmonic Decomposition to Implicit Neural Compression for Atmospheric Data},
  author = {Zhewen Xu and Baoxiang Pan and Hongliang Li and Xiaohui Wei},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.06155},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06155},
}

@article{buster2024tackling,
  title = {Tackling extreme urban heat: a machine learning approach to assess the impacts of climate change and the efficacy of climate adaptation strategies in urban microclimates},
  author = {Grant Buster and Jordan Cox and Brandon N. Benton and Ryan N. King},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05952},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05952},
}

@article{gonzalezabad2024deep,
  title = {Are Deep Learning Methods Suitable for Downscaling Global Climate Projections? An Intercomparison for Temperature and Precipitation over Spain},
  author = {Jose González-Abad and José Manuel Gutiérrez},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05850},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05850},
}

@article{zhao2024weathergfm,
  title = {WeatherGFM: Learning A Weather Generalist Foundation Model via In-context Learning},
  author = {Xiangyu Zhao and Zhiwang Zhou and Wenlong Zhang and Yihao Liu and Xiangyu Chen and Junchao Gong and Hao Chen and Ben Fei and Shiqi Chen and Wanli Ouyang and Xiao-Ming Wu and Lei Bai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05420},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05420},
}

@article{choi2024advancing,
  title = {Advancing Meteorological Forecasting: AI-based Approach to Synoptic Weather Map Analysis},
  author = {Yo-Hwan Choi and Seon-Yu Kang and Minjong Cheon},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05384},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05384},
}

@article{willmes2024anticipatory,
  title = {Anticipatory Understanding of Resilient Agriculture to Climate},
  author = {David Willmes and Nick Krall and James Tanis and Zachary Terner and Fernando Tavares and Chris Miller and Joe Haberlin and Matt Crichton and Alexander Schlichting},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.05219},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05219},
}

@article{bayindir2024lagrangian,
  title = {Lagrangian Drifter Path Identification and Prediction: SINDy vs Neural ODE},
  author = {Cihan Bayindir and Fatih Ozaydin and Azmi Ali Altintas and Tayyibe Eristi and Ali Riza Alan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.04350},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04350},
}

@article{colin2024rainfall,
  title = {Rainfall regression from C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar using Multi-Task Generative Adversarial Networks},
  author = {Aurélien Colin and Romain Husson},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.03480},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03480},
}

@article{dave2024climate,
  title = {Climate AI for Corporate Decarbonization Metrics Extraction},
  author = {Aditya Dave and Mengchen Zhu and Dapeng Hu and Sachin Tiwari},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2411.03402},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03402},
}

@article{li2024stochastic,
  title = {Stochastic Reconstruction of Gappy Lagrangian Turbulent Signals by Conditional Diffusion Models},
  author = {Tianyi Li and Luca Biferale and Fabio Bonaccorso and Michele Buzzicotti and Luca Centurioni},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.23971},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23971},
}

@article{yan2024fourier,
  title = {Fourier Amplitude and Correlation Loss: Beyond Using L2 Loss for Skillful Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Chiu-Wai Yan and Shi Quan Foo and Van Hoan Trinh and Dit-Yan Yeung and Ka-Hing Wong and Wai-Kin Wong},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.23159},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23159},
}

@article{ginio2024dataset,
  title = {Dataset of polarimetric images of mechanically generated water surface waves coupled with surface elevation records by wave gauges linear array},
  author = {Noam Ginio and Michael Lindenbaum and Barak Fishbain and Dan Liberzon},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.22849},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.22849},
}

@article{sgattoni2024physicsaware,
  title = {A physics-aware data-driven surrogate approach for fast atmospheric radiative transfer inversion},
  author = {Cristina Sgattoni and Luca Sgheri and Matthias Chung},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.22609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.22609},
}

@article{balogh2024online,
  title = {Online Test of a Neural Network Deep Convection Parameterization in ARP-GEM1},
  author = {Blanka Balogh and David Saint-Martin and Olivier Geoffroy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.21920},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21920},
}

@article{saleem2024aute,
  title = {A-UTE: Advection Informed, Uncertainty Aware Temperature Emulator},
  author = {Hira Saleem and Flora Salim and Cormac Purcell},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.21657},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21657},
}

@article{partio2024cloudcast,
  title = {CloudCast -- Total Cloud Cover Nowcasting with Machine Learning},
  author = {Mikko Partio and Leila Hieta and Anniina Kokkonen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.21329},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21329},
}

@article{ullrich2024recommendations,
  title = {Recommendations for Comprehensive and Independent Evaluation of Machine Learning-Based Earth System Models},
  author = {Paul A. Ullrich and Elizabeth A. Barnes and William D. Collins and Katherine Dagon and Shiheng Duan and Joshua Elms and Jiwoo Lee and L. Ruby Leung and Dan Lu and Maria J. Molina and Travis A. O'Brien and Finn O. Rebassoo},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.19882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19882},
}

@article{fotiadis2024stochastic,
  title = {Stochastic Flow Matching for Resolving Small-Scale Physics},
  author = {Stathi Fotiadis and Noah Brenowitz and Tomas Geffner and Yair Cohen and Michael Pritchard and Arash Vahdat and Morteza Mardani},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.19814},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19814},
}

@article{leinonen2024modulated,
  title = {Modulated Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators for Temporal Interpolation of Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Jussi Leinonen and Boris Bonev and Thorsten Kurth and Yair Cohen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.18904},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18904},
}

@article{wasi2024dhoroni,
  title = {Dhoroni: Exploring Bengali Climate Change and Environmental Views with a Multi-Perspective News Dataset and Natural Language Processing},
  author = {Azmine Toushik Wasi and Wahid Faisal and Taj Ahmad and Abdur Rahman and Mst Rafia Islam},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.17225},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17225},
}

@article{davis2024spatiotemporal,
  title = {Spatio-temporal Multivariate Cluster Evolution Analysis for Detecting and Tracking Climate Impacts},
  author = {Warren L. Davis and Max Carlson and Irina Tezaur and Diana Bull and Kara Peterson and Laura Swiler},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.16544},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.16544},
}

@article{gong2024deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Weather Forecasting: A CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model for Predicting Historical Temperature Data},
  author = {Yuhao Gong and Yuchen Zhang and Fei Wang and Chi-Han Lee},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14963},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14963},
}

@article{xu2024accelerate,
  title = {Accelerate Coastal Ocean Circulation Model with AI Surrogate},
  author = {Zelin Xu and Jie Ren and Yupu Zhang and Jose Maria Gonzalez Ondina and Maitane Olabarrieta and Tingsong Xiao and Wenchong He and Zibo Liu and Shigang Chen and Kaleb Smith and Zhe Jiang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14952},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14952},
}

@article{sun2024ai,
  title = {Can AI weather models predict out-of-distribution gray swan tropical cyclones?},
  author = {Y. Qiang Sun and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Mohsen Zand and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Jonathan Weare and Dorian S. Abbot},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14932},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14932},
}

@article{xu2024sifm,
  title = {SIFM: A Foundation Model for Multi-granularity Arctic Sea Ice Forecasting},
  author = {Jingyi Xu and Yeqi Luo and Weidong Yang and Keyi Liu and Shengnan Wang and Ben Fei and Lei Bai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14732},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14732},
}

@article{chaorong2024extreme,
  title = {Extreme Precipitation Nowcasting using Multi-Task Latent Diffusion Models},
  author = {Li Chaorong and Ling Xudong and Yang Qiang and Qin Fengqing and Huang Yuanyuan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14103},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14103},
}

@article{kalita2024datadriven,
  title = {Data-driven rainfall prediction at a regional scale: a case study with Ghana},
  author = {Indrajit Kalita and Lucia Vilallonga and Yves Atchade},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14062},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14062},
}

@article{rybchuk2024ensemblebased,
  title = {Ensemble-based, large-eddy reconstruction of wind turbine inflow in a near-stationary atmospheric boundary layer through generative artificial intelligence},
  author = {Alex Rybchuk and Luis A. Martínez-Tossas and Stefano Letizia and Nicholas Hamilton and Andy Scholbrock and Emina Maric and Daniel R. Houck and Thomas G. Herges and Nathaniel B. de Velder and Paula Doubrawa},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.14024},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14024},
}

@article{divyaprakash2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Superdroplet Growth Rates Using DNS Data},
  author = {Divyaprakash and Nikita N. Makwana and Amitabh Bhattacharya and Bipin Kumar},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.13890},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13890},
}

@article{li2024precipitation,
  title = {Precipitation Nowcasting Using Diffusion Transformer with Causal Attention},
  author = {ChaoRong Li and XuDong Ling and YiLan Xue and Wenjie Luo and LiHong Zhu and FengQing Qin and Yaodong Zhou and Yuanyuan Huang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.13314},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13314},
}

@article{huang2024tcpdiffusion,
  title = {TCP-Diffusion: A Multi-modal Diffusion Model for Global Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Forecasting with Change Awareness},
  author = {Cheng Huang and Pan Mu and Cong Bai and Peter AG Watson},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.13175},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13175},
}

@article{yang2024local,
  title = {Local Off-Grid Weather Forecasting with Multi-Modal Earth Observation Data},
  author = {Qidong Yang and Jonathan Giezendanner and Daniel Salles Civitarese and Johannes Jakubik and Eric Schmitt and Anirban Chandra and Jeremy Vila and Detlef Hohl and Chris Hill and Campbell Watson and Sherrie Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.12938},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12938},
}

@article{naeini2024advancing,
  title = {Advancing Spatio-temporal Storm Surge Prediction with Hierarchical Deep Neural Networks},
  author = {Saeed Saviz Naeini and Reda Snaiki and Teng Wu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.12823},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12823},
}

@article{perez2024transformer,
  title = {Transformer based super-resolution downscaling for regional reanalysis: Full domain vs tiling approaches},
  author = {Antonio Pérez and Mario Santa Cruz and Daniel San Martín and José Manuel Gutiérrez},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.12728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12728},
}

@article{qian2024weatherdg,
  title = {WeatherDG: LLM-assisted Diffusion Model for Procedural Weather Generation in Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentation},
  author = {Chenghao Qian and Yuhu Guo and Yuhong Mo and Wenjing Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.12075},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12075},
}

@article{holmberg2024regional,
  title = {Regional Ocean Forecasting with Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {Daniel Holmberg and Emanuela Clementi and Teemu Roos},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.11807},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.11807},
}

@article{solatorio2024double,
  title = {Double Jeopardy and Climate Impact in the Use of Large Language Models: Socio-economic Disparities and Reduced Utility for Non-English Speakers},
  author = {Aivin V. Solatorio and Gabriel Stefanini Vicente and Holly Krambeck and Olivier Dupriez},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.10665},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.10665},
}

@article{duan2024testing,
  title = {Testing NeuralGCM's capability to simulate future heatwaves based on the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave event},
  author = {Shiheng Duan and Jishi Zhang and Céline Bonfils and Giuliana Pallotta},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.09120},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.09120},
}

@article{xu2024icediff,
  title = {IceDiff: High Resolution and High-Quality Sea Ice Forecasting with Generative Diffusion Prior},
  author = {Jingyi Xu and Siwei Tu and Weidong Yang and Shuhao Li and Keyi Liu and Yeqi Luo and Lipeng Ma and Ben Fei and Lei Bai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.09111},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.09111},
}

@article{liu2024compressing,
  title = {Compressing high-resolution data through latent representation encoding for downscaling large-scale AI weather forecast model},
  author = {Qian Liu and Bing Gong and Xiaoran Zhuang and Xiaohui Zhong and Zhiming Kang and Hao Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.09109},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.09109},
}

@article{sarabia2024multisource,
  title = {Multi-Source Temporal Attention Network for Precipitation Nowcasting},
  author = {Rafael Pablos Sarabia and Joachim Nyborg and Morten Birk and Jeppe Liborius Sjørup and Anders Lillevang Vesterholt and Ira Assent},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.08641},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08641},
}

@article{agrawal2024visualanalytical,
  title = {A Visual-Analytical Approach for Automatic Detection of Cyclonic Events in Satellite Observations},
  author = {Akash Agrawal and Mayesh Mohapatra and Abhinav Raja and Paritosh Tiwari and Vishwajeet Pattanaik and Neeru Jaiswal and Arpit Agarwal and Punit Rathore},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.08218},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08218},
}

@article{siddiqui2024exploring,
  title = {Exploring the design space of deep-learning-based weather forecasting systems},
  author = {Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui and Jean Kossaifi and Boris Bonev and Christopher Choy and Jan Kautz and David Krueger and Kamyar Azizzadenesheli},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.07472},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07472},
}

@article{ruddjones2024crafting,
  title = {Crafting Desirable Climate Trajectories with RL Explored Socio-Environmental Simulations},
  author = {James Rudd-Jones and Fiona Thendean and María Pérez-Ortiz},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.07287},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07287},
}

@article{ebert2024ai,
  title = {AI, Climate, and Regulation: From Data Centers to the AI Act},
  author = {Kai Ebert and Nicolas Alder and Ralf Herbrich and Philipp Hacker},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.06681},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.06681},
}

@article{gong2024postcast,
  title = {PostCast: Generalizable Postprocessing for Precipitation Nowcasting via Unsupervised Blurriness Modeling},
  author = {Junchao Gong and Siwei Tu and Weidong Yang and Ben Fei and Kun Chen and Wenlong Zhang and Xiaokang Yang and Wanli Ouyang and Lei Bai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.05805},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05805},
}

@article{andrae2024continuous,
  title = {Continuous Ensemble Weather Forecasting with Diffusion models},
  author = {Martin Andrae and Tomas Landelius and Joel Oskarsson and Fredrik Lindsten},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.05431},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05431},
}

@article{cheng2024yantian,
  title = {YanTian: An Application Platform for AI Global Weather Forecasting Models},
  author = {Wencong Cheng and Jiangjiang Xia and Chang Qu and Zhigang Wang and Xinyi Zeng and Fang Huang and Tianye Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.04539},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04539},
}

@article{jeggle2024icecloudnet,
  title = {IceCloudNet: 3D reconstruction of cloud ice from Meteosat SEVIRI},
  author = {Kai Jeggle and Mikolaj Czerkawski and Federico Serva and Bertrand Le Saux and David Neubauer and Ulrike Lohmann},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.04135},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04135},
}

@article{dong2024uflux,
  title = {UFLUX v2.0: A Process-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Efficient and Explainable Modelling of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake},
  author = {Wenquan Dong and Songyan Zhu and Jian Xu and Casey M. Ryan and Man Chen and Jingya Zeng and Hao Yu and Congfeng Cao and Jiancheng Shi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.03951},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03951},
}

@article{giroux2024interpolationfree,
  title = {Interpolation-Free Deep Learning for Meteorological Downscaling on Unaligned Grids Across Multiple Domains with Application to Wind Power},
  author = {Jean-Sébastien Giroux and Simon-Philippe Breton and Julie Carreau},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.03945},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03945},
}

@article{burchard2024multimodal,
  title = {Multi-modal Atmospheric Sensing to Augment Wearable IMU-Based Hand Washing Detection},
  author = {Robin Burchard and Kristof Van Laerhoven},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.03549},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03549},
}

@article{kieu2024predictability,
  title = {Predictability of Global AI Weather Models},
  author = {Chanh Kieu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.03266},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03266},
}

@article{lopezgomez2024dynamicalgenerative,
  title = {Dynamical-generative downscaling of climate model ensembles},
  author = {Ignacio Lopez-Gomez and Zhong Yi Wan and Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez and Tapio Schneider and John Anderson and Fei Sha},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.01776},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01776},
}

@article{bazgir2024qesm,
  title = {QESM: A Leap Towards Quantum-Enhanced ML Emulation Framework for Earth and Climate Modeling},
  author = {Adib Bazgir and Yuwen Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.01551},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01551},
}

@article{lovo2024tackling,
  title = {Tackling the Accuracy-Interpretability Trade-off in a Hierarchy of Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of Extreme Heatwaves},
  author = {Alessandro Lovo and Amaury Lancelin and Corentin Herbert and Freddy Bouchet},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.00984},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00984},
}

@article{yang2024simple,
  title = {A simple emulator that enables interpretation of parameter-output relationships, applied to two climate model PPEs},
  author = {Qingyuan Yang and Gregory S Elsaesser and Marcus Van Lier-Walqui and Trude Eidhammer},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.00931},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00931},
}

@article{liu2024downscalingb,
  title = {Downscaling Extreme Precipitation with Wasserstein Regularized Diffusion},
  author = {Yuhao Liu and James Doss-Gollin and Qiushi Dai and Ashok Veeraraghavan and Guha Balakrishnan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2410.00381},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00381},
}

@article{yousefnia2024inferring,
  title = {Inferring Thunderstorm Occurrence from Vertical Profiles of Convection-Permitting Simulations: Physical Insights from a Physical Deep Learning Model},
  author = {Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia and Christoph Metzl and Tobias Bölle},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.20087},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.20087},
}

@article{dai2024mocolsk,
  title = {MoCoLSK: Modality Conditioned High-Resolution Downscaling for Land Surface Temperature},
  author = {Qun Dai and Chunyang Yuan and Yimian Dai and Yuxuan Li and Xiang Li and Kang Ni and Jianhui Xu and Xiangbo Shu and Jian Yang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.19835},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19835},
}

@article{singh2024koda,
  title = {KODA: A Data-Driven Recursive Model for Time Series Forecasting and Data Assimilation using Koopman Operators},
  author = {Ashutosh Singh and Ashish Singh and Tales Imbiriba and Deniz Erdogmus and Ricardo Borsoi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.19518},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19518},
}

@article{li2024cllmate,
  title = {CLLMate: A Multimodal Benchmark for Weather and Climate Events Forecasting},
  author = {Haobo Li and Zhaowei Wang and Jiachen Wang and Yueya Wang and Alexis Kai Hon Lau and Huamin Qu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.19058},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19058},
}

@article{chun2024unravelling,
  title = {Unravelling compound risks of hydrological extremes in a changing climate: Typology, methods and futures},
  author = {Kwok P Chun and Thanti Octavianti and Georgia Papacharalampous and Hristos Tyralis and Samuel J. Sutanto and Pavel Terskii and Paola Mazzoglio and Dario Treppiedi and Juan Rivera and Nilay Dogulu and Adeyemi Olusola and Bastien Dieppois and Moctar Dembélé and Simon Moulds and Cheng Li and Luis Alejandro Morales-Marin and Neil Macdonald and Toundji Olivier Amoussou and Roland Yonaba and Salomon Obahoundje and Nicolas Massei and David M. Hannah and Sivarama Krishna Reddy Chidepudi and Byman Hamududu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.19003},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19003},
}

@article{ran2024hrextreme,
  title = {HR-Extreme: A High-Resolution Dataset for Extreme Weather Forecasting},
  author = {Nian Ran and Peng Xiao and Yue Wang and Wesley Shi and Jianxin Lin and Qi Meng and Richard Allmendinger},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.18885},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18885},
}

@article{costa2024climate,
  title = {Climate Adaptation with Reinforcement Learning: Experiments with Flooding and Transportation in Copenhagen},
  author = {Miguel Costa and Morten W. Petersen and Arthur Vandervoort and Martin Drews and Karyn Morrissey and Francisco C. Pereira},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.18574},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18574},
}

@article{rackow2024robustness,
  title = {Robustness of AI-based weather forecasts in a changing climate},
  author = {Thomas Rackow and Nikolay Koldunov and Christian Lessig and Irina Sandu and Mihai Alexe and Matthew Chantry and Mariana Clare and Jesper Dramsch and Florian Pappenberger and Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia and Steffen Tietsche and Thomas Jung},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.18529},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18529},
}

@article{qayyum2024implicit,
  title = {Implicit Neural Representations for Simultaneous Reduction and Continuous Reconstruction of Multi-Altitude Climate Data},
  author = {Alif Bin Abdul Qayyum and Xihaier Luo and Nathan M. Urban and Xiaoning Qian and Byung-Jun Yoon},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.17367},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17367},
}

@article{lyu2024multiscale,
  title = {Multi-scale decomposition of sea surface height snapshots using machine learning},
  author = {Jingwen Lyu and Yue Wang and Christian Pedersen and Spencer Jones and Dhruv Balwada},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.17354},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17354},
}

@article{sharma2024large,
  title = {Large Language Model Predicts Above Normal All India Summer Monsoon Rainfall in 2024},
  author = {Ujjawal Sharma and Madhav Biyani and Akhil Dev Suresh and Debi Prasad Bhuyan and Saroj Kanta Mishra and Tanmoy Chakraborty},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16799},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16799},
}

@article{brown2024random,
  title = {Random Forest Regression Feature Importance for Climate Impact Pathway Detection},
  author = {Meredith G. L. Brown and Matt Peterson and Irina Tezaur and Kara Peterson and Diana Bull},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16609},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16609},
}

@article{lagerquist2024centerfixing,
  title = {Center-fixing of tropical cyclones using uncertainty-aware deep learning applied to high-temporal-resolution geostationary satellite imagery},
  author = {Ryan Lagerquist and Galina Chirokova and Robert DeMaria and Mark DeMaria and Imme Ebert-Uphoff},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16507},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16507},
}

@article{keisler2024automated,
  title = {Automated Spatio-Temporal Weather Modeling for Load Forecasting},
  author = {Julie Keisler and Margaux Bregere},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16326},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16326},
}

@article{gong2024weatherformer,
  title = {WeatherFormer: Empowering Global Numerical Weather Forecasting with Space-Time Transformer},
  author = {Junchao Gong and Tao Han and Kang Chen and Lei Bai},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16321},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16321},
}

@article{suwanwimolkul2024developing,
  title = {Developing a Thailand solar irradiance map using Himawari-8 satellite imageries and deep learning models},
  author = {Suwichaya Suwanwimolkul and Natanon Tongamrak and Nuttamon Thungka and Naebboon Hoonchareon and Jitkomut Songsiri},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16320},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16320},
}

@article{guilloteau2024generative,
  title = {A Generative Diffusion Model for Probabilistic Ensembles of Precipitation Maps Conditioned on Multisensor Satellite Observations},
  author = {Clement Guilloteau and Gavin Kerrigan and Kai Nelson and Giosue Migliorini and Padhraic Smyth and Runze Li and Efi Foufoula-Georgiou},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16319},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16319},
}

@article{schuurman2024surface,
  title = {Surface solar radiation: AI satellite retrieval can outperform Heliosat and generalizes well to other climate zones},
  author = {K. R. Schuurman and A. Meyer},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16316},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16316},
}

@article{panboonyuen2024seavit,
  title = {SEA-ViT: Sea Surface Currents Forecasting Using Vision Transformer and GRU-Based Spatio-Temporal Covariance Modeling},
  author = {Teerapong Panboonyuen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16313},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16313},
}

@article{zhou2024new,
  title = {New Insights into Global Warming: End-to-End Visual Analysis and Prediction of Temperature Variations},
  author = {Meihua Zhou and Nan Wan and Tianlong Zheng and Hanwen Xu and Li Yang and Tingting Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16311},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16311},
}

@article{cresswellclay2024deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Earth System Model for Efficient Simulation of the Observed Climate},
  author = {Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay and Bowen Liu and Dale Durran and Zihui Liu and Zachary I. Espinosa and Raul Moreno and Matthias Karlbauer},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.16247},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16247},
}

@article{hill2024deep,
  title = {Deep Learning Techniques for Atmospheric Turbulence Removal: A Review},
  author = {Paul Hill and Nantheera Anantrasirichai and Alin Achim and David Bull},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.14587},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14587},
}

@article{huang2024highresolution,
  title = {High-Resolution Flood Probability Mapping Using Generative Machine Learning with Large-Scale Synthetic Precipitation and Inundation Data},
  author = {Lipai Huang and Federico Antolini and Ali Mostafavi and Russell Blessing and Matthew Garcia and Samuel D. Brody},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.13936},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13936},
}

@article{rampal2024extrapolation,
  title = {On the Extrapolation of Generative Adversarial Networks for downscaling precipitation extremes in warmer climates},
  author = {Neelesh Rampal and Peter B. Gibson and Steven Sherwood and Gab Abramowitz},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.13934},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13934},
}

@article{ferracina2024learning,
  title = {Learning to Simulate Aerosol Dynamics with Graph Neural Networks},
  author = {Fabiana Ferracina and Payton Beeler and Mahantesh Halappanavar and Bala Krishnamoorthy and Marco Minutoli and Laura Fierce},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.13861},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13861},
}

@article{schmude2024prithvi,
  title = {Prithvi WxC: Foundation Model for Weather and Climate},
  author = {Johannes Schmude and Sujit Roy and Will Trojak and Johannes Jakubik and Daniel Salles Civitarese and Shraddha Singh and Julian Kuehnert and Kumar Ankur and Aman Gupta and Christopher E Phillips and Romeo Kienzler and Daniela Szwarcman and Vishal Gaur and Rajat Shinde and Rohit Lal and Arlindo Da Silva and Jorge Luis Guevara Diaz and Anne Jones and Simon Pfreundschuh and Amy Lin and Aditi Sheshadri and Udaysankar Nair and Valentine Anantharaj and Hendrik Hamann and Campbell Watson and Manil Maskey and Tsengdar J Lee and Juan Bernabe Moreno and Rahul Ramachandran},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.13598},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13598},
}

@article{salis2024time,
  title = {Time Distributed Deep Learning Models for Purely Exogenous Forecasting: Application to Water Table Depth Prediction using Weather Image Time Series},
  author = {Matteo Salis and Abdourrahmane M. Atto and Stefano Ferraris and Rosa Meo},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.13284},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13284},
}

@article{liu2024eric,
  title = {ERIC: Estimating Rainfall with Commodity Doorbell Camera for Precision Residential Irrigation},
  author = {Tian Liu and Liuyi Jin and Radu Stoleru and Amran Haroon and Charles Swanson and Kexin Feng},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.13104},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13104},
}

@article{potter2024graph,
  title = {Graph Convolutional Neural Networks as Surrogate Models for Climate Simulation},
  author = {Kevin Potter and Carianne Martinez and Reina Pradhan and Samantha Brozak and Steven Sleder and Lauren Wheeler},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.12815},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12815},
}

@article{banomedina2024harnessing,
  title = {Harnessing AI data-driven global weather models for climate attribution: An analysis of the 2017 Oroville Dam extreme atmospheric river},
  author = {Jorge Baño-Medina and Agniv Sengupta and Allison Michaelis and Luca Delle Monache and Julie Kalansky and Duncan Watson-Parris},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.11605},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11605},
}

@article{bassetti2024diffesm,
  title = {DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models with 3D Diffusion Models},
  author = {Seth Bassetti and Brian Hutchinson and Claudia Tebaldi and Ben Kravitz},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.11601},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11601},
}

@article{zhang2024super,
  title = {Super Resolution On Global Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Lawrence Zhang and Adam Yang and Rodz Andrie Amor and Bryan Zhang and Dhruv Rao},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.11502},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11502},
}

@article{mayer2024transfer,
  title = {Can Transfer Learning be Used to Identify Tropical State-Dependent Bias Relevant to Midlatitude Subseasonal Predictability?},
  author = {Kirsten J. Mayer and Katherine Dagon and Maria J. Molina},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.10755},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10755},
}

@article{tsoi2024generative,
  title = {Using Generative Models to Produce Realistic Populations of the United Kingdom Windstorms},
  author = {Etron Yee Chun Tsoi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.10696},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10696},
}

@article{kucuk2024integrated,
  title = {Integrated nowcasting of convective precipitation with Transformer-based models using multi-source data},
  author = {Çağlar Küçük and Aitor Atencia and Markus Dabernig},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.10367},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10367},
}

@article{shmuel2024global,
  title = {Global Lightning-Ignited Wildfires Prediction and Climate Change Projections based on Explainable Machine Learning Models},
  author = {Assaf Shmuel and Teddy Lazebnik and Oren Glickman and Eyal Heifetz and Colin Price},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.10046},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10046},
}

@article{takahashi2024gpcm,
  title = {GPC/m: Global Precipitation Climatology by Machine Learning; Quasi-global, Daily, and One Degree Spatial Resolution},
  author = {Hiroshi G. Takahashi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.09639},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09639},
}

@article{li2024weather,
  title = {Weather Prediction Using CNN-LSTM for Time Series Analysis: A Case Study on Delhi Temperature Data},
  author = {Bangyu Li and Yang Qian},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.09414},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09414},
}

@article{jin2024weatherreal,
  title = {WeatherReal: A Benchmark Based on In-Situ Observations for Evaluating Weather Models},
  author = {Weixin Jin and Jonathan Weyn and Pengcheng Zhao and Siqi Xiang and Jiang Bian and Zuliang Fang and Haiyu Dong and Hongyu Sun and Kit Thambiratnam and Qi Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.09371},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09371},
}

@article{zhang2024integration,
  title = {Integration of Mamba and Transformer -- MAT for Long-Short Range Time Series Forecasting with Application to Weather Dynamics},
  author = {Wenqing Zhang and Junming Huang and Ruotong Wang and Changsong Wei and Wenqian Huang and Yuxin Qiao},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.08530},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.08530},
}

@article{prasad2024modeling,
  title = {Modeling Snow on Sea Ice using Physics Guided Machine Learning},
  author = {Ayush Prasad and Ioanna Merkouriadi and Aleksi Nummelin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.08092},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.08092},
}

@article{ling2024estimating,
  title = {Estimating Atmospheric Variables from Digital Typhoon Satellite Images via Conditional Denoising Diffusion Models},
  author = {Zhangyue Ling and Pritthijit Nath and César Quilodrán-Casas},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07961},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07961},
}

@article{zhang2024weatherinformed,
  title = {Weather-Informed Probabilistic Forecasting and Scenario Generation in Power Systems},
  author = {Hanyu Zhang and Reza Zandehshahvar and Mathieu Tanneau and Pascal Van Hentenryck},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07637},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07637},
}

@article{huang2024deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for predicting rate-induced tipping},
  author = {Yu Huang and Sebastian Bathiany and Peter Ashwin and Niklas Boers},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07590},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07590},
}

@article{munir2024efficient,
  title = {Efficient Localized Adaptation of Neural Weather Forecasting: A Case Study in the MENA Region},
  author = {Muhammad Akhtar Munir and Fahad Shahbaz Khan and Salman Khan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07585},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07585},
}

@article{alder2024ai,
  title = {AI, Climate, and Transparency: Operationalizing and Improving the AI Act},
  author = {Nicolas Alder and Kai Ebert and Ralf Herbrich and Philipp Hacker},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07471},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07471},
}

@article{zhong2024fuxi20,
  title = {FuXi-2.0: Advancing machine learning weather forecasting model for practical applications},
  author = {Xiaohui Zhong and Lei Chen and Xu Fan and Wenxu Qian and Jun Liu and Hao Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.07188},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07188},
}

@article{lien2024liangkleeman,
  title = {A Liang-Kleeman Causality Analysis based on Linear Inverse Modeling},
  author = {Justin Lien},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06797},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06797},
}

@article{demaria2024evaluation,
  title = {Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasts from Artificial Intelligence Weather Prediction (AIWP) Models},
  author = {Mark DeMaria and James L. Franklin and Galina Chirokova and Jacob Radford and Robert DeMaria and Kate D. Musgrave and Imme Ebert-Uphoff},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06735},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06735},
}

@article{passerotti2024sea,
  title = {Sea ice floe segmentation in close-range optical imagery using active contour and foundation models},
  author = {Giulio Passerotti and Alberto Alberello and Marcello Vichi and Luke G. Bennetts and James Bailey and Alessandro Toffoli},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06641},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06641},
}

@article{millard2024deep,
  title = {Deep Learning for Koopman Operator Estimation in Idealized Atmospheric Dynamics},
  author = {David Millard and Arielle Carr and Stéphane Gaudreault},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06522},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06522},
}

@article{scheuerer2024applications,
  title = {Applications of machine learning to predict seasonal precipitation for East Africa},
  author = {Michael Scheuerer and Claudio Heinrich-Mertsching and Titike K. Bahaga and Masilin Gudoshava and Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.06238},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06238},
}

@article{shi2024codicast,
  title = {CoDiCast: Conditional Diffusion Model for Global Weather Prediction with Uncertainty Quantification},
  author = {Jimeng Shi and Bowen Jin and Jiawei Han and Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan and Giri Narasimhan},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.05975},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05975},
}

@article{berlinghieri2024hourly,
  title = {Are Hourly PM2.5 Forecasts Sufficiently Accurate to Plan Your Day? Individual Decision Making in the Face of Increasing Wildfire Smoke},
  author = {Renato Berlinghieri and David R. Burt and Paolo Giani and Arlene M. Fiore and Tamara Broderick},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.05866},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05866},
}

@article{mukherjee2024atmospheric,
  title = {An Atmospheric Correction Integrated LULC Segmentation Model for High-Resolution Satellite Imagery},
  author = {Soham Mukherjee and Yash Dixit and Naman Srivastava and Joel D Joy and Rohan Olikara and Koesha Sinha and Swarup E and Rakshit Ramesh},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.05494},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05494},
}

@article{wang2024cascanglong,
  title = {CAS-Canglong: A skillful 3D Transformer model for sub-seasonal to seasonal global sea surface temperature prediction},
  author = {Longhao Wang and Xuanze Zhang and L. Ruby Leung and Francis H. S. Chiew and Amir AghaKouchak and Kairan Ying and Yongqiang Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.05369},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05369},
}

@article{molina2024generative,
  title = {Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Creatively in the Classroom and Research: Examples and Lessons Learned},
  author = {Maria J. Molina and Amy McGovern and Jhayron S. Perez-Carrasquilla and Xiaowen Li and Robin L. Tanamachi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.05176},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05176},
}

@article{abdelli2024weatheradaptive,
  title = {Weather-Adaptive Multi-Step Forecasting of State of Polarization Changes in Aerial Fibers Using Wavelet Neural Networks},
  author = {Khouloud Abdelli and Matteo Lonardi and Jurgen Gripp and Samuel Olsson Fabien Boitier and Patricia Layec},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.03663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.03663},
}

@article{nipen2024regional,
  title = {Regional data-driven weather modeling with a global stretched-grid},
  author = {Thomas Nils Nipen and Håvard Homleid Haugen and Magnus Sikora Ingstad and Even Marius Nordhagen and Aram Farhad Shafiq Salihi and Paulina Tedesco and Ivar Ambjørn Seierstad and Jørn Kristiansen and Simon Lang and Mihai Alexe and Jesper Dramsch and Baudouin Raoult and Gert Mertes and Matthew Chantry},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.02891},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02891},
}

@article{zhu2024puyun,
  title = {PuYun: Medium-Range Global Weather Forecasting Using Large Kernel Attention Convolutional Networks},
  author = {Shengchen Zhu and Yiming Chen and Peiying Yu and Xiang Qu and Yuxiao Zhou and Yiming Ma and Zhizhan Zhao and Yukai Liu and Hao Mi and Bin Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.02123},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02123},
}

@article{chajaei2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning Framework for High-Resolution Air Temperature Downscaling Using LiDAR-Derived Urban Morphological Features},
  author = {Fatemeh Chajaei and Hossein Bagheri},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.02120},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02120},
}

@article{dutta2024aqpinns,
  title = {AQ-PINNs: Attention-Enhanced Quantum Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Carbon-Efficient Climate Modeling},
  author = {Siddhant Dutta and Nouhaila Innan and Sadok Ben Yahia and Muhammad Shafique},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.01626},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01626},
}

@article{liu2024realtime,
  title = {Real-Time Multi-Scene Visibility Enhancement for Promoting Navigational Safety of Vessels Under Complex Weather Conditions},
  author = {Ryan Wen Liu and Yuxu Lu and Yuan Gao and Yu Guo and Wenqi Ren and Fenghua Zhu and Fei-Yue Wang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.01500},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01500},
}

@article{si2024latentensf,
  title = {Latent-EnSF: A Latent Ensemble Score Filter for High-Dimensional Data Assimilation with Sparse Observation Data},
  author = {Phillip Si and Peng Chen},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.00127},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.00127},
}

@article{shojaeezadeh2024novel,
  title = {A novel fusion of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 with climate data for crop phenology estimation using Machine Learning},
  author = {Shahab Aldin Shojaeezadeh and Abdelrazek Elnashar and Tobias Karl David Weber},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2409.00020},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.00020},
}

@article{monaco2024uncertaintyaware,
  title = {Uncertainty-aware segmentation for rainfall prediction post processing},
  author = {Simone Monaco and Luca Monaco and Daniele Apiletti},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16792},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16792},
}

@article{liu2024downscalinga,
  title = {Downscaling Neural Network for Coastal Simulations},
  author = {Zhi-Song Liu and Markus Büttner and Matthew Scarborough and Eirik Valseth and Vadym Aizinger and Bernhard Kainz and Andreas Rupp},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16553},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16553},
}

@article{jimenezesteve2024aidriven,
  title = {AI-driven weather forecasts enable anticipated attribution of extreme events to human-made climate change},
  author = {Bernat Jiménez-Esteve and David Barriopedro and Juan Emmanuel Johnson and Ricardo Garcia-Herrera},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16433},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16433},
}

@article{satheesh2024machine,
  title = {Machine learning models for daily rainfall forecasting in Northern Tropical Africa using tropical wave predictors},
  author = {Athul Rasheeda Satheesh and Peter Knippertz and Andreas H. Fink},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16349},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16349},
}

@article{kinney2024rapid,
  title = {Rapid and accurate mosquito abundance forecasting with Aedes-AI neural networks},
  author = {Adrienne C. Kinney and Roberto Barrera and Joceline Lega},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16152},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16152},
}

@article{nath2024rain,
  title = {RAIN: Reinforcement Algorithms for Improving Numerical Weather and Climate Models},
  author = {Pritthijit Nath and Henry Moss and Emily Shuckburgh and Mark Webb},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16118},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16118},
}

@article{sturm2024nudge,
  title = {A nudge to the truth: atom conservation as a hard constraint in models of atmospheric composition using an uncertainty-weighted correction},
  author = {Patrick Obin Sturm and Sam J. Silva},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.16109},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16109},
}

@article{yu2024climdetect,
  title = {ClimDetect: A Benchmark Dataset for Climate Change Detection and Attribution},
  author = {Sungduk Yu and Brian L. White and Anahita Bhiwandiwalla and Musashi Hinck and Matthew Lyle Olson and Yaniv Gurwicz and Raanan Y. Rohekar and Tung Nguyen and Vasudev Lal},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.15993},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15993},
}

@article{tiemann2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for Methane Detection and Quantification from Space - A survey},
  author = {Enno Tiemann and Shanyu Zhou and Alexander Kläser and Konrad Heidler and Rochelle Schneider and Xiao Xiang Zhu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.15122},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15122},
}

@article{effenberger2024turbine,
  title = {Turbine location-aware multi-decadal wind power predictions for Germany using CMIP6},
  author = {Nina Effenberger and Nicole Ludwig},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.14889},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.14889},
}

@article{subich2024efficient,
  title = {Efficient fine-tuning of 37-level GraphCast with the Canadian global deterministic analysis},
  author = {Christopher Subich},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.14587},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.14587},
}

@article{han2024generative,
  title = {Generative Diffusion Model-based Downscaling of Observed Sea Surface Height over Kuroshio Extension since 2000},
  author = {Qiuchang Han and Xingliang Jiang and Yang Zhao and Xudong Wang and Zhijin Li and Renhe Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.12632},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12632},
}

@article{niu2024improving,
  title = {Improving Typhoon Predictions by Integrating Data-Driven Machine Learning Models with Physics Models Based on the Spectral Nudging and Data Assimilation},
  author = {Zeyi Niu and Wei Huang and Lei Zhang and Lin Deng and Haibo Wang and Yuhua Yang and Dongliang Wang and Hong Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.12630},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12630},
}

@article{shah2024predicting,
  title = {Predicting Solar Energy Generation with Machine Learning based on AQI and Weather Features},
  author = {Arjun Shah and Varun Viswanath and Kashish Gandhi and Nilesh Madhukar Patil},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.12476},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12476},
}

@article{saha2024rapida,
  title = {Rapid Statistical-Physical Adversarial Downscaling Reveals Bangladesh's Rising Rainfall Risk in a Warming Climate},
  author = {Anamitra Saha and Sai Ravela},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.11790},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.11790},
}

@article{wang2024benchmarking,
  title = {Benchmarking AI-based data assimilation to advance data-driven global weather forecasting},
  author = {Wuxin Wang and Weicheng Ni and Ben Fei and Tao Han and Lilan Huang and Taikang Yuan and Xiaoyong Li and Lei Bai and Boheng Duan and Kaijun Ren},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.11438},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.11438},
}

@article{benson2024atmospheric,
  title = {Atmospheric Transport Modeling of CO$_2$ with Neural Networks},
  author = {Vitus Benson and Ana Bastos and Christian Reimers and Alexander J. Winkler and Fanny Yang and Markus Reichstein},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.11032},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.11032},
}

@article{pathak2024kilometerscale,
  title = {Kilometer-Scale Convection Allowing Model Emulation using Generative Diffusion Modeling},
  author = {Jaideep Pathak and Yair Cohen and Piyush Garg and Peter Harrington and Noah Brenowitz and Dale Durran and Morteza Mardani and Arash Vahdat and Shaoming Xu and Karthik Kashinath and Michael Pritchard},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.10958},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10958},
}

@article{liu2024mambads,
  title = {MambaDS: Near-Surface Meteorological Field Downscaling with Topography Constrained Selective State Space Modeling},
  author = {Zili Liu and Hao Chen and Lei Bai and Wenyuan Li and Wanli Ouyang and Zhengxia Zou and Zhenwei Shi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.10854},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10854},
}

@article{marcelja2024forecasting,
  title = {Forecasting seasonal rainfall in SE Australia using Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Neural Networks},
  author = {Stjepan Marcelja},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.10550},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10550},
}

@article{gopakumar2024uncertainty,
  title = {Uncertainty Quantification of Surrogate Models using Conformal Prediction},
  author = {Vignesh Gopakumar and Ander Gray and Joel Oskarsson and Lorenzo Zanisi and Daniel Giles and Matt J. Kusner and Stanislas Pamela and Marc Peter Deisenroth},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.09881},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.09881},
}

@article{fu2024integration,
  title = {On the Integration of Spatial-Temporal Knowledge: A Lightweight Approach to Atmospheric Time Series Forecasting},
  author = {Yisong Fu and Fei Wang and Zezhi Shao and Boyu Diao and Lin Wu and Zhulin An and Chengqing Yu and Yujie Li and Yongjun Xu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.09695},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.09695},
}

@article{bracco2024machine,
  title = {Machine Learning for the Physics of Climate},
  author = {Annalisa Bracco and Julien Brajard and Henk A. Dijkstra and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Christian Lessig and Claire Monteleoni},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.09627},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.09627},
}

@article{li2024crossview,
  title = {Cross-View Geolocalization and Disaster Mapping with Street-View and VHR Satellite Imagery: A Case Study of Hurricane IAN},
  author = {Hao Li and Fabian Deuser and Wenping Yina and Xuanshu Luo and Paul Walther and Gengchen Mai and Wei Huang and Martin Werner},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.06761},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06761},
}

@article{qin2024metmamba,
  title = {MetMamba: Regional Weather Forecasting with Spatial-Temporal Mamba Model},
  author = {Haoyu Qin and Yungang Chen and Qianchuan Jiang and Pengchao Sun and Xiancai Ye and Chao Lin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.06400},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06400},
}

@article{shukla2024dune,
  title = {DUNE: A Machine Learning Deep UNet++ based Ensemble Approach to Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Climate Forecasting},
  author = {Pratik Shukla and Milton Halem},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.06262},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06262},
}

@article{ghahfarokhi2024comparative,
  title = {A Comparative Study of Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Storm Surge Prediction in Tampa Bay},
  author = {Mandana Farhang Ghahfarokhi and Seyed Hossein Sonbolestan and Mahta Zamanizadeh},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.05797},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05797},
}

@article{diaz2024personalized,
  title = {Personalized Federated Learning for improving radar based precipitation nowcasting on heterogeneous areas},
  author = {Judith Sáinz-Pardo Díaz and María Castrillo and Juraj Bartok and Ignacio Heredia Cachá and Irina Malkin Ondík and Ivan Martynovskyi and Khadijeh Alibabaei and Lisana Berberi and Valentin Kozlov and Álvaro López García},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.05761},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05761},
}

@article{sun2024fuxi,
  title = {FuXi Weather: A data-to-forecast machine learning system for global weather},
  author = {Xiuyu Sun and Xiaohui Zhong and Xiaoze Xu and Yuanqing Huang and Hao Li and J. David Neelin and Deliang Chen and Jie Feng and Wei Han and Libo Wu and Yuan Qi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.05472},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05472},
}

@article{lutjens2024impact,
  title = {The impact of internal variability on benchmarking deep learning climate emulators},
  author = {Björn Lütjens and Raffaele Ferrari and Duncan Watson-Parris and Noelle Selin},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.05288},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05288},
}

@article{haque2024detection,
  title = {Detection of Animal Movement from Weather Radar using Self-Supervised Learning},
  author = {Mubin Ul Haque and Joel Janek Dabrowski and Rebecca M. Rogers and Hazel Parry},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.04424},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04424},
}

@article{fu2024generating,
  title = {Generating Fine-Grained Causality in Climate Time Series Data for Forecasting and Anomaly Detection},
  author = {Dongqi Fu and Yada Zhu and Hanghang Tong and Kommy Weldemariam and Onkar Bhardwaj and Jingrui He},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.04254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04254},
}

@article{mahesh2024hugeb,
  title = {Huge Ensembles Part I: Design of Ensemble Weather Forecasts using Spherical Fourier Neural Operators},
  author = {Ankur Mahesh and William Collins and Boris Bonev and Noah Brenowitz and Yair Cohen and Joshua Elms and Peter Harrington and Karthik Kashinath and Thorsten Kurth and Joshua North and Travis OBrien and Michael Pritchard and David Pruitt and Mark Risser and Shashank Subramanian and Jared Willard},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.03100},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03100},
}

@article{sorensen2024probabilistic,
  title = {A probabilistic framework for learning non-intrusive corrections to long-time climate simulations from short-time training data},
  author = {Benedikt Barthel Sorensen and Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez and Ignacio Lopez-Gomez and Zhong Yi Wan and Rob Carver and Fei Sha and Themistoklis Sapsis},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.02688},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02688},
}

@article{pottinger2024climatedriven,
  title = {Climate-Driven Doubling of U.S. Maize Loss Probability: Interactive Simulation with Neural Network Monte Carlo},
  author = {A Samuel Pottinger and Lawson Connor and Brookie Guzder-Williams and Maya Weltman-Fahs and Nick Gondek and Timothy Bowles},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.02217},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02217},
}

@article{beucler2024distilling,
  title = {Distilling Machine Learning's Added Value: Pareto Fronts in Atmospheric Applications},
  author = {Tom Beucler and Arthur Grundner and Sara Shamekh and Peter Ukkonen and Matthew Chantry and Ryan Lagerquist},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.02161},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02161},
}

@article{liu2024neural,
  title = {Neural Network Emulator for Atmospheric Chemical ODE},
  author = {Zhi-Song Liu and Petri Clusius and Michael Boy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.01829},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01829},
}

@article{mahesh2024hugea,
  title = {Huge Ensembles Part II: Properties of a Huge Ensemble of Hindcasts Generated with Spherical Fourier Neural Operators},
  author = {Ankur Mahesh and William Collins and Boris Bonev and Noah Brenowitz and Yair Cohen and Peter Harrington and Karthik Kashinath and Thorsten Kurth and Joshua North and Travis OBrien and Michael Pritchard and David Pruitt and Mark Risser and Shashank Subramanian and Jared Willard},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.01581},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01581},
}

@article{pierzyna2024otclim,
  title = {OTCliM: generating a near-surface climatology of optical turbulence strength ($C_n^2$) using gradient boosting},
  author = {Maximilian Pierzyna and Sukanta Basu and Rudolf Saathof},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2408.00520},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00520},
}

@article{chen2024spatial,
  title = {Spatial Temporal Approach for High-Resolution Gridded Wind Forecasting across Southwest Western Australia},
  author = {Fuling Chen and Kevin Vinsen and Arthur Filoche},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.20283},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20283},
}

@article{li2024reconstructing,
  title = {Reconstructing Global Daily CO2 Emissions via Machine Learning},
  author = {Tao Li and Lixing Wang and Zihan Qiu and Philippe Ciais and Taochun Sun and Matthew W. Jones and Robbie M. Andrew and Glen P. Peters and Piyu ke and Xiaoting Huang and Robert B. Jackson and Zhu Liu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.20057},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20057},
}

@article{li2024orca,
  title = {Orca: Ocean Significant Wave Height Estimation with Spatio-temporally Aware Large Language Models},
  author = {Zhe Li and Ronghui Xu and Jilin Hu and Zhong Peng and Xi Lu and Chenjuan Guo and Bin Yang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.20053},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20053},
}

@article{yang2024shortterm,
  title = {Short-Term Photovoltaic Forecasting Model for Qualifying Uncertainty during Hazy Weather},
  author = {Xuan Yang and Yunxuan Dong and Lina Yang and Thomas Wu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.19663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19663},
}

@article{schulz2024nonlinear,
  title = {Nonlinear spectral analysis extracts harmonics from land-atmosphere fluxes},
  author = {Leonard Schulz and Jürgen Vollmer and Miguel D. Mahecha and Karin Mora},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.19237},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19237},
}

@article{li2024efficiently,
  title = {Efficiently improving key weather variables forecasting by performing the guided iterative prediction in latent space},
  author = {Shuangliang Li and Siwei Li},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.19187},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19187},
}

@article{benton2024super,
  title = {Super Resolution for Renewable Energy Resource Data With Wind From Reanalysis Data and Application to Ukraine},
  author = {Brandon N. Benton and Grant Buster and Pavlo Pinchuk and Andrew Glaws and Ryan N. King and Galen Maclaurin and Ilya Chernyakhovskiy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.19086},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19086},
}

@article{zhang2024opportunities,
  title = {On the Opportunities of (Re)-Exploring Atmospheric Science by Foundation Models: A Case Study},
  author = {Lujia Zhang and Hanzhe Cui and Yurong Song and Chenyue Li and Binhang Yuan and Mengqian Lu},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.17842},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17842},
}

@article{kotsuki2024ensemble,
  title = {Ensemble data assimilation to diagnose AI-based weather prediction model: A case with ClimaX version 0.3.1},
  author = {Shunji Kotsuki and Kenta Shiraishi and Atsushi Okazaki},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.17781},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17781},
}

@article{valva2024qbo,
  title = {The QBO, the annual cycle, and their interactions: Isolating periodic modes with Koopman analysis},
  author = {Claire Valva and Edwin P. Gerber},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.17422},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17422},
}

@article{wesselkamp2024advances,
  title = {Advances in Land Surface Model-based Forecasting: A comparative study of LSTM, Gradient Boosting, and Feedforward Neural Network Models as prognostic state emulators},
  author = {Marieke Wesselkamp and Matthew Chantry and Ewan Pinnington and Margarita Choulga and Souhail Boussetta and Maria Kalweit and Joschka Boedecker and Carsten F. Dormann and Florian Pappenberger and Gianpaolo Balsamo},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.16463},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.16463},
}

@article{ho2024quantum,
  title = {Quantum Computing for Climate Resilience and Sustainability Challenges},
  author = {Kin Tung Michael Ho and Kuan-Cheng Chen and Lily Lee and Felix Burt and Shang Yu and Po-Heng and Lee},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.16296},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.16296},
}

@article{shi2024evapotranspiration,
  title = {Evapotranspiration trends over the last 300 years reconstructed from historical weather station observations via machine learning},
  author = {Haiyang Shi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.16265},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.16265},
}

@article{chandra2024ensemble,
  title = {Ensemble quantile-based deep learning framework for streamflow and flood prediction in Australian catchments},
  author = {Rohitash Chandra and Arpit Kapoor and Siddharth Khedkar and Jim Ng and R. Willem Vervoort},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.15882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.15882},
}

@article{mcnally2024data,
  title = {Data driven weather forecasts trained and initialised directly from observations},
  author = {Anthony McNally and Christian Lessig and Peter Lean and Eulalie Boucher and Mihai Alexe and Ewan Pinnington and Matthew Chantry and Simon Lang and Chris Burrows and Marcin Chrust and Florian Pinault and Ethel Villeneuve and Niels Bormann and Sean Healy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.15586},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.15586},
}

@article{addison2024machine,
  title = {Machine learning emulation of precipitation from km-scale UK regional climate simulations using a diffusion model},
  author = {Henry Addison and Elizabeth Kendon and Suman Ravuri and Laurence Aitchison and Peter AG Watson},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.14158},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.14158},
}

@article{karlbauer2024comparing,
  title = {Comparing and Contrasting DLWP Backbones on Navier-Stokes and Atmospheric Dynamics},
  author = {Matthias Karlbauer and Danielle C. Maddix and Abdul Fatir Ansari and Boran Han and Gaurav Gupta and Yuyang Wang and Andrew Stuart and Michael W. Mahoney},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.14129},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.14129},
}

@article{mokhtari2024navigating,
  title = {Navigating the Smog: A Cooperative Multi-Agent RL for Accurate Air Pollution Mapping through Data Assimilation},
  author = {Ichrak Mokhtari and Walid Bechkit and Mohamed Sami Assenine and Hervé Rivano},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.12539},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12539},
}

@article{prasad2024evaluating,
  title = {Evaluating the transferability potential of deep learning models for climate downscaling},
  author = {Ayush Prasad and Paula Harder and Qidong Yang and Prasanna Sattegeri and Daniela Szwarcman and Campbell Watson and David Rolnick},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.12517},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12517},
}

@article{ke2024low,
  title = {Low latency carbon budget analysis reveals a large decline of the land carbon sink in 2023},
  author = {Piyu Ke and Philippe Ciais and Stephen Sitch and Wei Li and Ana Bastos and Zhu Liu and Yidi Xu and Xiaofan Gui and Jiang Bian and Daniel S Goll and Yi Xi and Wanjing Li and Michael O'Sullivan and Jeffeson Goncalves de Souza and Pierre Friedlingstein and Frederic Chevallier},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.12447},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12447},
}

@article{yin2024scalable,
  title = {A Scalable Real-Time Data Assimilation Framework for Predicting Turbulent Atmosphere Dynamics},
  author = {Junqi Yin and Siming Liang and Siyan Liu and Feng Bao and Hristo G. Chipilski and Dan Lu and Guannan Zhang},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.12168},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12168},
}

@article{vandal2024global,
  title = {Global atmospheric data assimilation with multi-modal masked autoencoders},
  author = {Thomas J. Vandal and Kate Duffy and Daniel McDuff and Yoni Nachmany and Chris Hartshorn},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.11696},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11696},
}

@article{mirowski2024neural,
  title = {Neural Compression of Atmospheric States},
  author = {Piotr Mirowski and David Warde-Farley and Mihaela Rosca and Matthew Koichi Grimes and Yana Hasson and Hyunjik Kim and Mélanie Rey and Simon Osindero and Suman Ravuri and Shakir Mohamed},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.11666},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11666},
}

@article{das2024hybrid,
  title = {Hybrid physics-AI outperforms numerical weather prediction for extreme precipitation nowcasting},
  author = {Puja Das and August Posch and Nathan Barber and Michael Hicks and Thomas J. Vandal and Kate Duffy and Debjani Singh and Katie van Werkhoven and Auroop R. Ganguly},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.11317},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11317},
}

@article{feik2024graph,
  title = {Graph Neural Networks and Spatial Information Learning for Post-Processing Ensemble Weather Forecasts},
  author = {Moritz Feik and Sebastian Lerch and Jan Stühmer},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.11050},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11050},
}

@article{uchida2024dynamicmode,
  title = {Dynamic-Mode Decomposition of Geostrophically Balanced Motions from SWOT Altimetry},
  author = {Takaya Uchida and Yadidya Badarvada and Karl E. Lapo and Xiaobiao Xu and Jeffrey J. Early and Brian K. Arbic and Dimitris Menemenlis and Luna Hiron and Eric P. Chassignet and Jay F. Shriver and Maarten C. Buijsman},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.09309},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09309},
}

@article{bulte2024modeling,
  title = {Modeling Spatial Extremal Dependence of Precipitation Using Distributional Neural Networks},
  author = {Christopher Bülte and Lisa Leimenstoll and Melanie Schienle},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.08668},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.08668},
}

@article{tahseen2024enhancing,
  title = {Enhancing 3D Planetary Atmosphere Simulations with a Surrogate Radiative Transfer Model},
  author = {Tara P. A. Tahseen and João M. Mendonça and Kai Hou Yip and Ingo P. Waldmann},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.08556},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.08556},
}

@article{husain2024leveraging,
  title = {Leveraging data-driven weather models for improving numerical weather prediction skill through large-scale spectral nudging},
  author = {Syed Zahid Husain and Leo Separovic and Jean-François Caron and Rabah Aider and Mark Buehner and Stéphane Chamberland and Ervig Lapalme and Ron McTaggart-Cowan and Christopher Subich and Paul A. Vaillancourt and Jing Yang and Ayrton Zadra},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.06100},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.06100},
}

@article{pahlavan2024importance,
  title = {On the importance of learning non-local dynamics for stable data-driven climate modeling: A 1D gravity wave-QBO testbed},
  author = {Hamid A. Pahlavan and Pedram Hassanzadeh and M. Joan Alexander},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.05224},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.05224},
}

@article{abdelhady2024deep,
  title = {A Deep Learning Approach for Modeling and Hindcasting Lake Michigan Ice Cover},
  author = {Hazem Abdelhady and Cary Troy},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.04937},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04937},
}

@article{sha2024improving,
  title = {Improving ensemble extreme precipitation forecasts using generative artificial intelligence},
  author = {Yingkai Sha and Ryan A. Sobash and David John Gagne},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.04882},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04882},
}

@article{sasaki2024physicsinformed,
  title = {A Physics-Informed Machine Learning Approach utilizing Multiband Satellite Data for Solar Irradiance Estimation},
  author = {Jun Sasaki and Maki Okada and Kenji Utsunomiya and Koji Yamaguchi},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2407.04283},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04283},
}

@article{price2023gencast,
  title = {GenCast: Diffusion-based ensemble forecasting for medium-range weather},
  author = {Ilan Price and Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez and Ferran Alet and Tom R. Andersson and Andrew El-Kadi and Dominic Masters and Timo Ewalds and Jacklynn Stott and Shakir Mohamed and Peter Battaglia and Remi Lam and Matthew Willson},
  year = {2023},
  eprint = {2312.15796},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.15796},
}

@article{xiao2023fengwu4dvar,
  title = {FengWu-4DVar: Coupling the Data-driven Weather Forecasting Model with 4D Variational Assimilation},
  author = {Yi Xiao and Lei Bai and Wei Xue and Kang Chen and Tao Han and Wanli Ouyang},
  year = {2023},
  eprint = {2312.12455},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.12455},
}

@article{kumar2023skilful,
  title = {Skilful Precipitation Nowcasting Using NowcastNet},
  author = {Ajitabh Kumar},
  year = {2023},
  eprint = {2311.17961},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17961},
}

@article{lam2022graphcast,
  title = {GraphCast: Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting},
  author = {Remi Lam and Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez and Matthew Willson and Peter Wirnsberger and Meire Fortunato and Ferran Alet and Suman Ravuri and Timo Ewalds and Zach Eaton-Rosen and Weihua Hu and Alexander Merose and Stephan Hoyer and George Holland and Oriol Vinyals and Jacklynn Stott and Alexander Pritzel and Shakir Mohamed and Peter Battaglia},
  year = {2022},
  eprint = {2212.12794},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.12794},
}

@article{bi2022panguweather,
  title = {Pangu-Weather: A 3D High-Resolution Model for Fast and Accurate Global Weather Forecast},
  author = {Kaifeng Bi and Lingxi Xie and Hengheng Zhang and Xin Chen and Xiaotao Gu and Qi Tian},
  year = {2022},
  eprint = {2211.02556},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.02556},
}

@article{hu2022swinvrnn,
  title = {SwinVRNN: A Data-Driven Ensemble Forecasting Model via Learned Distribution Perturbation},
  author = {Yuan Hu and Lei Chen and Zhibin Wang and Hao Li},
  year = {2022},
  eprint = {2205.13158},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13158},
}

@article{pathak2022fourcastnet,
  title = {FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators},
  author = {Jaideep Pathak and Shashank Subramanian and Peter Harrington and Sanjeev Raja and Ashesh Chattopadhyay and Morteza Mardani and Thorsten Kurth and David Hall and Zongyi Li and Kamyar Azizzadenesheli and Pedram Hassanzadeh and Karthik Kashinath and Animashree Anandkumar},
  year = {2022},
  eprint = {2202.11214},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.11214},
}

@article{snderby2020metnet,
  title = {MetNet: A Neural Weather Model for Precipitation Forecasting},
  author = {Casper Kaae Sønderby and Lasse Espeholt and Jonathan Heek and Mostafa Dehghani and Avital Oliver and Tim Salimans and Shreya Agrawal and Jason Hickey and Nal Kalchbrenner},
  year = {2020},
  eprint = {2003.12140},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12140},
}